• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitable parts for callus induction and optimal concentrations of growth regulators contained in the medium affecting shoot and rooting for the in vitro mass production of Haworthia maughanii. To determine suitable parts of the plant for callus induction, the leaves, flower bloom and flower stalks were cultured in MS medium at different concentrations of $0{\sim}2mgL^{-1}$ NAA and $0{\sim}2mgL^{-1}$ TDZ, respectively. All of the parts showed 100% callus formation rate at $NAA\;1mgL^{-1}$ and $TDZ\;1mgL^{-1}$ treatment, $NAA\;2mgL^{-1}$ and $TDZ\;2mgL^{-1}$ treatment and NAA 1 to $2mgL^{-1}$, respectively. While the rate of callus formation was high in all parts, the leaves were the most efficient to obtain most culture parts. $NAA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ and $BA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ treatments were the most effective in shoot formation with 22.0 shoots. In addition, multiple shoot propagation showed 16.3 shoots, the highest, with $NAA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ and $BA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ treatments. These results led us to speculate that the optimization of culture conditions was responsible for the mass propagation for in vitro cultures of Haworthia maughanii.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate current situation and plant grouping by light and watering of mingled several cacti and succulents in a pot. The main 11 cacti are consist of Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Cons., Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii Werd., Marginatocereus marginatus(DC.) Backbg., Eriocactus leninghausii (Hge. Jr.) Backbg, Notocactus scopa (Spreng.) Berg., Lobivia nealeana Backbg., Mammillaria elongata var. intertexta (DC.) SD., Pseudoespostoa (Vp1.) Backbg., Mammillaria albilanata Backbg., Mammillaria klissingiana Bod. and Espostoa lanata (HBK.) Br. & R. The main 10 succulents are Kalanchoe thyrsifolia Harv., Portulacaria afra var. foliis-variegatis Jacobs., Crassula perforata Thunbg., Echeveria pulvinata Rose, Aeonium arboreum cv. atropurpureum., Echeveria lauii Moran & J. Meyran, Pachypodium lamerei Drake, Sedum rubrotinctum cv. Aurora Boom., Aloe mitriformis Mill., and Euphorbia coerulescens Haw. The cacti were native to Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador, etc. The sucullents were native to Mexico, Africa, Gran Canaria, Madagascar, etc. Most of all the cacti and sucullents in the experiment are growing well under full sun or light shade, however Portulacaria afra var. foliis-variegatis Jacobs, and Sedum rubrotinctum cv. Aurora Boom. did not influenced by light. And all the plants require a little or moderate watering. Thus, planting by similar required water and light, when growing in a pot of several cacti and succulents, might be decreased the rate of death causing by their different plant physiology.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate suitable parts for callus induction and optimal concentrations of growth regulators, contained in the medium affecting shoot and rooting for in vitro mass production of Haworthia truncata. Leaves and flower bud showed 100% callus formation rate at NAA $1{\sim}2mgL^{-1}$ treatment, and NAA $1mgL^{-1}$ + TDZ $2mgL^{-1}$ treatment. The flower stalk showed 75% callus formation rate, at NAA $2mgL^{-1}$ + TDZ $2mgL^{-1}$ treatment in H. truncata. While the rate of callus formation was high in leaves and flower bud, leaves were the most efficient in obtaining most culture parts. Shoot induction rate from callus was highest, at NAA $0.1mgL^{-1}$ treatment in H. truncata. Additionally, the number of shoots formation was 66.3 shoots high, in NAA $1mgL^{-1}$ + BA $0.1mgL^{-1}$ treatment in H. truncata. In the case of acclimatization of regenerated plant, growth characteristics did not show significant difference (95%) shading with respect to the different ratio of substrate mixture, and it was determined that would be appropriate, considering plant height and appearance preference of H. truncata. It was established that optimization of culture condition, was responsible for mass propagation in vitro cultures of H. truncata.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the suitable parts for callus induction and optimal concentrations of growth regulators contained in the medium affecting shooting and rooting Echeveria laui and Echeveria elegans for in vitro mass production. To determine the suitable plant parts for callus induction, the leaves were divided into upper, medium and bottom parts and cultured on MS medium at different concentrations with $0{\sim}2mgL^{-1}\;NAA$ and $0{\sim}4 mgL^{-1}BA$. The upper and middle parts of leaves both showed 100% callus formation rate with $NAA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. laui. The middle parts of leaves showed 83.3% callus formation rate at $NAA\;2\;mgL^{-1}$ and BA 4 mgL-1 treatment in E. elegans. The shoot induction rate from callus was highest at $NAA\;0.1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;3\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. laui and $NAA\;0.3\;mgL^{-1}$ in E. elegans. In addition, the number of shoots formation was 10.4 shoots high in $NAA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. laui and 12.0 shoots in most effective $NAA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;0.1\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. elegans. In the case of acclimatization of regenerated plant, growth characteristics did not show any significant difference (35 ~ 55%) shading with respect to the different ratio of substrate mixture, and it was determined that would be appropriate considered plant height and appearance preference of E. laui and E. elegans. It was established that the optimization of culture condition was responsible for the mass propagation in vitro cultures of E. laui and E. elegans.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2021

Indoor gardening includes wall greening, terrariums, and flower arrangements. Among these types of indoor gardens, the terrarium is easy to access for the general public, but in Korea, because of the focus on esthetics, the original purpose of creating terrariums, which was to grow plants sustainably in an enclosed space, has been lost. In addition, miniaturization of plants is required to grow plants in an enclosed space. Since the available plant species suitable for a terrarium are limited, only plants such as succulents, cacti, and moss have been used. In this study, Bronze (X Graptosedum) was used, and these problems were solved using the following three methods: placement and growth of virus-free plants in the terrarium; extending the diversity of plants with minimal size that can be planted in terrariums; and reducing the price of in vitro plants with minimal size by achieving large-scale production. In particular, tissue-cultured succulents were developed into a Vivorium by replacing the tissue culture container and renewing the composition of the plant. This paper suggests a new indoor horticultural field, Vivorium, that can improve the current limitations of terrariums and make them more accessible to the general public. The introduction and popularization of new indoor gardening fields with the increase in single-person households and indoor activities in the Pandemic era can also improve psychological stability among people and in the society.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

In the present study, ultrastructural features of the mesophyll tissue have been investigated in Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)-performing succulent Orostachys. A large central vacuole and numerous small vacuoles in the peripheral cytoplasm were characterized at the subcellular level in both developing and mature mesophyll cells. The most notable feature was the invagination of vacuolar membranes into the secondary vacuoles or multivesicular bodies. In many cases, tens of single, membrane-bound secondary vacuoles of various sizes were found to be formed within the central vacuole. multivesicular bodies containing numerous small vesicles were also distributed in the cytoplasm but were better developed within the central vacuole. Occasionally, electron-dense prevacuolar compartments, directly attached to structures appearing to be small vacuoles, were also detected in the cytoplasm. One or more huge central vacuoles were frequently observed in cells undergoing differentiation and maturation. Consistent with the known occurrence of morphologically distinct vacuoles within different tissues, two types of vacuoles, one representing lytic vacuoles and the other, most likely protein storage vacuoles, were noted frequently within Orostachys mesophyll. The two types coexisted in mature vegetative cells but did not merge during the study. Nevertheless, the coexistence of two distinct vacuole types in maturing cells implies the presence of more than one mechanism for vacuolar solute sorting in these species. The vacuolar membrane is known to be unique among the intracellular compartments for having different channels and/or pumps to maintain its function. In CAM plants, the vacuole is a very important organelle that regulates malic acid diurnal fluctuation to a large extent. The membrane invagination seen in Orostachys mesophyll likely plays a significant role in survival under the physiological drought conditions in which these Orostachys occur; by increasing to such a large vacuolar volume, the mesophyll cells are able to retain enormous amounts of acid when needed. Furthermore, the mesophyll cells are able to attain their large sizes with less energy expenditure in order to regulate the large degree of diurnal fluctuation of organic acid that occurs within the vacuoles of Orostachys.