• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.182-191
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• 2024

Purpose: Vascular injuries require immediate surgical treatment with standard vascular techniques. We aimed to identify pitfalls in vascular surgery for trauma team optimization and to suggest recommendations for trauma and vascular surgeons. Methods: We reviewed 28 victims and analyzed the patterns of injuries, methods of repair, and outcomes. Results: Ten patients had torso injuries, among whom three thoracic aorta injuries were repaired with thoracic endovascular aortic repair, one left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm with embolization, and two inferior vena cava with venorrhaphy, three iliac arteries with patch angioplasty or embolization, and three common femoral arteries with bypass surgery or arterioplasty. Four patients had upper extremity injuries, among whom one brachial artery and vein was repaired with bypass surgery after temporary intravascular shunt perfusion, two radial arteries were repaired with anastomoses, and one ulnar artery was repaired with ligation. One radial artery under tension was occluded. Fourteen patients had lower extremity injuries, among whom one superficial femoral artery and vein was repaired with bypass and concomitant ligation of the deep femoral artery and vein, three superficial femoral arteries were repaired with bypass (two concomitant femoral veins with bypass or anastomosis), one deep femoral artery with embolization, two popliteal arteries with bypass or anastomosis, four infrapopliteal transected arteries, one arteriovenous fistula with ligation, and one pseudoaneurysm with bypass. However, one superficial femoral artery and all femoral veins were occluded. One leg replantation failed. Conclusions: There are potential complications of vascular access during resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta procedures. Vascular repair should be performed without tension or spasm. Preservation of the harvested vein in papaverine solution and blood while using a temporary intravascular shunt is a method of eliminating spasms.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness and the stability of the superficial medial collateral ligament (MCL) release in posterior medial meniscus root repair. Materials and Methods: We compared 20 patients who underwent posterior medial meniscus root repair with superficial MCL preserved (PM) and 32 patients who underwent posterior medial meniscus root repair combined with superficial MCL release (RM) from April 2006 to September 2010. We excluded the patients combined with other surgery. To evaluate the postoperative valgus instability in RM group, we examined direct tenderness on MCL insertion, the subjective feeling of instability and valgus stress test at 3 months and 1 year follow-up. We compared the tourniquet time between PM group and RM group, and the clinical results were assessed by Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) for the usefulness. Results: All patients had no clinically significant complication related to the superficial MCL release. Three months and 1 year follow-up, there were no positive tenderness test, no subjective symptoms and no significant increase of valgus instability although 5 patients examined grade I valgus instability. The mean tourniquet time was $41.3{\pm}12.7$ minutes in RM group and $53.5{\pm}13.6$ minutes in PM group. There was a significant difference in the tourniquet time between the two groups (P<0.05). Average Lysholm score was $56.8{\pm}5.5$ (range, 44-70) preoperatively and $85.1{\pm}5.8$ (range, 77-94) postoperatively in PM group, and was $56.2{\pm}5.4$ (range, 45-67) preoperatively and $87.4{\pm}3.9$ (range, 82-95) postoperatively in RM group (P<0.001). No significant difference of Lysholm score was found in both groups (P<0.05). Average IKDC scores was $42.6{\pm}3.9$ (range, 30-53) preoperatively and $77.2{\pm}6.3$ (range, 68-92) postoperatively in PM group, and was $42.7{\pm}5.7$ (range, 30-53) preoperatively and $89.6{\pm}2.9$ (range, 84-95) postoperatively in RM group (P<0.05). There was also no significant difference of IKDC score in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The superficial MCL release in posterior medial meniscus root repair is useful to gain a wide surgical field and reduces the tourniquet time and does not lead to postoperative valgus instability. It can be considered clinically useful and safe procedure in medial meniscus posterior root repair.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

Skin mucous cells in the three regions of the body in Pseudobagrus fulvidaraco and Leiocassius nitidus were investigated using three histochemical methods (PAS, AB-PAS and HID). In the two species, components of mucous cell were not distinguished in each region, but presented a differences in position and type, size, and count in all regions. Mucous cells of P. fulvidraco were located in two layers, a superficial epithelial cell and the space within alarm substance cells (ASCs). Mucous cells of L. nitidus were situated only in the superficial epithelial cell layer. The size of mucous cells in the ASC layer were larger than those of the superficial epithelial cells for all measured values: diameter, length, width, and area. In the superficial epithelial cell layer, the average number of mucous cells within the three regions did not differ significantly between species by unpaired T-test, but the average number of those within two cell layers of P. fulvidraco had a similarity at each region by paired T-test. The dismilarity in dorsal and ventral regions in average number of ASCs between P. fulvidraco and L. niditus was confirmed by unpaired T-test.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2000

Microsurgical reconstruction of the hand demands recovery of the sensation of the reconstructed free flap as well as microsurgeon's intelligence, technique and experience. Even with adequate soft tissue coverage and skeletal mobility, an insensate hand is prone to further injury and is unlikely to be useful to the patients. Authors have performed 8 cases of neurosensory free flaps in the hand, 4 cases of wrap around, 3 dorsalis pedis and 1 lateral arm flap, from July 1992 through June 1999 and followed up average 4 years and 4 months. Wrap around flap was performed for reconstruction of 4 cases of thumb, repairing deep peroneal nerve and superficial radial nerve by epineurial neurorrhaphy, and followed up for average 3 years and 10 months and calculated 9mm in the static 2 point discrimination test. Dorsalis pedis flap were 3 cases for reconstruction of the ray amputation, extensor tendon exposure and wrist exposure. Deep peroneal nerve and branch of the ulnar nerve was repaired by epineurial neurorrhaphy calculating 6mm and superficial peroneal nerve and superficial radial nerve averaging 18mm in the static 2 point discrimination test for follow up average 2 years and 9 months. Lateral arm flap was 1 case for reconstruction of the ray amputation in the hand repairing posterior cutaneous nerve to the arm to the superficial radial nerve calculating 20mm for follow up 6 years and 8 months.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.516-521
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• 2014

Axial and overall heat transfer coefficients were investigated in a bubble column with relatively high viscous and low surface tension media. Effects of superficial gas velocity (0.02~0.1 m/s), liquid viscosity ($0.1{\sim}0.3Pa{\cdot}s$) and surface tension ($66.1{\sim}72.9{\times}10^{-3}N/m$) on the local and overall heat transfer coefficients were examined. The heat transfer field was composed of the immersed heater and the bubble column; a vertical heater was installed at the center of the column coaxially. The heat transfer coefficient was determined by measuring the temperature differences continuously between the heater surface and the column which was bubbling in a given operating condition, with the knowledge of heat supply to the heater. The local heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing superficial gas velocity but decreased with increasing axial distance from the gas distributor and liquid surface tension. The overall heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing superficial gas velocity but decreased with increasing liquid viscosity or surface tension. The overall heat transfer coefficient was well correlated in terms of operating variables such as superficial gas velocity, liquid surface tension and liquid viscosity with a correlation coefficient of 0.91, and in terms of dimensionless groups such as Nusselt, Reynolds, Prandtl and Weber numbers with a correlation of 0.92; $$h=2502U^{0.236}_{G}{\mu}^{-0.250}_{L}{\sigma}^{-0.028}_L$$ $$Nu=325Re^{0.180}Pr^{-0.067}We^{0.028}$$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.79-104
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• 1985

Clinical and cytomorphological studies were carried out in 32 leukotic cattle from Tokachi and Kushiro districts in Hokkaido during the 12 year period from 1969 to 1980. The leukotic cattle were examined :and divided into four types(15 cases of the adult, 11 cases of the thymic, 4 casas of the calf and 2 cases of the skin types). The results obtained were as follows : 1. As for the frequency of the main clinical signs in each type, In the adult type, the main clinical signs (of decreasing order) are as follows: swelling of the superficial lymph nodes>depression and loss of weight>tachycardia>anorekia, anemia of the visible mucous membrane and tachypnea. Those of the thymic type were swelling of the thymus>swelling of the medial iliac lymph nodes> swelling of the superficial lymph nodes>tachypnea. Those of the calf type were swelling of the auperficial lymph nodes>depression and emaciation>tachypnea>anorexia, tachycardia, anemia of the visible mucous membrane and recumbency. Those of the skin type were generalized urticaria-like lesions in skin and swelling of superficial lymph nodes>and depression and loss of weight in the decreasing order of frequency. In addition, large tumor mass in the pelvic cavity and swelling of the medial iliac lymph nodes were detected through rectal palpation in 33.3% and 100% in the adult type cases, respectively. 2. As for the hematological findings, The frequency of occurrence of decreased erythrocyte counts in the decreasing order were as follows : adult>calf>thymic>and skin types. The increase in the total leukocyte count in the order of decreasing frequency were as follows: calf>thymic>adult>and skin types. The increase in the absolute lymphocyte counts was found to be at a low rate, 62.5% of all the cases examined. By contrast, the increase of 5% or more of abnormal lymphocyte rates was observed at a high rate, 96.9% of the total cases. 3. Abnormal lymphocytes were found in all cases examined for lymph nodes biopsied. 4. From the cytomorphological point of view, leukotic cells were divided into 3 types: reticulum cell, lymphoid cell and monocytic cell types. The adult type leukotic cattle were divided with reticulum cell type (66.7%), the lymphoid cell type(22.6%) and monocytic cell type(6.7%). The thymic type was lymphoip cell type(72.7%) and reticulum cell type(27.3%). In the calf type, all were lymphoid cell type while all of the skin type were reticulum cell type only. 5. The leukotic cattle had higher NP frequency in the blood and lymphoid tissue than non-1 eukotic cattle. Especially the adult type had the highest NP frequency. However, it was not recognized that NP were characteristic of leukotic cattle alone. 6. The above findings lead to the conclusion that the most effective diagnostic methods for bovine leukosis are the confirmation of swelling of the superficial and internal lymph nodes and thymus in addition to appearance of abnormal neoplastic cell in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes biopsied.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2004

One of the major advantages of microsurgical reconstruction for defects of the hand is that these techniques allow for selection of the most ideal tissue to reconstruct a particular defect, thus optimizing the functional and aesthetic outcome. The dorsalis pedis free flap is an excellent reconstructive tool for various hand reconstructions. It has a reliable vasculature with vessels that are relative large on a long pedicle. It provides thin pliable tissue and be innervated by deep peroneal nerve. Coupled with its thinness and pliability, it is ideal for innervated cover of critically sensitive area, especially such as the hand. Thus it can be used as a cutaneotendinous flap, or an osteocutaneous flap. Otherwise, the major criticism with this flap is related to its uncertain vascularity and the donor defect. It is the purpose of this paper to outline our technique of flap elevation and donor site closure and to indicate our current use of this flap in hand reconstruction. We have treated 10 cases (6 burn scar contracture cases, 4 acute hand trauma cases) of hand reconstruction from Dec. 3, 1997 to Mar. 4, 2004 using dorsalis pedis free flap. The key points for sucess in terms of a viable flap and acceptable donor site are the preservation of the critical dorsalis pedis-first dorsal metatarsal vascular axis and the creation of a viable bed for grafting. In addition, we substituted preserved superficial fat skin graft for split thickness skin graft and wet environment was offered for good graft take. Preserved superficial fat skin is defined as composite graft containing epidermis, dermis and superficial fat layer. With sufficient care in flap elevation and donor site closure, a good graft take of preserved superficial fat skin under wet environment can be achieved with no functional disability and minimal cosmetic deformity in donor site. This flap has proved itself to be a best choice for hand reconstruction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.869-878
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• 1999

Intravesical instillation of the bacillus Calmentte-Gu$\acute{e}$rin(BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is an approved method for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Because BCG is a living organism, the potential for infection exists. BCG is generally well tolerated, with complications in less than 5% of those treated with use of current practices. The most frequent symptoms of toxicity associated with intravesical BCG immunotherapy include bladder irritation, frequency, and dysuria. Systemic reactions are less common but more serious than local side effects, and include fever, chills, malaise, rash, hepatitis, pneumonitis, arthritis and sepsis. In rare cases, BCG treatment can result in a systemic infection that requires antituberculous therapy. The pulmonary toxicity that results from intravesical BCG treatment is generally characterized by one of two types : systemic allergic reaction with pulmonary reticulonodular opacities depicted on chest radiographs with cellular findings consisting of activated lymphocytes, and actual BCG mycobacteremia with a miliary pattern depicted on chest radiographs and granuloma formation which rarely results in positive acid-fast stain or culture results. Recently we experienced two types of pulmonary complications following intravesical BCG immunotherapy in patients with superficial bladder cancer. We report two cases with a review of literatures.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2009

The medical information system is an effective medical diagnosis assistance system which offers an environment in which medial images and diagnosis information can be shared. However, this system can only stored and transmitted information without other functions. To resolve this problem and to enhance the efficiency of diagnostic activities, a medical image classification and retrieval system is necessary. The medical image classification and retrieval system can improve efficiency in a medical diagnosis by providing disease-related images and can be useful in various medical practices by checking diverse cases. However, it is difficult to understand the meanings contained in images because the existing image classification and retrieval system has handled superficial information only. Therefore, a medical image classification system which can classify medical images by analyzing the relation among the elements of the image as well as the superficial information has been required. In this paper, we propose the method for learning and classification of brain MRI, in which the superficial information as well as the spatial information extracted from images are used. The superficial information of images, which is color, shape, etc., is called low-level image information and the logical information of the image is called high-level image information. In extracting both low-level and high-level image information in this paper, the anatomical names and structure of the brain have been used. The low-level information is used to give an anatomical name in brain images and the high-level image information is extracted by analyzing the relation among the anatomical parts. Each information is used in learning and classification. In an experiment, the MRI of the brain including disease have been used.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1093-1097
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• 1992

Injury to the esophagus varies from a minor superficial tear to complete rupture of the esophageal wall. We have recently seen one healthy adult male who sustained submucosal dissection of the esophagus while endoscopy. The diagnosis has been made by esophagogram and chest computed tomogram. The therapy was conservative management and good prognosis without complications.