• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

This study investigates the fixed and random factors affecting response patterns of wh-scope interpretations in Gyeongsang Korean. It employed logistic mixed-effects regression models to analyze responses from 24 participants who listened to 40 pre-recorded stimuli from 40 different speakers. The stimuli consisted of an embedded wh-phrase and an interrogative ending marker, "-nkiko," thereby forming a wh-question, specifically a matrix wh-scope. Participants repeated the test three times. The study found that the prominence level of a prosodic phrase composed of an embedded verb and a complementizer was inversely related to responses with wh-questions, as demonstrated through multiple regression analysis in Yun. The test trial significantly impacted the number of responses with wh-questions, increasing from 50.3% in the first trial to 58.8% and 61.2% in subsequent trials. Examination of random subject effects revealed two main factors influencing responses: morpho-syntactic constraints and prosodic structural integrity. These two factors demonstrated the potential to be inversely weighted. Analysis of random stimulus effects suggested that the prominence level had limited effects on response patterns with each stimulus primarily eliciting one type of responses across trials.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.377-386
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• 2014

Objective: In this study, we used resting-state fMRI data to map differences in functional connectivity between a comprehensive set of 8 distinct cortical and subcortical brain regions in healthy controls and Internet addicts. We also investigated the relationship between resting state connectivity strength and the level of psychopathology (ex. score of internet addiction scale and score of Barratt impulsiveness scale). Background: There is a lot of evidence of relationship between Internet addiction and impaired inhibitory control. Clinical evidence suggests that Internet addicts have a high level of impulsivity as measured by behavioral task of response inhibition and a self report questionnaire. Method: 15 Internet addicts and 15 demographically similar non-addicts participated in the current resting-state fMRI experiment. For the connectivity analysis, regions of interests (ROIs) were defined based on the previous studies of addictions. Functional connectivity assessment for each subject was obtained by correlating time-series across the ROIs, resulting in $8{\times}8$ matrixs for each subject. Within-group, functional connectivity patterns were observed by entering the z maps of the ROIs of each subject into second-level one sample t test. Two sample t test was also performed to examine between group differences. Results: Between group, the analysis revealed that the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex, between orbito frontal cortex and putamen, between the orbito frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, between the insula and anterior cingulate cortex, and between amydgala and insula was significantly stronger in control group than in the Internet addicts, while the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and insula showed stronger negative correlation in the Internet addicts relative to control group (p < 0.001, uncorrected). No significant relationship between functional connectivity strength and current degree of Internet addiction and degree of impulsitivy was seen. Conclusion: This study found that Internet addicts had declined connectivity strength in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and other regions (e.g., ACC, IPC, and insula) during resting-state. It may reflect deficits in the OFC function to process information from different area in the corticostriatal reward network. Application: The results might help to develop theoretical modeling of Internet addiction for Internet addiction discrimination.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.211-232
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• 1998

Because there were lots of side effects and tolerances to the existing anticancer therapeutics, the experiment extracting the anticancer effect from medicinal herbs is in progress liviely. Therefore the purpose of this study were to research the tendency and the course of anticancer studies. To research the tendency of anticancer studies, medicinal herbs of fifty three experimental papers were analyzed and to examine the course of studies, anticancer papers in the medical world were used. The obtained results were as follows: Methods of herbal medicinal treatments were elimination the pathogenic factor(祛邪) and supporting healthy energy(扶正) method used. In this study, immediately tumor bearing and immune response were the most important point. The subject of immediately tumor bearing was not in the specific cancer but in the influence on the life span of general cencerous cells. In the experimental study of immune response, the effect on NK cell activity of medicinal herbs most studied. The combined usage of medicinal herbs and anticancer agent mostly intended to know whether it inhibits the tumor cell growth. The serum test and blood cell number test show if medicinal herbs inhibit side effect of anticancer agent. More than 80 percents of used medicinal herbs, there were anticancer activities. However anticancer experimental studies using medicinal herbs two weak points. The one, it was difficult to choose a prescription according to differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證論) of the Oriental Medicine, because we put to the test not a man but a mouse. The other, as we observed the indirect effect of the whole physiological regulation caused by synergic effects of the complex prescription, we don't understand the detailed mechanism of the herb. Therefore, if the anticancer effect of the herb is proved the experiment, we should research the concrete medical action of medicinal herbs and immunological analysis of herbal medicines to the body.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the age-related differences in the relationship and developmental tendency between Orphanage and Normal Children's affective and cognitive perspective-taking ability. The subjects were 5-year-old (N=64) and 7-year-old (N=64) children. In each group, there were equal number of boys and girls, 128 Children were composed of(male: 32, female: 32) and orphanage Children(male: 32, female: 32). Feshbach & Roe's child perspective-taking ability test was modified for this study and the test included four facial expression cards and six different stories including three types of affection. In the procedure of study, after a set of story cards containing one of three affective types, the subject was asked to retell the story shown in each cards to study cognitive perspective-taking ability, and for the affective perspective-taking ability. Then the subject was asked to tell the feeling of the hero in the story and to select one of the four facial expression which is consistent with the feeling. The cognitive perspective-taking ability and affective perspective-taking ability response were coded three kinds of scoring respectively. Scored data were analyzed with MANOVA. t-test, Pearson Correlations and Fisher-z test. The results were shown as follow : First, both Orpanage and Normal Children's the cognitive and affective perspective-taking ability increased with age. Secondly, both Orpanage and Normal Children's perspective-taking ability was lower than Normal Children's perspective-taking ability. Thirdly, both Orpanage and Normal Children's correlation between cognitive and affective perspective-taking ability increased with age.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

This study examined the characteristics of brain's reaction pattern concerning the preference for product images and compared them with the result of subjects' intuitive evaluation of their preference for the same materials. Two tests were conducted; the first one that calculated comfort properties based on brainwave measurements in order to examine the impression given by the images of products presented separately, one-by-one, and the second one that had subjects evaluate the preference directly by comparing the images of all products simultaneously. The first test was titled 'Independent Cognitive Response' and the second test, 'Relative Cognitive Response', and their characteristics were as follows. In the 'Independent Cognitive Response', the state of emotion was expressed in absolute values based on the comparison with the information accumulated through the subject's own experience and the feeling expressed as 'pleasant' or 'unpleasant' persisted as absolute values. In the 'Relative Cognitive Response', the state of emotion relative to the information of other images compared in the stage of perceiving the images was expressed, and in this case, the state of emotion described as 'calm' or 'excited' acted as relative values.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.3-6
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the luminous environment of fluorescent lamp and LED lamp in a office space for various color temperature by subject response test. For this, three different color temperatures were tested for the same illuminance level. Based on such test results for various color temperatures of fluorescent lamp and white LEDs, this study is to analyze the preferences of color temperature and light source, and perceptional brightness of each light source and color temperature. Then, this study is to derive the guidelines for the performance of color temperature which are suitable on the purpose and the mood of a office space.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.145-171
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• 2015

Due to earthquakes, many structures suffered extensive damages that were attributed to the torsional effect caused by mass, stiffness or strength eccentricity. Due to this type of asymmetry torsional moments are generated that are imposed by means of additional shear forces developed at the vertical resisting structural elements of the buildings. Although the torsional effect on the response of reinforced concrete buildings was the subject of extensive research over the last decades, a quantitative index measuring the amplification of the shear forces developed at the vertical resisting elements due to lateral-torsional coupling valid for both elastic and elastoplastic response states is still missing. In this study a reliable index capable of assessing the torsional effect is proposed. The performance of the proposed index is evaluated and its correlation with structural response quantities like displacements, interstorey drift, base torque, shear forces and upper diaphragm's rotation is presented. Torsionally stiff, mass eccentric single-story and multistory structures, subjected to bidirectional excitation, are considered and nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed using natural records selected for three hazard levels. It was found that the proposed index provides reliable prediction of the magnitude of torsional effect for all test examples considered.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.663-673
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the appropriate evaluation method for the water supply and drain noise of bathroom in apartment and to propose some fundamental idea on its regulation. For this reason, it was studied the acoustical characteristics of water supply and drain noise as modifying the water supply pressure for the washbasins and toilet stools and suggested the optimum evaluation method through psychoacoustic test. As a result of investigation of the levels by evaluating the adjectives and noise sources with 7-step criteria corresponding to each level of plumbing noises and analysis of the correlation between physical evaluation values by comparing the criteria, dB(A), N, and NC, with subject's response, determination coefficient($R^2$) was shown to be relatively fair or higher ranged from 0.65 to 0.92. It is shown that 'Harsh', 'Nervous', 'Unpleasant', 'Distasteful', and 'Repellent' as a second factor are to be appropriate to evaluate plumbing noise. Above these results could be used in basic data establishing KS(Korean Standard) for evaluation and rating procedure and measures reducing these noise.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2020

This paper presents steering system requirements to ensure the stabilized lateral control of autonomous driving vehicles. The two main objectives of a lateral controller in autonomous vehicles are maintenance of vehicle stability and tracking of the desired path. Even if the desired steering angle is immediately determined by the upper level controller, the overall controller performance is greatly influenced by the specification of steering system actuators. Since one of the major inescapable traits that affects controller performance is the time delay of the steering actuator, our work is mainly focused on finding adequate parameters of high level control algorithm to compensate these response characteristics and guarantee vehicle stability. Actual vehicle steering angle response was obtained with Electric Power Steering (EPS) actuator test subject to various longitudinal velocity. Steering input and output response analysis was performed via MATLAB system identification toolbox. The use of system identification is advantageous since the transfer function of the system is conveniently obtained compared with methods that require actual mathematical modeling of the system. Simulation results of full vehicle model suggest that the obtained tuning parameter yields reduced oscillation and lateral error compared with other cases, thus enhancing path tracking performance.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.40-50
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• 2023

This study is to examine the validity of assessing basic-level proficiency in physics among incoming engineering freshmen through item analysis and standard setting. For empirical analysis, we examined the physics subject taken by the freshman class of 2021 at K University, considering its significance for engineering students. In this study, we initially performed item analysis utilizing both classical test theory and item response theory. Subsequently, leveraging the item and test information, we employed a modified Angoff method and the Bookmark method for standard setting. Consequently, the difficulty level initially set during item development was found to be higher than the actual performance level exhibited by the students. This study highlights a discernible disparity between the expected university standard and the real proficiency level of incoming freshmen in terms of basic academic ability in physics. Based on these research findings, a comprehensive discussion on the fundamental academic competence of engineering students was conducted, underscoring the necessity for formulating a tailored learning approach leveraging the outcomes from the basic ability test.