Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Large Eddy Simulation of the flow around a finite-length square cylinder with free-end slot suction

  • Wang, Hanfeng (School of Civil Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Zeng, Lingwei (School of Civil Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Alam, Md. Mahbub (Institute for Turbulence-Noise-Vibration Interaction and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)) ;
  • Guo, Wei (School of Civil Engineering, Central South University)
  • Received : 2019.10.22
  • Accepted : 2020.01.05
  • Published : 2020.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to study the effects of steady slot suction on the aerodynamic forces of and flow around a wall-mounted finite-length square cylinder. The aspect ratio H/d of the tested cylinder is 5, where H and d are the cylinder height and width, respectively. The Reynolds number based on free-stream oncoming flow velocity U∞ and d is 2.78×104. The suction slot locates near the leading edge of the free end, with a width of 0.025d and a length of 0.9d. The suction coefficient Q (= Us/U∞) is varied as Q = 0, 1 and 3, where Us is the velocity at the entrance of the suction slot. It is found that the free-end steady slot suction can effectively suppress the aerodynamic forces of the model. The maximum reduction of aerodynamic forces occurs at Q = 1, with the time-mean drag, fluctuating drag, and fluctuating lift reduced by 3.75%, 19.08%, 40.91%, respectively. For Q = 3, all aerodynamic forces are still smaller than those for Q = 0 (uncontrolled case), but obviously higher than those for Q = 1. The involved control mechanism is successfully revealed, based on the comparison of the flow around cylinder free end and the near wake for the three tested Q values.

Keywords

References

  1. Alam, M.M., Zhou, Y., Zhao, J.M., Flamand O. and Boujard, O. (2010), "Classification of the tripped cylinder wake and bi-stable phenomenon", Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 31(4), 545-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.02.018.
  2. Bai, H.L. and Alam, M.M. (2018), "Dependence of square cylinder wake on Reynolds Number", Phys. Fluids, 30, 015102, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4996945.
  3. Bhatt, R. and Alam, M.M. (2018), "Vibration of a square cylinder submerged in a wake", J. Fluid Mech., 853, 301-332. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.573.
  4. Bourgeois, J.A., Noack, B.R. and Martinuzzi, R.J. (2013), "Generalized phase average with applications to sensor-based flow estimation of the wall-mounted square cylinder wake", J. Fluid Mech., 736, 316-350. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.494.
  5. Bourgeois, J.A., Sattari, P. and Martinuzzi, R.J. (2011), "Alternating half-loop shedding in the turbulent wake of a finite surface-mounted square cylinder with a thin boundary layer", Phys. Fluids, 23(9), 95101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3623463.
  6. Bourgeois, J.A., Sattari, P. and Martinuzzi, R.J. (2012), "Coherent vortical and straining structures in the finite wall-mounted square cylinder", Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 35, 130-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2012.01.009.
  7. Cao, Y., Tamura, T. and Kawai, H. (2019), "Investigation of wall pressures and surface flow patterns on a wall-mounted square cylinder using very high-resolution Cartesian mesh", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 188, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.02.013.
  8. Carassale, L., Freda, A. and Michela, M.B. (2014), "Experimental investigation on the aerodynamic behavior of square cylinders with rounded corners", J. Fluids Struct., 44, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.10.010.
  9. Chen, H.L., Dai, S.S., Jia, L. and Yao, X.L. (2009), "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder based on LES method", J. Marine Sci. Appli., 8(2), 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-009-8110-4.
  10. Choi, H.C., Jeon, W.P. and Kim, J.S. (2008), "Control of flow over a bluff body", Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 40, 113-139. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.050905.110149.
  11. Derakhshandeh, J.F. and Alam, M.M. (2019), "A review of bluff body wakes", Ocean Eng., 182, 475-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.04.093
  12. Dutton, R. (1990), "Reduction of tall building motion by aerodynamic treatments", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 36(Part 2), 739-744. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90071-J.
  13. Gu, M. and Quan, Y. (2004), "Across-wind loads of typical tall buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92, 1147-1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.06.004.
  14. Kawai, H. (1998), "Effect of corner modifications on aeroelastic instabilities of tall buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 74-76(1), 719-729. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00065-8.
  15. Kawai, H., Okuda, Y. and Ohashi, M. (2012), "Near wake structure behind a 3D square prism with the aspect ratio of 2.7 in a shallow boundary layer flow", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 104-106, 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.04.019.
  16. Kim, Y.C., Bandi, E.K., Yoshida, A. and Tamura, Y. (2015), "Response characteristics of super-tall buildings - Effects of number of sides and helical angle", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 145, 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.07.001.
  17. Kindree, M.G., Shahroodi, M. and Martinuzzi, R.J. (2018) "Low-frequency dynamics in the turbulent wake of cantilevered square and circular cylinders protruding a thin laminar boundary layer", Experim. Fluids, 59, 186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-018-2641-x.
  18. Kotapati, R.B., Mittal, R. and Cattafesta Iii, L.N. (2007), "Numerical study of a transitional synthetic jet in quiescent external flow", J. Fluid Mech., 581, 287-231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112007005642
  19. Krajnovic, S. (2011), "Flow around a tall finite cylinder explored by large eddy simulation", J. Fluid Mech., 676(10), 294-317. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112011000450.
  20. Krajnovic, S. and Davidson L. (2002), "Large-Eddy Simulation of the flow around a bluff body", AIAA J., 40(5), 927-936. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.1729.
  21. Lee, B.E. (1975), "The effect of turbulence on the surface pressure field of a square prism", J. Fluid Mech., 69(2), 263-282. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112075001437.
  22. Li, Y., Xiang, T., Kong, F.T., Qiu, S. L. and Yong, G.L. (2018), "Aerodynamic treatments for reduction of wind loads on high-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 172, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.11.006.
  23. Li, Z.J., Navon, I.M., Hussaini, M.Y. and Le Dimet, F.X. (2003), "Optimal control of cylinder wakes via suction and blowing", Comput. Fluids, 32(2), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7930(02)00007-5.
  24. Lilly, D.K. (1992), "A proposed modification of the Germano subgrid-scale closure method", Phys. Fluids, 4(3), 633-635. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.858280.
  25. McClean, J.F. and Sumner, D. (2014), "An experimental investigation of aspect ratio and incidence angle effects for the flow around surface-mounted finite-height square prisms", J. Fluids Eng., 136(8), 081206. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027138.
  26. Menicovich, D., Lander, D., Vollen, J., Amitay, M., letchford, C. and Dyson, A. (2014), "Improving aerodynamic performance of tall buildings using Fluid based Aerodynamic Modification", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 133, 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.08.011.
  27. Mooneghi, M.A. and Kargarmoakhar, R. (2016) "Aerodynamic mitigation and shape optimization of buildings: Review", J. Build. Eng., 6, 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.01.009.
  28. Noda, H. and Nakayama, A. (2003), "Free-stream turbulence effects on the instantaneous pressure and forces on cylinders of rectangular cross section", Experim. Fluids, 34, 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-002-0562-0.
  29. Okamoto, S. and Sunabashiri, Y. (1992), "Vortex shedding from a circular cylinder of finite length placed on a ground plane", J. Fluids Eng., 114(4), 512-521. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2910062.
  30. Park, C.W. and Lee, S.J. (2000), "Free end effects on the near wake flow structure behind a finite circular cylinder", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 88, 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(00)00051-9.
  31. Park, C.W. and Lee, S.J. (2004), "Effects of free-end corner shape on flow structure around a finite cylinder". J. Fluids Struct., 19(2), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2003.12.001.
  32. Pattenden, R.J., Turnock, S.R. and Zhang, X. (2005), "Measurements of the flow over a low-aspect-ratio cylinder mounted on a ground plane", Experim. Fluids, 39, 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0949-9.
  33. Peng, S., Wang, H.F., Zeng, L.W. and He, X.H. (2019), "Low-frequency dynamics of the flow around a finite-length square cylinder", Experim. Therm. Fluid Sci., 109, 109877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.109877.
  34. Porteous, R., Moreau, D.J. and Doolan, C.J. (2014), "A review of flow induced noise from finite wall-mounted cylinders", J. Fluids Struct., 51, 240-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2014.08.012.
  35. Porteous, R., Moreau, D.J. and Doolan, C.J. (2017), "The aeroacoustics of finite wall-mounted square cylinders", J. Fluid Mech., 832(10), 287-328. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.682.
  36. Quan, Y. and Gu, M. (2012), "Across-wind equivalent static wind loads and responses of super-high-rise buildings", Advan. Struct. Eng., 15(12), 2145-2155. https://doi.org/10.1260%2F1369-4332.15.12.2145 https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.12.2145
  37. Rastan, M.R., Sohankar, A. and Alam, M.M. (2017), "Low-Reynolds-number flow around a wall-mounted square cylinder: Flow structures and onset of vortex shedding", Phys. Fluids, 29, 103601. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4989745.
  38. Rastan, M.R., Sohankar, A., Doolan, C., Moreau, D., Shirani, E. and Alam, M.M. (2019), "Controlled flow over a finite square cylinder using suction and blowing", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 156, 410-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.04.013.
  39. Saeedi, M., Lepoudre, P.P. and Wang, B.C. (2014), "Direct numerical simulation of turbulent wake behind a surface-mounted square cylinder", J. Fluids Struct., 51, 20-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2014.06.021.
  40. Saha, A.K. (2013), "Unsteady flow past a finite square cylinder mounted on a wall at low Reynolds number", Comput. Fluids, 88(15), 599-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.10.010.
  41. Sakamoto, H. (1985), "Aerodynamic forces acting on a rectangular prism placed vertically in a turbulent boundary layer", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 18(2), 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(85)90093-5.
  42. Sakamoto, H. and Mikio, A. (1983), "Vortex shedding from a rectangular prism and a circular cylinder placed vertically in a turbulent boundary layer", J. Fluid Mech., 126, 147-165. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112083000087.
  43. Sakamoto, H. and Oiwake, S. (1984), "Fluctuating forces on a rectangular prism and a circular cylinder placed vertically in a turbulent boundary layer", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerody., 106(2), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3243093.
  44. Sattari, P., Bourgeois, J.A. and Martinuzzi, R.J. (2012), "On the vortex dynamics in the wake of a finite surface-mounted square cylinder", Experim. Fluids, 52(5), 1149-1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-011-1244-6.
  45. Shang, J., Zhou, Q., Alam, M.M., Liao, H. and Cao, S. (2019), "Numerical study of the flow structure and aerodynamic forces on two tandem square cylinders with different chamfered-corner ratio", Phys Fluids, 31, 075102, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5100266.
  46. Smagorinsky, J. (1963), "General circulation experiments with the primitive equations", Mon. Weather Rev., 91(3), 99-164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091%3C0099:GCEWTP%3E2.3.CO;2.
  47. Sohankar, A., Abbasi, M. Nili-Ahmadabai, M., Alam, M.M. and Zafar, F. (2018a), "Experimental study of the flow around two finite square cylinders", Arch. Mech., 70, 457- 480.
  48. Sohankar, A., Esfeh, M., Pourjafan, H., Alam, M.M. and Wang, L. (2018b), "Features of the flow over a finite length square prism on a wall at various incidence angles", Wind Struct., 26(5), 317-329. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.26.5.317.
  49. Sumner, A. and Ogunremi, A. (2015), "On the effects of incidence angle on the mean wake of a surface-mounted finite-height square prism", In Proceedings of the ASME-JSME-KSME., July.
  50. Sumner, D., Heseltine, J.L., Dansereau, O. and Dansereau, J.P. (2004), "Wake structure of a finite circular cylinder of small aspect ratio", Experim. Fluids, 37(5), 720-730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-004-0862-7.
  51. Sumner, D., Rostamy, N., Bergstrom, D.J. and Bugg, J.D. (2017), "Influence of aspect ratio on the mean flow field of a surface-mounted finite-height square prism", Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 65, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.02.004.
  52. Tanaka, H., Tamura, Y., Ohtake, K., Nakai, M. and Kim, Y.C. (2012), "Experimental investigation of aerodynamic forces and wind pressures acting on tall buildings with various unconventional configurations", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 107-108, 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.04.014.
  53. Tanaka, S. and Murata, S. (1999), "An investigation of the wake structure and aerodynamic characteristics of a finite Circular Cylinder", JSME Int. J. Series B: Fluids Therm. Eng., 42(2), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.42.178.
  54. Tutar, M., Hold, A.E. and Lewis, A.P. (1998), "Comparative performance of various two equation models and LES on simulated flow past a circular cylinder in subcritical flow regime", The Proceedings of ASME Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting on Finite Element Application in Fluid Dynamics, Washington, D.C., USA.
  55. Uffinger, T., Ali, I. and Becker, S. (2013). "Experimental and numerical investigations of the flow around three different wall-mounted cylinder geometries of finite length", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 119, 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.05.006.
  56. Unnikrishnan, S. and Ogunremi, A. (2017), "The effect of incidence angle on the mean wake of surface-mounted finite-height square prisms", Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 66, 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.05.012.
  57. Wang, H.F. and Zhou, Y. (2009), "The finite length square cylinder near wake", J. Fluid Mech., 638(10), 453-490. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112009990693.
  58. Wang, H.F., Peng, S., Li, Y. and He X.H. (2018), "Control of the aerodynamic forces of a finite-length square cylinder with steady slot suction at its free end", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 179, 438-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.06.016.
  59. Wang, H.F., Peng, S., Zhou, Y. and He, X.H. (2016), "Transition along a finite-length cylinder in the presence of a thin boundary layer", Experim. Fluids, 57(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-016-2160-6.
  60. Wang, H.F., Zhao, X.Y., He, X.H. and Zhou, Y. (2017), "Effects of oncoming flow conditions on the aerodynamic forces on a cantilevered square cylinder", J. Fluid Struct., 75, 140-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2017.09.004.
  61. Wang, H.F., Zhou, Y., Chan, C.K. and Lam, K.S. (2006), "Effect of initial conditions on interaction between a boundary layer and a wall-mounted finite-length-cylinder wake", Phys. Fluids, 18(6), 065106. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2212329.
  62. Xie, J.M. (2014), "Aerodynamic optimization of super-tall buildings and its effectiveness assessment", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 130, 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.04.004.
  63. Zafar, F. and Alam, M.M. (2019), "Flow structure and heat transfer from cylinders modified from square to circular", Phys. Fluids, 31(8), 083604. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109693.
  64. Zhang, D., Cheng, L., An, H.W. and Zhao, M. (2017), "Direct numerical simulation of flow around a surface-mounted finite square cylinder at low Reynolds numbers", Phys. Fluids, 29(4), 045101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4979479.
  65. Zhang, H., Xin, D. and Ou, J. (2016), "Steady suction for controlling across-wind loading of high-rise buildings", Struct. Design Tall Spec. Build., 25(15), 785-800. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1283.
  66. Zheng, C.R. and Zhang, Y.C. (2012), "Computational fluid dynamics study on performance and mechanism of suction control over a high-rise building", Struct. Design Tall Spec. Build., 21(7), 475-491. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.622.
  67. Zheng, Q. and Alam, M.M. (2017), "Intrinsic features of flow past three square prisms in side-by-side arrangement", J. Fluid Mech., 826, 996-1033. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.378.