• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in serum of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160${\pm}$10g) were fed experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300mg/kg BW/day for 6weeks. Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly inhibited (10% and 20%) in MLE-100and MLE-300 groups, but there were no significant differences in total, LDL-and HDL- cholesterol levels in both MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups. Hydroxyl radical ($.$OH) formations resulted in a marked decreases(20∼25%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group, while superoxide radical (O2.-)and hydrogen peroxide formations resulted in a considerable decreases(7∼10% and 5∼10%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO)and oxidized protein(>C=O group) productions resulted in a significant decreases (10% and 6∼10%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT) activities were remarkably increased (30% and 40∼55%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, but glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) activities were significantly increased (10∼15%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various agerelated changes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1989

To compare antioxidant action of u 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on lipid peroxidation in rats, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and membranes of liver and brain and activities of antioxidant-related enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood, were studied. Malondialdehyde contents of $\omega3$ PUFA and sardine oil groups were significantly decreased compared with lard group as control (p<0.05). Catalase and superoxide dismutase showed higher activities in $\omega3$ PUFA and sardine oil groups than those of lard control group. These findings suggest that fish oil has a inhibitory effect on formation of lipid peroxides in blood and membranes of rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.166-169
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• 1999

The experiment was conducted to find the changes of early growth and chemical components such as chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, free proline content on the different manganese chloride concentration(2,500, 3,500 and 4,500ppm) in rice seedling. Root growth was decreased in highest concentration, 4,500 ppm of Mn compared with the control and germination rate was also decreased 43% at 4,500 ppm of Mn. Chlorophyll content was decreased at Mn 4,500ppm with 1.16mg. Free proline content at 3 day after germination in Mn 4,500ppm was highest relative to the other manganese chloride concentrations. SOD activity was gradually increased as manganese chloride concentration was increased. As a result, it was suggested that an increment of free proline and SOD activity results from the higher manganese chloride concentration.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2017

Background: Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect in cisplatin chemotherapy. Previously, we reported that the ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 reduced cisplatin toxicity on porcine renal proximal epithelial tubular cells (LLC-PK1). Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 on kidney function and elucidate their antioxidant effect using in vitro and in vivo models of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Methods: An enriched mixture of ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 (KG-KH; 49.3% and 43.1%, respectively) was purified from sun ginseng (heat processed Panax ginseng). Cytotoxicity was induced by treatment of $20{\mu}M$ cisplatin to LLC-PK1 cells and rat model of acute renal failure was generated by single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg cisplatin. Protective effects were assessed by determining cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, antioxidant enzyme activity, and histopathological examination. Results: The in vitro assay demonstrated that KG-KH ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly increased cell viability (4.6-fold), superoxide dismutase activity (2.8-fold), and glutathione reductase activity (1.5-fold), but reduced reactive oxygen species generation (56%) compared to cisplatin control cells. KG-KH (6 mg/kg, per os) also significantly inhibited renal edema (87% kidney index) and dysfunction (71.4% blood urea nitrogen, 67.4% creatinine) compared to cisplatin control rats. Of note, KG-KH significantly recovered the kidney levels of catalase (1.2-fold) and superoxide dismutase (1.5-fold). Conclusion: Considering the oxidative injury as an early trigger of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, our findings suggest that ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 protect the kidney from cisplatin-induced oxidative injury and help to recover renal function by restoring intrinsic antioxidant defenses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.550-561
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• 2019

Background: Gastric ulcer (GU) is a common gastrointestinal disease that can be induced by many factors. Finding an effective treatment method that contains fewer side effects is important. 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is a kind of protopanaxadiol and has shown superior antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in many studies, especially cancer studies. In this study, we examined the treatment efficacy of 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 on GU. Methods: Three kinds of GU models, including an alcohol GU model, a pylorus-ligated GU model, and an acetic acid GU model, were used. Mouse endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood and epidermal growth factor (EGF), superoxide dismutase, and NO levels in gastric mucosa were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric mucosa and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), and epidermal growth factor receptors were studied. Ulcer index (UI) scores and UI ratios were also analyzed to demonstrate the GU conditions in different groups. Furthermore, Glide XP from $Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$ was used for molecular docking to clarify the interactions between 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 and EGF and NOS2. Results: 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 significantly decreased the UI scores and UI ratios in all the three GU models, and it demonstrated antiulcer effects by decreasing the ET-1 and NOS2 levels and increasing the NO, superoxide dismutase, EGF, and epidermal growth factor receptor levels. In addition, high-dose 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 showed satisfactory gastric mucosa protection effects. Conclusion: 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit the formation of GU and may be a potential therapeutic agent for GU.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.179-184
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate major agronomical characterization and phenol compound contents, Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (XO), Catalase activity, Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical sacvenging activity were analyzed in colored waxy corns. The mean of stem height and ear length were 248.8 cm and 18.6 cm, respectively. The pericarp thickness in CNU108 $(30.3{\mu}m)$ was thinner than other hybrids. The period of tasseling days in CNU69 and CNU202 were very shorter than other hybrids (59 days). 100-kernel weight of CNU50 was 35.6 g and heavier than the others. The antioxidant activities such as xanthin oxidase (XO), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in CNU70 and CNUI 38. Especially highest EDA (electron donating ability) in DPPH radical scavenging effect was 94.8% and 94.6% in CNU160 and CNU193, respectively. In the results, the antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant acticity were higher in CNU109 and CNU 34 hybrids. The hybrids, CNU34, CNU70, CNU108, CNU 138 and CNU193 may be considered higher functional color waxy corn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.319-326
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) and selenium(Se) levels on alcohol metabolic enzyme system in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed on diets containing one of the three levels of Met(0, 3, 9g/kg diet) with or without Se(0.45mg/kg diet). Alcohol was administrated with 25%(v/v) ethanol orally at the same time once a day in alcohol group and isocaloric sucrose was administrated to the control group. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 week of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS) activities of hepatic tissuedom were increased more in alcohol treated groups than control group. Increment of activities preinated in simultaneous deficiency of dietary Met and Se(LMet-Se+EtOH) group. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH) activity was decreased more in alcohol treated groups than control group and significantly decreased in Met and Se supplemented(NMet+Se+EtOH) group. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and xanthine oxidase(XO) activity were significantly increased in alcohol treated groups Compared to control group and predominated in Met deficiency(LMet) group and excessive Met administration (HMet) group. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities tended to increase by alcohol administration, the degree of increase predominated in 10 week. The activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was decreased in alcohol groups and tended to increase in proportion to the level of dietary Met.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.390-395
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• 2012

Response surface methodology was used to monitor the characteristics of Corni fructus. A maximum electron donating ability of 81.27% was obtained at 119.71 W of microwave power, 7.71% of ethanol concentration, and 4.21 min of extraction time. The maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 105.92% at 143.36 W of microwave power, 58.19% ethanol concentration, and 6.71 min of extraction time. The maximum superoxide dismutase like activity was 87.08% under the extraction conditions of 107.33 W of microwave power, 96.14% ethanol concentration, and 31.49 min of extraction time. The total polyphenol content showed a maximum of 475.86 mg% at 140.29 W of microwave power, 27.44% ethanol concentration, and 58.69 min of extraction time. Based on the superimposition of four-dimensional RSM data regarding the electron-donating ability, inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, superoxide dismutase like activity, and total polyphenol content, the optimum ranges of extraction conditions were found to be at 78~98 W of microwave power, 3~33% ethanol concentration, and 3.6~9 min of extraction time.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

Recently new soybean saponins with D DMP (2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,- dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one) moiety have been isolated from legumes. The purpose of this study is to characterize ROS scavenging activities of DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g, $\beta$g saponin) isolated from Glycine max (L.) Merrill. The scavenging activity on OH was examined in terms of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver homogenates and the same activity on $O_2$ was also determined in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Up to 0.25 mg DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g and $\beta$g saponins) did not cause any significant effects on the prevention of lipid peroxidation as compared with the control group. In terms of superoxide scavenging activities, 0.25 and 0.5 mg $\alpha$g saponin inhibits only 2.6% and 5.5% (p<0.05) of the control group, respectively. However, $\alpha$g saponin dose-dependently (p<0.01, r=0.955) inhibits the formation of superoxide radical unto 21.3% of the control group with a maximal dose of 0.5 mg (p<0.01), equivalent to 0.17 units of superoxide dismutase activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2018

Methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) root was investigated to research the anti-oxidative activity, by using a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The methanol extract of this plant showed significant DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract that showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. The ethyl acetate fraction was tested on its activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans. Furthermore, in order to see if regulation of stress-response genes is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of the ethyl acetate fraction treated C. elegans, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. miltiorrhiza root increased the catalase and SOD activities in a dose-dependent manner in C. elegans. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the non-treated ones.