• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2018

Unlike a slender body, vortices are shed off alternately in the wake of a blunt body. In the case of liquid flows, when the pressure falls below the vapor pressure, cavitation occurs in the vortex core and affects the formation of the vortex street. This phenomenon is of major importance in many practical cases because the alternate shedding of vortices creates imbalanced forces on the body. Hence, it is very important to determine the shedding frequency of cavitating vortices. In this paper, the unsteady cavitating flow around a two-dimensional wedge-shaped submerged body was simulated using the commercial code STAR-CCM+. A numerical investigation of the structure of cavitating vortices was performed for a model with an apex angle of $20^{\circ}C$. The results were validated by comparing them with experimental measurements carried out at a cavitation tunnel of Chungnam National University (CNU-CT). It was found that the shedding frequency of the vortex increased by up to 18%, which was strongly affected by the development of cavitation.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.72-82
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• 1995

In the present paper, flow characteristics and free surface waves generated by a submerged hydrofoil advancing with an uniform speed are calculated. Using a numerical method based on a MAC(Marker And Cell) method, the Navier-Stokes and the continuity equations are solved to simulate flow fields around the hydrofoil. Computations are carried out in a rectangular grid system in which grids are concentrated near the foil and the free surface to improve numerical accuracies. Viscous flow phenomenas including pressure distributions are computed. Moreover, the influences of submerged depths upon the generated wave profiles and the wave breaking phenomena are also investigated. Experiments are performed at the towing tank of Inha University to measure free surface wave elevations due to the advancing hydrofoil. The computational results are compared with the present and the other available experimental data to show the accuracy of the numerical method developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6305-6314
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• 2015

This study presents numerical simulations of mean flow and turbulence structure of an open channel with submerged vegetation. Filtered Navier-Stokes equations are solved using large-eddy simulation (LES). The immersed boundary method (IBM) is employed based on a Cartesian grid. The numerical result is compared with experimental data of Liu et al. (2008) and shows that simulated results coincided reasonably with experimental data within the average error of 10%. Strong vortices are generated at the interface between vegetated and non-vegetated regions with spanwise extent. The generation of turbulence induced by shear at the interface is interfered with wake turbulence, resulting turbulence intensity maximum. Turbulence produced by shear affects the flow in vegetated region and the penetration depth increases with an increase in the submergence ratio. This result can be used to understand sediment transport mechanisms in the vegetated region.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1108-1112
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• 2005

보(round-crested weir)는 수로나 하천의 수위를 조절 과 취수 등의 편의를 제공하기 위해 건설되는 하천 구조물이다. 일반적으로 보의 수리특성은 자유 월류라는 측면에서 댐의 여수로와 유사하지만 하류 수위가 높아져 수중(submerged)에 잠기게 되면 보의 수리 특성은 여수로와 다르게 해석하여야 한다. 기존의 연구에서는 하류수위조건에 따라 4가지의 경우 1) 사류, 2) 도수현상을 수반한 상류, 3) 사류흐름으로 인한 도수발생, 4) 잠김상태(submerged)로 구분하고 있다(Chow ,1952). 그러나 이에 대한 흐름 해석은 대표적인 보에 대해 제안된 식으로 각 경우에 대한 정확해 해석은 어려움이 있다. 특히 하천에 수문과 동시에 보가 설치될 경우 그 차이는 클 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 하천에 설치되는 보와 수문에 대한 실험연구로써 보의 높이에 비해 수위가 과다하게 높은 경우에서의 수위-유량관계를 이론식과 기존 웨어공식에 대해 각각 비교하여 그에 대한 차이를 검토하였으며 하류수위에 대한 상류수위변동 시점을 측정하여 하류수위의 영향을 받는 임계수심을 제안한 Knapp(1960)식과 비교하였다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.582-588
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• 2005

An experimental study to establish a standard of sump model test of pump station was implemented. Comparison of foreign standard was also performed. Configuration condition around a bell mouth suction intake was easily adjusted by 3-axis traversing system and partition allocation. Operational condition was also varied widely to give accurate test data. PIV was also introduced to produce Quantitative analysis of flow field such as free-surface vortex and submerged vortex occurring in the model test. More detailed vortex behaviors were represented by PIV analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2003

In this study, it was performed using submerged nonwoven bioreactor(SNBR) for removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphate under different aeration intervals(intermittent aeration). We applied the SNBR at the cheap nonwoven fiber module instead of the expensive membrane. The SUBR was mainly made up of an activated sludge reactor and a transverse flow nonwoven module, with an innovative configuration being in application between them. In case of sewage, the aeration conditions experimented consist of continuous aeration and 60min/60min, 120min/60min, 120min/120min of aeration/nonaeration time intervals, respectively. In case of landfill leachate, the intermittent aeration condition was 120min/120min at aeration/nonaeration. Consequently, a high COD removal rate (about 94%) was achieved in sewage and leachate. Although nutrient removal rate was relatively high without any additional chemicals.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1980

Herein the flow past a submerged circular cylinder with a free surface is mapped onto a reference plane, in which the free surface is transformed to a straight line and the cylinder to a certain shape. A global mapping function between two planes is sought in a manner that linear free-surface elevation is generated in the physical plane. Hereby the Froude mumber $F_h$, based on the submergence depth h', is assumed to be of order 0(1) and the ratio a'/h'(a'=cylinder radius) of order o(1). Wave thus obtained are slightly different in magnitude and phase from usual linear solution. The resulting free wave starts advanced ahead compared to the classical result and its amount depends on Froude number. Based on the present concept wave forces are calculated. In this type of approach the body boundary condition gives more influence on wave resistance than that by the free surface in the speed range $F_h>1$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

In order to suggest the methodology for achieving anti-vortex device within multi pump intake well, CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation were conducted for two alternative suggestions. Multi-intake sump model with anti-vortex device basins were designed and the characteristics of submerged vortex were investigated in the flow field by numerical simulation. From the results of simulations, to install the horizontal plate and vertical cross plates within basins were effective for preventing air-induction vortex.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

In this paper, we focused on computing the higher-harmonic components of the transmitted wave passing over a submerged circular cylinder to show that it is causing a horizontal negative drift force. As numerical models, a circular cylinder held fixed under free surface in deep water is adopted. As the submergence of a circular cylinder decreases and the incident wavelength becomes longer, the higher-harmonic components of the transmitted wave starts to increase. An increase of the higher-harmonic components of the transmitted wave makes the horizontal drift force be negative. It is also found that the higher-harmonic amplitudes averaged over the transmitted wave region become larger with the increase of wave steepness and wavelength as well as the decrease of submergence depth.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.45-56
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• 2015

This paper aims to develop a submerged propeller turbine for micro hydropower plant which allows to sustain high values of efficiency in a broad range of hydrological conditions (H=2~6 m, $Q=0.15{\sim}0.39m^3/s$). The two aspects to be considered in this development are mechanical simplicity and high-efficiency operation. Unlike conventional turbines that have spiral casing and gear box, this is directing driving and no spiral casing. A 10 kW class turbine which has the most high potential of the power generation has been developed. The most important element in the design of turbine is the runner blade. The initial blade is designed using inverse design method and then the runner geometry is modified by classical hydraulic method. The design process is carried out in two steps. First, the blade shape is fix and then other components of submerged propeller turbine are designed. Computational fluid dynamics analyses based on the Navier-Stokes equations have been used to obtain overall performance data for the blade and the full turbine, respectively. The results generated by performance parameters(head, guide vane opening angle and rotational speed) variations are theoretically analysed. The evaluation criteria for the blade and the turbine performances are the pressure distribution and flow's behavior on the runner blades and turbine. The results of simulation reveals an efficiency of 91.5% and power generation of 10.5kW at the best efficiency point at the head of 4m and a discharge of $0.3m^3/s$.