• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

More than a century ago, the first scientific report was published about fracture fixation with plates. During the 1950's, open reduction and plate fixation for fractures were standardized by the founders of Arbeitsgemeinschaft $f{\ddot{u}}r$ osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation. Since the introduction of plate fixation for fractures, several plates and screws have been developed, all with their own characteristics. To accomplice more fracture stability, it was thought the bigger the plate, the better. The counter side was a compromised blood supply of the bone, often resulting in bone necrosis and ultimately delayed or non-union. With the search and development of new materials and techniques for fracture fixation, less invasive procedures have become increasingly popular. This resulted in the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique for fracture fixation. With the MIPO technique, procedures could be performed with smaller incisions and thus with less soft tissue damage and a better preserved blood supply. The last 5 years rib fixation has become increasingly popular, rising evidence has becomeavailable suggesting that surgical rib fixation improves outcome of patients with a flail chest or isolated rib fractures. Many surgical approaches for rib fixation have been described in the old literature, however, most of these techniques are obscure nowadays. Currently mostly large incisions with considerable surgical insult are used to stabilize rib fractures. We think that MIPO deserves a place in the surgical treatment of rib fractures. We present the aspects of diagnosis, preoperative planning and operative techniques in regard to MIPO rib fixation.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2011

As nuclear industry has been developed, a various types of radiological contamination has occurred. After 9.11 terror in U.S.A., it has been concerned that terrorists' active area has been enlarged to use nuclear or radioactive substance. Recently, the most powerful earth-quake stroke, which triggered a massive tsunami in Japan and then Fukushima nuclear power plant reactor has suffered from a serious accident in history. The Fukushima reactor accident has occurred an anxiety of radiation leaks and about 170,000 people have been evacuated from the accidental area near the nuclear power plant. For these reasons, a social chaos can be occurred if radiological contamination occurs to the supply system for the drinking water. As such, the establishment of the radiation monitoring system for the city main water system is compelling for the national security. In this study, a feasibility test of radiation monitoring system which consists of unified hybrid-type radiation detectors was experimented for multi detection system by using gamma-ray imaging. The hybrid-type radiation sensors were fabricated with CsI(Tl) scintillators and photodiodes. A preamplifier and amplifier was also fabricated and assembled with the sensor in the shielding case. For the preliminary test of detection of radiological contamination in the river, multi CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode radiation detectors and $^{137}Cs$ gamma-ray source were used. The DAQ was done by Linux based ROOT program and NI DAQ system with Labview program. The simulated contamination was assumed to be occurred at Gapcheon river in Daejeon city. Multi CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode radiation detectors were positioned at the Gapcheon river side. Assuming that the radiological contaminations flows in the river the $^{137}Cs$ gamma-ray source has been moved and then, the contamination region was reconstructed.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.495-501
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• 2019

This paper proposes a variable passive harmonic filter for reduction and improvement of harmonics and power factor of single-phase uninterruptible power supply(UPS) with full bridge rectifier. Recently, UPSs have excellent harmonic and power factor operation characteristics by applying 2-level or more levels of power conversion methods. On the other hand, the single-phase UPS of the full bridge rectifier seriously causes the third, fifth, and seventh harmonics, and the power factor reduction on the grid side. Therefore, we present a variable passive harmonic filter for eliminating (2n+1) order harmonics and improving the power factor generated by the full bridge rectifier operation. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed variable harmonic filter, the its validity is verified by various simulations and experiments.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.75-91
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• 2021

Due to increased competition in supply side to reduce operational costs, port professionals have experienced extreme pressure, which demanded academicians to develop the model for efficient port operations from the industry perspective. Among many ports in the world, U.S. ports are our primary interest to analyze in our study for its high volume of cargoes transacted in the U.S. ports. We primarily employed DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) technique to research the productivity of U.S. ports and applied the algorithm of double bootstrapped DEA proposed by Simar & Wilson (2007) to further investigate the driving forces of the performance of U.S. port operations. The external variables employed in our study comprise onDock Rail, Channel Depth, Location, Area, Acres, ForeignCargoRatio, and TEUChange, out of which onDock Rail, Acres, ForeignCargoRatio, and TEUChange were significant. In order to evaluate the effects of methodology selection, we conducted the same analysis applying the Censored model (Tobit) and contrasted the outcomes drawn from the two different techniques. Based on the findings from this work we proposed managerial implications and concluded.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.1071-1081
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• 2022

As the demand for high-rise buildings increases, the demand for high-speed elevators is also increasing. In order to make a high-speed elevator, a method is needed to reduce the weight of the elevator's components, which is a constraint on the increase in speed. As a measure to reduce the weight, it is possible to remove the traveling cable for power and signal supply. Since the weight of the traveling cable varies depending on the position of the carriage, it is difficult to compensate the weight using the counter weight. The power supply is a structure in which a brush-rail type power input terminal is installed in the elevator hoistway to receive power in a contact-type manner while the carriage is moving. If a small-capacity ESS is installed in a passenger car, power can be supplied uninterruptedly inside the passenger car. A small-capacity ESS charging system to be applied to such an elevator system is required to perform several functions. First, the passenger Car must be able to charge as much as possible even during high-speed operation. A control algorithm with high responsiveness is required because charging starts and ends repeatedly by the partially installed input power stage. In addition, if the input-side line impedance is large due to the structure of the system and the response characteristic is increased, the stability of the system may be lowered. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a control algorithm that has a stable steady-state output while having a fast response in a transient state. To verify the proposed control algorithm, simulation was conducted using PSIM, and the performance of the controller was verified by manufacturing a prototype buck conveter charger.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2023

Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome (DS) is a metabolic brain disorder caused by a deficiency resulting from SLC2A1 gene mutation and is characterized by abnormal brain metabolism and associated metabolic encephalopathy. Reduced glucose supply to the brain leads to brain damage, resulting in delayed neurodevelopment in infancy and symptoms such as eye abnormalities, microcephaly, ataxia, and rigidity. Treatment options for GLUT1 DS include ketogenic diet (KD), pharmacotherapy, and rehabilitation therapy. Of these, KD is an essential and the most important treatment method as it promotes brain neurodevelopment by generating ketone bodies to produce energy. This case is a focused study on intensive KD nutritional intervention for an infant diagnosed with GLUT1 DS at Gangnam Severance Hospital from May 2022 to January 2023. During the initial hospitalization, nutritional intervention was performed to address poor intake via the use of concentrated formula and an attempt was made to introduce complementary feeding. After the second hospitalization and diagnosis of GLUT1 DS, positive effects on the infant's growth and development, nutritional status, and seizure control were achieved with minimal side effects by implementing KD nutritional intervention and adjusting the type and dosage of anticonvulsant medications. In conclusion, for patients with GLUT1 DS, it is important to implement a KD with an appropriate ratio of ketogenic to nonketogenic components to supply adequate energy. Furthermore, individualized and intensive nutritional management is necessary to improve growth, development, and nutritional status.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

In the electronics industry, a lot of research and development is being conducted on electronic component supply, component alignment and insertion, and automation of soldering on the back side of the PCB for automatic PCB assembly. Additionally, as the use of electronic components increases in the automotive component field, there is a growing need to automate the alignment and insertion of components with leads such as transistors, coils, and fuses on PCB. In response to these demands, the types of PCB and parts used have been more various, and as this industrial trend, the quantity and placement of automation equipment that supplies, aligns, inserts, and solders components has become important in PCB manufacturing plants. It is also necessary to reduce the pre-setting time before using each automation equipment. In this study, we propose a method in which a vision system recognizes the type of component and simultaneously corrects alignment errors during the process of aligning and inserting various types of electronic components. The proposed method is effective in manufacturing various types of PCBs by minimizing the amount of automatic equipment inserted after alignment with the component supply device and omitting the preset process depending on the type of component supplied. Also the advantage of the proposed method is that the structure of the existing automatic insertion machine can be easily modified and utilized without major changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2003

The objects of this study are to find out (1) real situation of the food supply in prison under Imperial Government of Japan more cleary (historical meaning) and (2) which might help in understanding wrong present food consumption patterns in Korea which causes environmental as well as health problems. It is generally known that the length of the Japanese occupation for Korea is 36 years. However, it is concluded in this study that it was longer (70 years ; from 1875 to 1945 from when Japanese Army attacked and occupied Yungjongdo and Kanghwado island to e time when they were defeated on World War II.) Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910 then the Imperial Government of Japan dismissed the Korea Army, controlled the Office of Justice and the management of prison by force. Since then about 50% of all land was fell into Japanese Government ownership and 80% of Korean farmers became as tenant. After this change, Korea farmers were forced to pay extremely high rent (up to 80% of its harvest). Forced immigration, low price procurement of grain by Japanese government up to more than 30%of their production, was practiced. Accordingly, the food situation of Korean farmers became miserable, which may caused more violations of Imperial Japanese Law. Malnutrition, epidemic diseases, mortality rate of infants soared and average life expectancy shortened to 20-30 years old. This was the period of World Economic Crises and Food Crises in Japan. It was said then that if one Japanese comes to Korea then 200 Koreans will starved to death. Meanwhile, Proconsul Bureau of Chosun requested to the Department of Medicine, the Imperial University of Kyungsung to survey food supply situation of Koreans in prison throughout Korea. Objectives of the survey then was not only to find out scientifically whether it is agreeable in maintaining prisoner's health and also find out the possibility to save food during food crisis. Survey was started from 1923 and ended in 1945, and it focussed on prisoners in the Seodaemoon Prison. This report is the outcome of the first survey. They concluded that the food supplied was nutritionally (had) no problem, in compare with those of workers in the factory, students in the dormitory in Japan and with those of prisoners in Taiwan, France and Germany. Amount of grain supplied were different according to their work lord and was divided into 9 different levels. Total grain was consisted of 50% millet, 30% soybean and 20% indica rice(variety). However, there were no difference in the amount of supply of side dishes between work groups. For the highest working group, 3280g of boiled grain per day was supplied to make stomach full but as a side dishes, salty fermented bean paste, fermented fish and salty soups, etc. was supplied. Deficiency of animal protein were observed, however, high intake of soybean may possibly caused animal protein deficiency problem. On the contrary, the intake of water soluble vitamins were insufficient but the level of calcium and iron intake seems to be sufficient, however, imbalance of intake of nutrition may caused low absorbtion rate which might caused malnutrition. High intake of dietary fiber and low intake of cholesterol may possibly prohibited them from so called modem disease but may caused the defect in disease resistancy againist epidemics and other traditional disease. Over intake of salt(20-30g per day) was observed. Surveyors who attended in this survey, mentioned that the amount of food intake may nutritionally be sufficient enough but the quality of food(and possibly, the taste of food) were like that of animal feed. For the officials who received this report might consider that considering the war situation and food crisis, the supply situation of food in the prison may considered to be good enough(because they are not starving). But as a Korean who studied this report, one feel extremely pity about those situation because (situation of) those period were very harsh under the Imperial Law and keeping the Law by Koreans were almost impossible, therefore, about one third adult violated the Law and were put into jail. And they were treated like animals.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 1975

A total of 185 vasovasostomies were carried out for 11 years. Various factors which are of importance in fluencing the successful vasovasostomies are analysed and presented as follows: In recent years, demand of reanastomosis of the vas deferens increased considerably. An average age of the subjects is 39, and that of their wives, 33 in this series. An average interval between vasectomy and vasovasostomy is 4 years. An average number of living chidren is 2.6 at the time of vasectomy. and 2.1 at the time of time of vasovasostomy. Merchant and public official are the most commonly encounterd occupation in the present series. Coital frequencies are 2.2/week after vasovasostomy. The most common reasons for requesting the vasovasostomy are remarriage and deaths of children, especially son. Success rate is considerably higher among younger group than that of the older. Success rate is somewhat higher among groups of shorter interval between the operations (vasectomy and vasovasostomy) than that of longer interval group. Success rate is higher among bilateral vasovasostomy group than that of any others. Success rate is higher in solid splint group and no splint group than hollow splint group. The closed dressing technique of the end of splint on the scrotum is found to be reasonably effective in preventing infection. Ordinary end-to-end anastomosis and folded side-to-side anastomosis techniques are proved to be the most ideal form of modified operation for the successful vasovasostomies. The most common causes of failure are infection, injuries of blood supply, avascular necrosis due to extensive mobilization, inadequate approximation of both vasal end, hematoma, changes of epididymal environment, and early ambulation in this series. Overall success rate of the author's series is found the 81 per cent, and impregnation rate is 35 per cent. Overall results reported by other workers are that success rate regarding appearance of sperm in the semen after operation is 64 per cent, and that of impregnation after vasovasostomy is 33 per cent. The results of semen assessment performed on same cases prior to vasectomy and following vasovasostomy showed that post-vasovasostomy sperm count scarcely reached three-quaters of pre-vasectomy count.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate dietary quality of Korea Antarctic expedition by menu analysis. Basic menu pattern, intake of dish and dish group, DDS (dietary diversity score), daily nutrients supply, and NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) & MAR (mean adequacy ratio) were analyzed using 1 year menu list for the 10th Korea Antarctic expedition. Most frequently served basic menu patterns were ${\ulcorner}$Rice + Soup + 2 Side dish + Kimchi (53.5%)${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Rice + Stew + 2 Side dish + Kimchi (13.4%)${\lrcorner}$. In the analysis of dish group, excluding Rice and Kimchi, ${\ulcorner}$Grilled foods${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Pan-fried foods${\lrcorner}$ were served more than 25% per month. Most frequently served dishes were "pan-fried rolled egg", "grilled seaweed", "kimchi soup", "fruits cocktail, canned" and "salt-fermented squid". The kinds of served dishes were very restrictive. The average score of DDS showed 2.88 for summer and 2.97 for winter. Dairy group was almost not served. Fruit & Vegetable groups were also served a little as canned product. The energy ratio of Carbohydrate : Fat : Protein was 56.5 : 23.9 : 19.2, and 56.9 : 24.5 : 18.3, for summer and winter, respectively. Both seasons had higher ratio of carbohydrate and lower ratio of fat compared to the recommended ratio (44 : 40 : 16) in polar area. Ca : P ratio was very poor, 0.40 in both seasons. NAR scores of Ca, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C were also very low, ranged from 0.6 to 0.7. Consequently, a well-planned menu supplying adequate amount of dairy, fruit and vegetable is necessarily required including Ca, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C intake, and some nutritionally well-educated members are urgently needed to join in the expedition.