• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

The platform screen door(PSD) is installed in the station of the Seoul Metro 9th line for passengers' safety and comfortable environment of the station. The track way exhaust system(TES) is also operated with PSD to exhaust heat released from train. TES can also be used for the purpose of the heat and smoke control in an emergency case of the carriage fire. When the fire is occurred, operation of TES is switched to the smoke exhaust mode form its normal ventilation mode. In the present study, a subway station of Seoul Metro 9th line is modeled, and a 3-D CFD simulation is performed to investigate effectiveness of designed TES in case of fire. A scenario that a train under fire is arriving the station is simulated for several possible operation modes of the TES using moving mesh technique. As a result, temperature and CO concentration distribution in the station is obtained for each operation modes of TES. The effectiveness of TES operation in case of fire is also discussed.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2013

This study attempted to find an alternative method for fine dust control in the pre-exiting facilities of metro-subway stations. A new double-layer design was proposed for the MVAC (mechanical ventilation and air control) system. Several filter lay-outs were combined a pre-filter with electret filter (EF), electret bundle filter (EBF), or electret pleated filter (EPF), and were then examined focusing on the collection efficiency of particulate matters and pressure drop across the filter layers. The experimental results from the lab and field tests showed the best collection efficiency with EPF, which achieved 85% for $PM_{10}$ and 55% for $PM_{2.5}$. It was also found from the long term field test that the new filter lay-out could provide quite consistent dust level particularly in underground platform regardless of external condition.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

Adsorbent combination studies have been carried out to remove nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs: BTEX) out of a subway environment characterized by high flow and low concentration. Optimal conditions for the high removal efficiency of the concerned target compounds were obtained through testing a series of control factors such as adsorbent sorts, thicknesses, and superficial velocity. It was found that the efficiencies increased as the specific surface area of activated carbon and its thickness increased, and external void fraction decreased. Furthermore, mixed activated carbon with granular and constructed contents was extensively tested to reduce pressure drop through the carbon bed. It was found that the performance of higher contents of granular activated carbon was better than that of higher contents of the constructed carbon. When the mixed carbon was applied to the subway ventilation system in order to eliminate $NO_2$ and VOC simultaneously, the removal efficiencies were found to be 75% and 85%, respectively.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2010

지하역사 미세먼지의 효율적 저감방안 마련을 위하여 서울지하철 5호선 개화산역 대합실, 승강장, 본선터널 3곳의 미세먼지 농도를 동시간대에 30분 단위로 측정하고, 각 위치에서 측정한 미세먼지농도 변화패턴 사이의 상관관계 분석을 통하여 지하역사에서의 미세먼지 확산방향과 확산속도를 추정하였다. 지하역사의 미세먼지 농도는 본선터널이 가장 높고, 승강장, 대합실 순으로 낮아진다. 본선터널과 승강장, 대합실의 미세 먼지농도는 열차운행이 많은 혼잡시간대에는 증가하고 비 혼잡시간대에는 감소하는 패턴을 보인다. 위치에 따른 미세먼지농도의 상대적인 크기와 변화패턴에 대한 통계적 분석결과 본선터널의 높은 미세먼지농도가 승강장으로 확산되고, 승강장의 미세먼지 중 일부가 대합실로 확산되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지하역사의 미세먼지를 효율적으로 감소시키기 위해서는 본선터널 내 미세먼지 집중발생지점과 발생원, 확산경로, 확산수단 등을 정확하게 파악하여 발생원을 제거하거나 발생량을 저감시키는 것이 중요하며, 환기시스템 가동을 위치별로 미세먼지농도가 높아지는 시간대에 맞추어 가동시킴으로써 전력사용량과 피크전력을 줄일 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2017

최근 국내 도시철도 지하역사에는 승강장 안전문의 설치로 인한 승강장의 급 배기 불균형이 일어나며, 이러한 불균형은 승강장 내 오염물질 축적과 환기부족에 의한 쾌적성 저하를 일으키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션 유동해석 프로그램을 이용하여 지하역사 바닥배기 시스템의 최적화 설계를 하고, 제작된 바닥배기 시스템의 미세먼지 제거 성능을 실험으로 검증하였다. 바닥배기 시스템의 시뮬레이션 유동해석은 CFX 17.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, HEEDS를 최적화 소프트웨어로 적용하였다. 3차에 걸쳐 이루어진 최적화 결과, 약 430 Pa의 차압과 61%의 미세먼지 제거 성능을 갖는 전체높이 1.78 m의 바닥배기 시스템이 도출되었다. 최적화 설계에 따라 실규모로 제작된 바닥배기 시스템을 이용하여 미세먼지 집진 성능 실험을 실시하였으며, 약 65%의 집진효율을 보임으로써 수치해석을 통해 도출된 최적설계 결과와 유사한 수준임을 검증하였다. 결과적으로 최적화 프로그램을 활용한 바닥배기 시스템의 설계가 급배기 불균형을 갖고 있는 지하역사 승강장에 적용 가능함을 확인하였으며, 설계된 바닥배기 시스템이 공간상의 제약으로 추가적인 배기설비 설치가 어려운 기존 지하 역사에서 배기개선 및 미세먼지 제거에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.485-496
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 스크린도어가 설치되어 있는 지하역사 승강장에서 화재가 발생시 승강장 환기실에 설치된 송풍기의 작동에 따른 연기거동을 실험적인 방법으로 측정하였다. 스크린도어가 닫힌 승강장에서 모의화재 발생시 승강장의 제연설비가 작동하지 않은 경우와 작동하는 경우에 제연 특성을 비교하였다. 화재연기를 모사하기 위하여 연기발생기에서 발생한 연기를 열풍기를 이용하여 가열하였다. 화재연기를 정량적으로 측정하기 위하여 연기농도계를 이용한 광투과도를 측정하였다. 스크린도어가 닫혀져있고 지하역사의 제연설비가 작동되지 않는 경우 승강장에 화재가 발생하면 연기가 승강장 내부에 축적되어 승객의 피난이 매우 어려우며, 매우 위험한 상황으로 연결될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면에 역사의 제연설비를 가동한 조건에서는 승강장 화재에 의해 발생한 연기가 역사의 제연설비를 통하여 외부로 빠져나가며, 대합실에서 승강장 방향으로 기류가 형성되어 승강장 승객이 대합실 방향으로 대피하는 것이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 후속 논문에서는 승강장 인접부에 위치한 터널환기구를 통한 터널 제연의 병행효과에 대하여 다룰 예정이다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2006

In the present study, a numerical simulation of the subway carriage fire is performed to determine the more effective operation of Trackway Exhaust System(TES) in underground stations. The four types of possible TES operation (OSUS, OSUE, OEUS and OEUE) is simulated and compared their removal capability of smoke and hot temperature for the carriage fire of 2MW. From the results, the distribution of temperature and smoke concentration is more dependent on the operation of fans located at upper side of the platform than those at lower side. It is also found from the results that for more efficient smoke control, the fans at upper side of the platform should be operated as an exhaust system. Whereas the fans at lower side can be operated as a supply system to aid upper exhaust fans.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2010

Almost five million citizens a day are using subways as a means of traffic communication in the Seoul metropolitan. As the subway system is typically a closed environment, indoor air pollution problems frequently occurs and passengers complain of mal-health impact. Especially $PM_{10}$ is well known as one of the major pollutants in subway indoor environments. The purpose of this study was to compare the indoor air quality in terms of $PM_{10}$ and to quantitatively compare its source contributions in a Seoul subway platform before and after installing platform screen doors (PSD). $PM_{10}$ samples were collected on the J station platform of Subway Line 7 in Seoul metropolitan area from Jun. 12, 2008 to Jan. 12, 2009. The samples collected on membrane filters using $PM_{10}$ mini-volume portable samplers were then analyzed for trace metals and soluble ions. A total of 18 chemical species (Ba, Mn, Cr, Cd, Si, Fe, Ni, Al, Cu, Pb, Ti, $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, and ${SO_4}^{2-}$) were analyzed by using an ICP-AES and an IC after performing proper pre-treatments of each sample filter. Based on the chemical information, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to identify the source of particulate matters. $PM_{10}$ for the station was characterized by three sources such as ferrous related source, soil and road dust related source, and fine secondary aerosol source. After installing PSD, the average $PM_{10}$ concentration was decreased by 20.5% during the study periods. Especially the contribution of the ferrous related source emitted during train service in a tunnel route was decreased from 59.1% to 43.8% since both platform and tunnel areas were completely blocked by screen doors. However, the contribution of the fine secondary aerosol source emitted from various outside combustion activities was increased from 14.8% to 29.9% presumably due to ill-managed ventilation system and confined platform space.

• 한국암반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암반공학회 2008년도 국제학술회의
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

The longest tunnel has been halted at Daekwanryung by the failure of the host country of the Winter Olympiad in 2014, but modern High-Power TBM will come to Korea to excavate these long tunnels to establish the better horizontal connection between the western and eastern countries to improve the strong powerful logistic strategy of Korean peninsula. Train operation provides a key function of air movements in a long underground tunnel, and heat generation from transit vehicles may account of the most heat release to the ventilation and emergency systems. This paper indicates the optimal fire suppress services and safety provision for the long railway tunnel which is designed twin tunnel with length 22km in Gangwon province of Korea. The design of the fire-fighting systems and emergency were prepared by the operation of the famous long-railway tunnels as well as the severe lessons from the real fires in domestic and overseas experiences. Designers should concentrate the optimal solution for passenger's safety at the emergency state when tunnel fires, train crush accidents, derailment, and etc. The optimal fire-extinguishing facilities for long railway tunnels are presented for better safety of the comfortable operation in this hard rock tunnel of eastern mountains side of Korea. Since year 1900, hard rock tunnel construction has been launched for railway tunnels in Korea, tunnels have been built for various purposes not only for infrastructure tunnels including roadway, railway, subway, and but also for water and power supply, for deposit food, waste, and oils etc. Most favorable railway tunnel system was discussed in details; twin tunnels, distance of cross passage, ventilation systems, for the comfortable train operations in the future.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.570-574
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• 2012

Spread of household air conditioning system is continued to be increased. Axial fan in the external unit of air conditioning system is for ventilation and air supplying unit, and the related products have been widely adopted as household electronics, automobile engine, big sized blower in factory, tunnel, and subway. In this study, commercial 3-winged propeller fan is modified to shape and modified to 2-winged fan for the airflow increase and cost reduction. Using 3D modelling, the fan shape is modified, and analysis flow is adopted to provide the way to airflow increase and reduce cost while maintaining the same wind capacity.