• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2007

Nutrients and hormone levels of dried pig placenta were studied. Placentas were freeze-dried (FD), oven-dried at 60 (OD-60), and 90$^{\circ}C$ (OD-90) and then crushed by a blender into small pieces. FD and OD-60 pig placenta had a higher moisture content than did OD-90, with no difference between FD and OD-60. There were no large differences in compositions of crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash of dried placenta among the treatments and the contents of K, Fe, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were highest in FD (p<0.05). Glutamine and glycine were the most abundant amino acids in all dried placenta and tyrosine was highly retained in FD placenta, compared with OD (p<0.05). Estradiol was the major sex hormone, followed by progesterone and testosterone in all dried placentas. Antibiotics including amoxicillin, sulfamethazine, tylosin, and chlorotetracyclin were not detected from the pig placentas tested. These results demonstrate that placenta is a good biomaterial with high nutritional quality, and that freeze drying is superior to oven drying for processing pig placenta.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2015

Adverse effect of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) released into environment has been issued recently and concerns about analysis and management for VAs in the environment were increased. Main objective of this research was to calculate predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of the VAs in soil based on avaiable statistical data and result of previous study such as consumption rate and physiological properties of VAs. Total of 5 VAs, Chlortetracycline (CTC), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Sulfadimethoxine (SDX), Sulfamethazine (SMT), and Tylosin (TYL) were examined. Result showed that calculated PEC value in manure and soil was ordered as SMT > TYL > SDX > CTC > OTC. Range of calculated value for manure and soil was 0.50-67.04 and $0.48-64.45mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. Comparing to measured concentration of VAs in manure and soil, lower concentration of VAs in manure and soil was evaluated due to fate and degradation of VAs in manure and soil. Overall, evaluated simple modeling for calculating PEC of VAs in manure and soil can be adapted for preliminary screening purpose in environmental risk assessment and more refined modeling is necessary to examine detailed assessment of VAs in manure and soil.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.379-383
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• 1998

This survey was carried out to determine 5 residual sulfonamides(sulfamerazine : SMR, sulfamethazine : SMT, sulfamonomethoxine : SMM:, sulfadimethoxine : SDM, sulfaquinoxaline : SQX) in muscle of mouse. For this investigation, pertaining detection wavelength, residual levels and residual times in muscle of mouse were summarized as follows ; 1. Pertaining detection wavelength of 5 residual sulfonamides(SMR, SMT, SMM, SDM, SQX) was 270nm by HPLC/UV detection. 2. After 1 day put a stop to sulfonamides administration, residual levels was 1∼l.5ppm, but were not detected at day 7 3. Withdrawal time of 5 sulfonamides were about 7 days suspectly.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1999

This test process on screening method for the detection of residual antibiotics in milk is simple, economic, sensitive to residual antibiotics and was given approval international organs. Thus, this study was carried out the comparison of Disk assay method and TTC-II method for sensitivity and minimum detectable range of antibiotics in raw milk. The results of this study was summarized as follows ; 1. The number of samples requested for treatment of mastitis was 198 samples. Comparison or analytical results among the methods of TTC-II, disk assay and Delve sp was that TTC-II 37 samples(18.6% ), Disk assay 125samples(63.1%), Delve SP 130 samples(65.7% ) reacted positively. Conformity rate of Delve SP and Disk assay was 70%. 2. Detectable limits of disk assay method in some antibiotics were more sensitive than those of official method(0.05-0.0025ppm in the $\beta$-lactams, 1ppm in two aminoglycoside, 0.2 ppm in one tetracycline, similar in one macrolide) 3. For sensitivity of residual sulfonamides TTC-II was much more sensitive than disk assay. Detectable limits of sulfamethazine and sulfadimethoxine were 30 to 50ppm levels. 4. The best medium preservation period is 1-2 days. 5. Concentration of brome cresol purple related to resistance for B stearothermophilus culture was 24ppm/ml. These results show that disk assay method for screening detection of antibiotics residuces in milk is worthy of use.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the antibiotic residues in the muscles of cattle and pigs from slaughter-houses in Seoul from 2000 to 2002 by EEC-4-plate, Charm II and HPLC methods. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Residual materials were detected from 41 samples(0.6%) by EEC-4-plate method from random sampling and 38 samples(12%) by Charm II method from directed sampling. 2. Violation rates were 0.3% by monitoring and 4.7% by surveillance program. 3. The 35 samples were classified as tetracyclines 30(86%), sulfonamides 4(11%), ${\beta}$-lactams 1(3%) and two samples simultaneously determined oxyteracycline plus sulfadimetoxine, and sulfamerazine plus sulfadimetoxine. 4. The highest residual concentration(ppm) of chlortetracycline, oxytetracyline, sulfamethazine, sufadimetoxine and penicillin were 0.5, 12.0, 6.4, 2.6 and 0.44, respectively.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.205-214
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• 1993

The monoclonal antibody to chloramphenicol(CAP) was produced to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for residual CAP. An immunogen(CAP-BSA) was prepared by immunogen, antibody titer was measured by indirect ELISA. Spleen cells form the immunized mouse were fused with SP2/OAg14 myeloma cells. Among hybridomas selected in HAT media, 6 clones shown high antibody titer to CAP were subjected to cloning by limit dilution, and all of the monoclonal antibodies(MCA1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9) produced by each clone were identified as IgG1 by ELISA isotyping analysis. Competitive ELISA condition was established by using the purified monoclonal antibody MCA1 as primary antibody and CAP-HSA conjugate as coating antigen. Standard curve of CAP(n=28) showed that the lowest detection limit of CAP is 20ng/ml level. The cross-reactivities of the 6 monoclonal antibodies showed that CAP sodium succinate. CAP base, P-nitrophenol, and p-nitrobenzyl alcohol were 89∼178, 0.050∼2.237, 0.056∼0.794 and 0.013∼7.939%, respectively. No cross-reactivities were observed with phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamine, thiamphenicol, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, chlortetracycline and p-aminobenzoic acid.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2018

In this study, conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) for determination of some antibiotics such as trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azythromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, chlortetracycline, sulfamethoxazole in wastewaters were optimized. After the optimum volume and pH of the sample were determined, the effect of the concentration of the compounds and matrix were investigated. The highest recovery rates for antibiotic compounds were determined between 82% and 105% in 200 mL sample volume and pH 2.5. Then, antibiotic compounds were investigated in influent and effluent samples taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. The concentration of the antibiotics was detected range of 0.11-101 ng/L in influent waters and

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 쇠고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기 중에 잔류하는 설파메라진(SMR), 설파메타진(SMT), 설파모노메톡신(SMMX), 설파디메톡신(SDMX), 설파퀴녹살린(SQX), 후라졸리돈(FZ), 죠렌(ZOL) , 에토파베이트 (EPB)등 합성항균제 8종에 대한 신속하고 간편한 동시분석 방법을 검토하였다. 동시분석파장으로 270nm, 이동상 용매로는 0.05M Oxalic acid : Acetonitile(22: 78), 시료 추출용매로 물과 디클로로메탄을 사용하였고 세정과정은 헥산/물. 물/디클로로메탄 분배를 이용하였다. 각 시료에 합성항균제 표준용액을 첨가하고 위의 과정을 거친 최종 추출액을 HPLCdp 주입하여 나타난 각 합성항균제의 분리는 좋았고, 각 시료에서의 대상 합성항균제들의 회수율은 쇠고기에서 74~99%, 돼지고기에서 73~99% 닭에서 75~96%로 나타났다. 검출한계는 SMR, SMT, SMMX, SDMX, EPB에서 5 ppb, SQX, FZ, ZOL에서 8ppb로 나타났으며 각 합성 항균제들의 흡수파장시험 및 pH 변화에 의한 피크분리실험에서 실제 업무수행 중에 검출된 약제를 다른 장비를 사용하지 않고 단지 HPLC만으로도 확인이 가능하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2002

In order to know the depletive changes of sulfadimethoxine and oxytetracycline residues in se겨m of dairy cattle intramusculally administered with sulfadimethoxine sodium(SDS) and oxytetracycline(OTC), the concentration of sulfadimethoxine and oxyteracycline was measured in serum of dairy cattle with using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). SDS and OTC was intramuscularlly administrated to dairy cattle at the rate of 10mg/kg(SDS) and 10mg/kg(OTC) body weight(recommended therapeutic dose) once to four dairy cattle. There were investigated the depletive changes of the sulfadimethoxine and oxytetracycline in serum of dairy cattle at the time 2, 4, 8 hours, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day after administration SMS and OTC, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. After intramuscularlly administration of the SMS, the mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in serum according to the time lapsed were showed 33.964 $\pm$ 4.435ppm at the 4 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfadimethoxine sodium. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the concentrations of sulfadimethoxine residues in serum were significantly (p<.05) decreased 6.596 $\pm$ 3.402 ppm at 1st day, 0.217 $\pm$ 0.119 ppm at 3rd day and 0.057 $\pm$ 0.032 ppm at 4th day, respectively. 2. The mean residual concentration of OTC in serum according to the time lapsed after intramuscularly administration OTC were showed 0.743 $\pm$ 0.368ppm at the 8 hours. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the mean concentrations of OTC residues in serum of dairy cattle were significantly(p<.05) decreased such as 0.057 $\pm$ 0.047ppm at 3rd day and 0.039 $\pm$ 0.016ppm at the 5th day, respectively. In conclusion, this study could be suggested the relationship between administrated period, sulfonamides and tetracycline residual aspects in serum, and the importance of observing ceasing period of antibiotic drugs before forwarding livestocks to slaughter, Thus, this results would be able to be used the basic index for prevention of sulfonamides and tetracycline residues in dairy breedings.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1995

Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride(TCC) reduction test is simple and sensitive to some residual antibiotics (especially to penicillin) in milk, but comparatively insensible to sulfo-namides. The volumn of sample is also large. Thus this study was undertaken to increase the detectable level of sulfonamides in raw milk. In this study, we used small transparent plastic hole and pulp disc instead of 10m1 test tube and made test medium in which was added 0.08%TTC, 0.3% agar, 10% skim milk, approximately $10^6$ CFU/ml streptococcus thermophilus and 5ppm Trimethoprim to enhance the sensitivity for sulfonamides The results of TCC reduction test by disc plate method were summarized as follows : 1. sensitivity to residual sulfonamides were much higher than official TCC reduction test. Detectable limites of sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfathiazole, sulfachloropy-ridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamononethoxine, sulfadiazine and sulfaquinoxaline were 0.1-0.5ppm levels. 2. Detectable limites to some antibiotics were simillar or good than that of official method as 0.005-0.1ppm to three ${\beta}$ -lactams, 0.25-0.5ppm to one macrolide, 2-10ppm to three aminoglycosides, 0.2-0.5ppm to three tetracycline, 0.1-0.5ppm to chloramphenicol. 3. Only 0.1ml of milk was needed to test and the test medium could be stored appnoximatly 7days in the refrigerator. So test procedure was convenient than offcial method. 4. These results suggest that disc plate method is more useful to detect bacterial growth inhibition substances including sulfonamides in raw milk.