• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.229.2-229.2
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• 2005

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.379-390
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to survey the ability of nurses to perform endotracheal suction to provide basic data on correct endotracheal suction. The participants in this study were 181 intensive care unit nurses in two university hospitals and one general hospital located in Daegu, one university hospital and two general hospitals located in Pohang, one university hospital located in Gyeongju. These data were collected from February 1, 2001 to March 10, 2001 using self reported questionnaires. The study instrument, which was developed by these investigators, included questions on general characteristics and performance of endotracheal suction. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Of the Participants 71.3% recognized correct endotracheal suctioning and 23.2% did not. 2. The greatest number, 57.5%, acquired knowledge about endotracheal suctioning at conferences on practice or education for staff. 3 There were significant differences in scores on performance of endotracheal suction according to department (F=2.60, P=.05) and hospitals (F=3.24, p=.01) among the general characteristics. 4. Slightly less than half of the participants, 47.8%, averaged correct scores for endotracheal suctioning procedures. Ventilator $O_2$ supply had the highest score (84.0%), normal saline exchange time, the lowest (14.4%) From the results, we suggest that education is needed to increase the knowledge and correct performance of endotracheal suction. Further study including direct observation of Performance of endotracheal suction is also needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.28-33
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• 2006

Shallow failures of slopes in weathered soils are caused by infiltration due to prolonged rainfall. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting band accompanied by a decrease in suction induced by the water infiltration. In this paper, hysteresis on soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC) of granite and gneiss weathered soils are investigated using transient flow analysis respectively. Each case was subjected to artificial rainfall intensities and time duration depending on the laboratory-based drying and wetting processes. The results show that the unsaturated seepage on weathered slopes are very much affected by the initial suction of soils and unsaturated permeability of the soils. In addition, a granite weathered soil has a lower air-entry value, residual matric suction, and wetting front suction and less hysteresis loop than a gneiss weathered soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.743-749
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• 2009

In this study, the field test for suction drain method which does not require a surcharge load and a sealing sheet was performed at west seashore's site constructed by the dredged and reclaimed clay. The improvements of soft ground by suction drain method was analyzed by the results of real-time field measurement, SPT(Standard Penetration Test) and laboratory tests. The results indicated that the soft ground improvement is effective the vertical drain method used with vacuum pressure rather than surcharge load with considering settlements, dissipation of pore water pressure and shear strength.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

Purpose : The present study was designed to provide basic data for advanced pre-hospital airway management by comparing the insertion time and success rate between laryngeal tube suction II (LTS II) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in a manikin. Methods : A total of 32 participants were novice users to both of devices among paramedic students. After taking the introductory lecture and demonstrations, the participants made an attempt to insert the LTS II and LMA to compare the insertion time and success rate. They marked the easiness of insertion of the score ranged from 1 to 10 score scale and preference of the two devices. Results : The insertion time of the LTS II was significantly shorter than that of the LMA (p =.000). There was no significant difference between LTS II and LMA in the success rate. In the easiness of insertion, the score of LTS II $(8.47{\pm}1.41score)$ was significantly higher than that of LMA $(7.19{\pm}1.98score)$(p =.001). The preference of LTS II (75%) was much higher than that of LMA (25%). Conclusion : The manikin study data showed that the LTS II may be a good alternative airway device for providing and maintaining a patent airway.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.71-78
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• 2010

The stability analysis of unsaturated infinite slope under rainfall-induced infiltration condition was performed using the generalized effective stress that unifies both saturated and unsaturated condition recently proposed by Lu and Likos(2004, 2006). The Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) of the sand with the relative density of 75% was first measured for both drying and wetting processes. The Hydraulic Conductivity Function (HCF) and Suction Stress Characteristic Curve (SSCC) were subsequently estimated. Also, under the rainfall-induced infiltration condition transient seepage analysis of unsaturated infinite slope was performed using the finite element program, SEEP/W. Based on these results, the stability of unsaturated infinite slope under rainfall-induced infiltration condition was examined considering the suction stress. According to the results, the negative pore water pressure and water content within the soil changed with time due to the infiltration. Also, the variation of those caused the variation of suction stress and then the factor of safety of slope changed consequently during the rainfall period.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Numerical stability analysis of an unsaturated infinite slope under rainfall-induced infiltration conditions was performed using generalized effective stress to unify both saturated and unsaturated conditions The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of sand with a relative density of 75% was initially measured for both drying and wetting processes. The hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) and suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC) were subsequently estimated. Under the rainfall-induced infiltration conditions, transient seepage analysis of an unsaturated infinite slope was performed using the finite element analysis program, SEEP/W. Based on these results, the stability of an unsaturated infinite slope under rainfall-induced infiltration conditions was examined in relation to suction stress. According to the results, the negative pore-water pressure and water content within the slope soil changed over time due to the infiltration. In addition, the variation of the negative pore-water pressure and water content led to a variation in suction stress and a subsequent change in the slope's factor of safety during the rainfall period.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.533-546
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• 2020

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to study the effects of steady slot suction on the aerodynamic forces of and flow around a wall-mounted finite-length square cylinder. The aspect ratio H/d of the tested cylinder is 5, where H and d are the cylinder height and width, respectively. The Reynolds number based on free-stream oncoming flow velocity U_∞ and d is 2.78×10⁴. The suction slot locates near the leading edge of the free end, with a width of 0.025d and a length of 0.9d. The suction coefficient Q (= U_s/U_∞) is varied as Q = 0, 1 and 3, where U_s is the velocity at the entrance of the suction slot. It is found that the free-end steady slot suction can effectively suppress the aerodynamic forces of the model. The maximum reduction of aerodynamic forces occurs at Q = 1, with the time-mean drag, fluctuating drag, and fluctuating lift reduced by 3.75%, 19.08%, 40.91%, respectively. For Q = 3, all aerodynamic forces are still smaller than those for Q = 0 (uncontrolled case), but obviously higher than those for Q = 1. The involved control mechanism is successfully revealed, based on the comparison of the flow around cylinder free end and the near wake for the three tested Q values.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.27-37
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• 2011

A series of centrifuge model tests to investigate the suction pile pullout loading capacity in sand have been performed. The main parameters that affect the pullout loading capacity of a suction pile include the mooring line inclination angle and the padeye position of the suction pile. With respect to the padeye position, the maximum pullout loading capacity is obtained when the padeye position is near 75% of the pile length from the top. The direction of the pile rotation changes when the padeye position reaches somewhere near 50~75% for all mooring line inclination angles. The translation displacement of suction pile to develop the time of maximum pullout loading capacity decreased as the mooring line inclination angle increased. In addition, the vertical displacements of the center of a suction piles for all cases appeared to develop toward the ground surface.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6C
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• pp.287-294
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• 2009

Suction Drain Method is a relatively new technique to improve soft ground using vacuum pressure which can be directly applied to the soft ground through drains that the pore water pressure around them are decreased without changing total stress. This can accelerate volume changes and increase strength of the ground. This paper shows the results of field test of the suction drain method applied at dredged and reclaimed clay. To evaluate the improvement effects of soft ground by the suction drain method, this paper analyzed real-time field measurements to the results of the laboratory tests and numerical analysis. The comparisons of the settlement and shear strength between suction drain method and surcharge preloading method show possibilities for replacement of the preloading methods. The settlements by suction drain method were 2.3 times larger and undrained shear strength were 300%~400% higher than surcharge method. Moreover, the water content is decreased about 30% and the preconsolidation pressure is increased about $0.52kgf/cm^2$.