• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2006

The oral administration of extracts of young radishes cultivated with sulfur after intravenous tumor cell injection achieved a marked reduction of pulmonary colonization in mice. Treatment of the mice with extracts of young radish cultivated with sulfur did not show any increase in the number of CD8+ or NK T cells in the spleen, indicating no influence on host immunity. Sulforaphane, which could be a candidate for an active compound from young radishes cultivated with sulfur, inhibited cell growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells. In addition, extracts of the young radish cultivated with sulfur-fed group showed enhanced quinine reductase (QR) activities in the liver and lung and a slight increase of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver. These results suggested that the administration of extracts of young radishes cultivated with sulfur suppressed pulmonary tumorigenesis, possibly due to increased activity of detoxification enzymes in the liver and lung, and partly due to cell cytotoxicity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2003

브로콜리 중의 bioactive organosulfur phytochemicals를 분석하기 위해 브로콜리를 용매추출하여 GC/MSD에 의해 분리동정하였다. 브로콜리에 함유된 phytochemicals 중에서 isothiocyanate류가 40.42%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, glucosinolate분해산물인 nitrile류는 5.12%로 isothiocyanate류에 비해 적었고, sulfide류는 0.84%로 매우 적었다. 분리 동정된 isothiocyanate류의 종류로는 3-butenyl 4-methtlthiobutyl, 4-methrlthio -3- butenyl, 5- methylthiopentyl, 2- phenylethyl, 3-methylsulfinyl propyl 및 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate의 7종이었다. Isothiocyanate류 중에서 3-butenyl isothiocynate는 22.05%로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 sulforaphane 16.50%로 2종의 isothiocyanate가 대부분을 차지하였다. Nitrile의 종류는 4-methylthiobutyl, 5-methylthiopentyl, 2-phenylethyl 및 4-methylsulfinylbutyl nitrile의 6종류가 확인되었다. 한편, 동정된 sulfide종류로는 dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide 및 dimethyl tetrasulfide이었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.540-552
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• 2019

To determine the chemopreventive potential of alyssin and iberin, the in vitro anticancer activities and molecular targets of isothiocyanates (ITCs) were measured and compared to sulforaphane in hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2. The SR-FTIR spectra observed a similar pattern vis-a-vis the biomolecular alteration amongst the ITCs-treated cells suggesting a similar mode of action. All of the ITCs in this study cause cancer cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in concentration dependent manner ($20-80{\mu}M$). We found no interactions of any of the ITCs studied with DNA. Notwithstanding, all of the ITCs studied increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed tubulin polymerization, which led to cell-cycle arrest in the S and $G_2/M$ phase. Alyssin possessed the most potent anticancer ability; possibly due to its ability to increase intracellular ROS rather than tubulin depolymerization. Nevertheless, the structural influence of alkyl chain length on anticancer capabilities of ITCs remains inconclusive. The results of this study indicate an optional, potent ITC (viz., alyssin) because of its underlying mechanisms against hepatic cancer. As a consequence, further selection and development of effective chemotherapeutic ITCs is recommended.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

Many natural products elicit diverse pharmacological effects. Using two classes of potential chemopreventive compounds, the phenolic compounds and the isothiocyanates, we review the potential utility of two signaling events, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the ICE/Ced-3 proteases (caspases) stimulated by these agents in mammalian cell lines. Studies with phenolic antioxidants (BHA, tBHQ), and natural products (flavonoids; EGCG, ECG, and isothiocyanates; PEITC, sulforaphane), provided important insights into the signaling pathways induced by these compounds. At low concentrations, these chemicals may activate the MAPK (ERK2, JNK1, p38) leading to gene expression of survival genes (c-Fos, c-Jun) and defensive genes (Phase II detoxifying enzymes; GST, QR) resulting in survival and protective mechanisms (homeostasis response). Increasing the concentrations of these compounds will additionally activate the caspase pathway, leading to apoptosis (potential cytotoxicity). Further increment to suprapharmacological concentrations will lead to nonspecific necrotic cell death. The wider and narrow concentration ranges between the activation of MAPK/gene induction and caspases/cell death exhibited by phenolic compounds and isothiocyanates, respectively, in mammalian cells, may reflect their respective therapeutic windows in vivo. Consequently, the studies of signaling pathways elicited by natural products will advance our understanding of their efficacy and safety, of which many man become important therapeuitc drugs of the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 1999

To utilize the leaves of broccoli, the shape of which was similar with that of kale leaves, as a vegetable juice, the extracts from two types of vegetable leaves were subjected to the analyses of proximate com ponents, volatile sulfur compounds, vitamin C and minerals. The sensory evaluation of the juices, prepared from kale and broccoli leaves, were performed by duo trio test and scoring test. Among eight varieties of broccoli, four varieties('Pilgrim', 'Greenbelt', 'Salinas' and 'Shasta')were not significantly different from kale(p<0.05), based on the duo trio sensory test. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in the dichloromethane extracts of kale and broccoli leaves 'Pilgrim' were identified as 3 butenyl, allyl, butyl and 4 methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate(sulforaphane), 4,5 epithiovalero, 4,5 epithio 3 hydroxyvalero, benzenepropane, 3 hydroxy 4 propene, 4 methylthio butane, 3 hydroxy 3 phenylpropane, 5 methy lsulfinylpentane, 4 methoxyphenyl 3 hydroxypropane nitrile and dimethyl trisulfide by GC/MSD analysis. Proximate components were observed to be relatively similar between kale and broccoli leaves. Vitamin C and sugar content were higher in broccoli leaves(125∼180mg% and 8∼12°Brix) than in kale(101mg% and 7oBrix). In mineral analysis by AA and ICP Mass, 'Pilgrim' showed a higher content of K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se. In separate experiment, sensory scores of bitter taste and astringent taste were lower and scores of over all taste and over all acceptability, higher in broccoli('1243') juice than those in kale juice.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2010년도 정기총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.3-3
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• 2010

소나무에서 추출해낸 천연유기유황(Natural Sulfur)의 의학적 가치는 1972년 Jacob 박사와 Herschler 박사가 오래곤 과학대학에서 천연식이유황(Natural Sulfur/MSM)을 가지고 표피조직에 미치는 영향을 구명하면서 keratin 단백질에 대한 연구가 활성화 되기 시작하였다. 세포내 골격물질은 크게 형태와 조성에 따라서 actin microfilament, microtubule, 그리고 intermediate filament(IF)로 구분된다. keratin의 특성은 keratin intermediate family중에서 K17 IF가 새로운 기능을 나타내는데 피부세포의 성장에 핵심적인 조절 역할을 한다는 사실이 밝혀 지면서 Dr. Pierre A. Coulombe(The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)연구실은 브로컬리와 같은 십자화과 식물 등에 과량 존재하는 항산화 및 항암물질인 sulforaphane이 K17의 발현을 특이적으로 증가시킨다는 것을 알아내어 피부박리와 같은 피부손상을 기능적으로 복구시킬수 있음을 확인하였다. 현재는 수포성 표피박리증 환자군의 많은 부분을 차지하는 K14 돌연변이와 동일한 유전적 변형을 일으킨 생쥐모델을 이용한 약물 효과 검증과 전 임상단계의 인체실험을 함께 진행중에 있다. Mark E. Van Dyke 박사(Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Center)는 인간의 머리털에서 유래된 keratin으로 외상에 의한 신경 절단이나 압좌(압박손상)는 현재 다른 부위의 신경을 잘라 이식하거나 절단된 신경 양끝을 인공도관(conduit)으로 연결해 신경재생을 유도하는 미세수술을 시행하게 되는데, 신경재생을 유도하는 도관에 keratin을 주입하면 신경이식과 맞먹는 신경재생 성공률을 기대할 수 있다고 하였다. 앞으로는 동물성 keratin뿐만 아니라 식물성 keratin도 함께 연구할 필요가 있다. 동물성 keratin의 농업적 이용은 가금류 깃털의 keratin을 축출하여 친환경 육묘용 용기를 만드는데 있다. 이 용기는 자연조건에서 생분해될 수 있는 특성을 갖고 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 인천광역시 강화군의 특화작물을 이용한 기능성 소재를 개발하기 위해 순무 캘러스를 배양하고 열수, 초음파 그리고 에탄올 추출하여 생리활성을 평가하였다. 순무 캘러스의 열수, 초음파 그리고 에탄올 추출물에서 DPPH radical소거활성이 대조군에 비해 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 순무 캘러스 에탄올 추출물의 수렴효과는 열수 및 초음파 추출물보다 높게 나타났다. 콜라겐 생합성량을 측정한 결과 순무 캘러스 에탄올 추출물의 5 ppm과 10 ppm 농도에서 59%와 78%의 주름개선 효과를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 순무 캘러스의 열수, 초음파 그리고 에탄올 추출물이 천연 항산화 소재로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료되며 특히, 에탄올 추출물은 수렴효과와 주름개선 효과가 뛰어나 기능성 화장품 천연소재로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2022

The applicability of Brussels sprouts, which are widely cultivated in Jeju, as a functional biomaterial in the cosmetics and food industries is investigated. The active ingredients (total phenols and flavonoids, β-carotene, vitamin C, free sugar, minerals, glucosinolates, and isothiocyanates) and antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts of Brussels sprouts and cabbage were analyzed. The total phenol, flavonoid, vitamin C, and β-carotene contents of Brussels sprouts were approximately 36%, 2.5 times, 2.3 times, and 65% higher than those of cabbage, respectively. The total free sugar content of Brussels sprouts was 58%-72% lower than that of cabbage. The K content was the highest among the other minerals, and there was little difference between the two samples. The Na content was approximately three times higher in cabbage than in Brussels sprouts. The total glucosinolate content of Brussels sprouts was 34.5 mol SE/g DW, twice that of cabbage. The sinigrin content of Brussels sprouts was thrice (10.06 μmol/g DW) that of cabbage. The isothiocyanate (sulforaphane, I3C) content in Brussels sprouts was double that of cabbage. The antioxidant activity of Brussels sprout extract was 2.5 to 2.8 times higher in 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and 3.3 to 3.6 times higher in 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity than those of cabbage extract. These are important basic data for the study of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, which have anticancer activity, as well as antioxidant-related substances of Brussels sprout, which has high potential for use as a biomaterial in functional foods and cosmetics.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2010

무 13종을 고도가 다른 3지역(강릉-해발5m, 진부-해발550m, 대관령-해발 750m)에서 재배하여 설포라판함량, 총페놀함량, 항산화성을 조사하였다. 설포라판함량은 재배지역과 품종에 따라 0.1-$120.5{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$의 큰 차이가 있었으며 재배지역($P{\leq}0.001$), 품종($P{\leq}0.001$), 그리고 두 요소의 교호작용($P{\leq}0.01$)에 의해 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 대관령에서 재배된 무 품종들은 다른 두 지역보다 설포라판함량이 높았으며, 품종들 중에는 검정무(근부, $107.8{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$)와 푸른무(엽부, $120.5{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$)가 가장 높았다. 총페놀함량은 근부의 경우 품종별($P{\leq}0.001$) 큰 차이가 있었으며, 품종 및 지대의 교호작용($P{\leq}0.01$)에 의해서도 영향을 받았으나, 지역에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었다. 엽에서는 근부와 달리 지역($P{\leq}0.01$)에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 품종별($P{\leq}0.001$) 그리고 지대와 품종의 교호작용($P{\leq}0.001$)에 의해서도 영향을 받았다. 전자공여능으로 분석한 항산화능은 재배지대와 품종, 그리고 두 요소의 교호작용에 의해 차이가 났다. 한편, 주요 시식부위인 무의 근부에서 총페놀함량과 항산화능의 상관성은 매우 높은 정의 상관(Pearson's r=0.897)을 보였으나 설포라판과 총페놀함량 및 설포라판과 항산화능은 상관성이 낮았다. 본 연구에서 무는 일반식품뿐만 아니라 기능성 식품의 원료로도 가치가 있음이 확인되었다. 또한, 건강기능성을 목적으로 한 무의 생산을 위해서는 품종과 재배지대의 선택이 중요하며, 지대가 높은 고랭지가 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2005

Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is known as a key regulator of ARE-mediated gene expression and the induction of Phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes, which is also a common property of many chemopreventive agents. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory role of different chemopreventive agents including sulforaphane (SUL), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), indole-3-carbinol (I3C), and parthenolide (PTL), in the expression and degradation of Nrf2 and the induction of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1. SUL strongly induced Nrf2 protein expression and ARE-mediated transcription activation, retarded degradation of Nrf2 through inhibiting Keap1, and thereby activating the transcriptional expression of HO-1. AITC was also a potent inducer of Nrf2 protein expression, ARE-reporter gene and HO-1 but had little effect on delaying the degradation of Nrf2 protein. Although PTL and I3C could induce ARE reporter gene expression and Nrf2 to some extent, they were not as potent as SUL and AITC. However, PTL dramatically induced the HO-1 expression, which was comparable to SUL, while I3C had no effect. In addition, when treated with SUL and PTL, inhibition of proteasome by MG132 did not cause additional accumulation of Nrf2, suggesting the involvement of other degradation mechanism(s) in the presence of these compounds such as SUL and PTL. In summary, the results of our current study indicated that different chemopreventive compounds have different regulatory properties on the accumulation and degradation of Nrf2 as well as the induction of cellular antioxidant enzyme HO-1.