• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.308-316
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• 2010

Odontoblasts are anchorage dependent cells adhering to a substrate via cell adhesive molecules. Receptor ligands such as integrins bind to these proteins and are known to function as signal transduction molecules in a series of critical recognition events of cell-substratum. The aim of this study is to examine the interaction of odontoblast (MDPC-23 cell) with type I Col and the effect of TGF-${\beta}1$ and TNF-$\alpha$ on the expression of cell adhesion molecules. In this study, MDPC-23 cells adhered to type I Col dose-dependently. Immunofluorescence data demonstrated that integrin ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$ and CD44 were expressed on cell surface, and FAK and paxillin were localized in focal adhesion plaques in MDPC-23 cells adhesion to Col. Cytokine TGF-${\beta}1$ increased the adhesion of MDPC-23 cells to Col and the expression level of integrin ${\alpha}1$, 4{\alpha}2$ and chondroitin sulfate on MDPC-23 cells. RT-PCR data demonstrated that cytokine TGF-${\beta}1$ increased the amount of integrin ${\alpha}1$ mRNA in MDPC-23 cells. Therefore, MDPC-23 cells adhere to collagen type I Col and expressed a complex pattern of integrins and proteoglycans, including ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$, chondroitin sulfate and CD44 detected by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assay. TGF-${\beta}1$ treatment enhanced the expression of adhesion molecules such as integrin ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$ and chondroitin sulfate.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 1993

Background: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) is a 90 kD surface glycoprotein, associated with ${\alpha}_L{\beta}_2$ and ${\alpha}_M{\beta}_2$ subunit of integrins, that serve as cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion molecules and help regulate cellular morphology, differentiation, and proliferation. The adhesion molecules likely play important roles in maintaining the normal structure and function of the lung. ICAM-1 system among many cell adhesion molecules is importantly issuing in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Methods : By using $IgG_1$ monoclonal antibody for ICAM-1, we investigated immunohistochemically the expression of ICAM-1 in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the 3 normal cases and 6 pieces of tissues taken 3 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Results : In the 3 normal cases, the expressions of ICAM-1 were not discernible. Up-regulation of the ICAM-1 expression was showed in the interstitial fibroblast cells of alveolar septa in 5 pieces and proliferated alveolar pneumocytes in 1 piece among 6 pieces of tissues taken 3 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion : It was concluded from these findings that up-regulation of the ICAM-1 expression may be related to pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.37
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• pp.169-211
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• 2004

As for the "Guang-Xi(廣西)", "Dong-Shan(東山)", "Yao-Ju(瑤族)", folklore culture to achieve the substratum (New Year manners and customs, a passage rites, folk belief, dwelling folklore, agriculture and a farming machine) generally very received an influence of "Han-zu(漢族)" for the reason that an interchange was active early with "Han-zu(漢族)". However, a traditional form of "Yao-Ju(瑤族)" is covered the base with. Even if it is a national holiday commemorateing the birth of the "Pan-Gu(盤古)" which is ancestors of all "Yao-zu(瑤族)" during New Year manners and customs, songs as "ku-jia(哭嫁)" consisting at the time of marriage during a lot of ritual, "zhaoxu-hun (招婿婚)" and the "liangtou-che(兩頭扯)" marriages which are a classic marriage of "Yao-zu(瑤族)", a ritual format, master "Shi-Gong(師公)" of faith of "Yao-zu(瑤族)" are. Also, a difference is in dwelling folklore related to construction or this very much in "Han-zu(漢族)" and the various sides. It is the part where toilets to use are quite different from the Korean race in a tool, the outside written with the dwelling formal characteristics that are structure, "the ceremony of putting up the ridge beam" in, for example, two folds. Agriculture and a farming machine are basically similar to it of the Korean race, but it is a degree with some transformation by environment and the local cause.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.670-678
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• 2021

Anseong Cheonryongsa, a temple located in Anseong Seoun Mountain, is a part of the second Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, under the Yongju Temple, and enshrines a gilt-bronze seated Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva. In this study, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that this statue is composed of Cu-27.2 wt%, Sn-12.6 wt% and Pb-48 wt%. A gamma (γ) ray (Ir-192) image confirmed damage on the backside of the statue, which was later repaired with wood. The XRF analysis and visual observation determined the boundary between the metal and wood in the statue. In addition, results of standard X-ray peak intensity of gold foil and correlation with thickness helped to derive an equation for calculating the thickness of the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva's gold foil. It was determined that the gilded chest (21 ㎛) and face (20.7 ㎛) of the statue were the thickest sections, the wooden substratum (11.9 ㎛) was the next-most thick, and the bronze (7.4 ㎛) was the thinnest layer.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.356-367
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• 2012

Community structure of fish and inhabiting status of endangered species, Cobitis choii and Gobiobotia naktongensis were investigated in the Ji Stream, a tributary of the Geum River Drainage System of Korea from May to October 2011. Ten to 23 fish species inhabited upper stream (St. 1~St. 4) with a Aa-Bb river type composed of mostly pebble and cobble bottoms, 16~28 species did middle stream (St. 5~St. 7) with a Bb type composed of mostly cobble and boulder bottoms, and 20-29 species did lower stream (St. 8~St. 10) with a Bb-Bc type composed of mostly sand bottoms. A total of 44 species belonging to nine families were found in the stream during the survay. The dominant species were in the order of Zacco platypus (37.2%), Pungtungia herzi (5.8%) and Pseudogobio esocinus (5.5%). Other abundant species included Acheilognathus lanceolatus (5.3%), Zacco koreanus (5.2%), Hemibarbus longirostris (4.9%) and Squalidus gracilis majimae (3.5%). Among residing species, 16 species were endemic to Korea, two (Cobits choii and Gobiobotia naktongensis) were endangered, and one (Micropterus salmoides) was non-indigenous. The similarity index based on species composition and abundance clearly delineated the fish community of the Ji Stream according to the three major sections, which were defined at the above. Dominance index gradually decreased toward downstream, while diversity, evenness and species richness indexes gradually increased toward downstream. The two endangered species, C. choii and G. naktongensis co-occurred at the lower stream due to the prevalence of a sandy substratum.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.336-341
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• 2000

This study was conducted to clarify the habitat characteristics and distribution of seagrass. Zostera marina L. (Zosteraceae) in the brackish Hwajinpo Lake, Korea in June 1998 and July 2000. Z. marina beds were distributed along the sea-side cost of the lower lake mouth at 0.8 to 1.5m in death, and the seagrass bed area was about 3,200 m$^{2}$. Salinity, water temperature and pH were in the range of 8.0${\sim}$23.0$%_{o}$, 22.0${\sim}$23.7$^{\circ}C$ and 8.34${\sim}$8.62, respectively. Nutrient concentrations were generally now (TN: 24.34 ${\mu}$M, NH$_{4}$-N: 2.57 ${\mu}$M, NO$_{3}$-N: 0.56 ${\mu}$M, NO$_{2}$-N: 0.27 ${\mu}$M, TP: 2.08 ${\mu}$M, PO$_{4}$-P: 0.34 ${\mu}$M). Suspended particulate matters (SPM) concentration averaged 62.8 mg/l and particulate organic matter (POM) averaged 21.3 mg/l. Organic content of SPM averaged 33.9%. The beds substratum was composed of well-sorted, fine sand and its mean brain size was 3.13${\Phi}$. The Z. marina vegetation was almost submerged, and the morphological characteristics can be classified as steno-leaf phenotype by the shoot length, leaf width, and number of leaf vein. Shoot length and leaf width were 70.0${\sim}$126.5 cm and 5${\sim}$7 mm, respectively. Shoot densities ranged from 264 to 296/m$^{2}$, and the plants biomass was estimated at 332.6 to 373.0 g dw/m$^{2}$. Therefore, the habitats of Z. marina in Korea were recognized in a brackish lake, and morphological characteristics appeared to be variable.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2002

During the periods from lily to October, 2000 in Hongseong and lucy to October, 2001 in Taean in the west coast of Korea, the following environmental conditions prevailed : water temperature : 22.0~26.817, salinity 27.23 ~30.80%, dissolved oxygen 4.12 ~6.26 ml/l, pH 7.89 ~8.09, phosphate 0.39 ~0.65 $\mu m$ , inorganic nitrogen 5.05~9.26 $\mu m$, suspended solid 5.4~20.8 mg/l and chemical oxygen demand 1.12~1.87 mg/l. The B-shaped veliger larvae of the Ark shell occurred in maximum number at $25^{\circ}C$ prevailing from mid-August at Hongseong and Taean. Full grown larvae reached maximum abundance from late August. To identify the effectiveness of the substratum for spat collection, raschel net were tested to Larval settlement. The most effective depth to collect the larvae in natural environment was the collectors suspended at 7~8 m depth. At these depths, about 49 to 94 spats were found on the collector (40$\times$50 cm), The growth of shell height (Y) to shell length (X), and total weight (W) to shell length (L) could be formulated as follows respectively: Hongseong: SH = 0.7168 SL -0.6466 ( $r^2$ = 0.9839), TW = $0.0001SL^{3.1705}$ ($r^2$ = 0.9882) Taean: SH = 0.736 SL -0.8824 ($r^2$ : 0.9899), TW : 0.00005 $SL^{3.3731}$ ($r^2$ : 0.9899)

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2010

With growing interest in biodiversity in rice paddies, efficient sampling methods for quantitative evaluation of aquatic macroinvertebrates are needed because of their important role in rice paddies' food webs. For this reason, we sought a proper sampling method through comparing data collected by using aquatic net, quadrat, and core in rice paddies located in Chuncheon-si, Kangwon-do, Hongseong-gun, and Chungcheongnam-do. Because the frame of the net was rectangular and had a flat bottom, the area, sampledwith the aquatic net, was calculated by multiplying the net width by the sweeping length, All samples were taken from the space between the rows of rice plants. Twenty four taxa of macro invertebrates were collected in Chuncheon and 28 taxa in Hongseong. In Chuncheon, the number of taxa was similar among three sampling methods (17-18 taxa), but the number of individuals was different (aquatic net, $1,317/m^2$; quadrat, $1,368/m^2$; core, $1,810/m^2$. In Hongseong, the number of taxa sampled by aquatic net was the highest (aquatic net, 25 taxa; quadrat, 21 taxa; core, 16 taxa), but the core was the highest in the number of individuals (aquatic net, $1,586/m^2$; quadrat, $2,595/m^2$; core, $3,704/m^2$. The efficiency of samplers differed among taxa. Most of aquatic insect taxa were more abundant in the aquatic net, while those living on or in the paddy substratum such as Oligochaeta and Chironomidae were collected more in the quadrat sampler. To collect quantitative data for aquatic insects as well as to produce inventory of rare taxa, we suggest, based on samplers used in this study, to take quantitative samples of 6 replications from each of the edge and inner zones of a rice paddy by using an aquatic net, and to take qualitative samples both from sides of levees and the inner zone of rice paddy by using an aquatic net.