• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

The tarsus in dogs has a complex structure that makes its evaluation relatively challenging. Because an accurate diagnosis of the tarsus is difficult through basic examinations alone, imaging tests are essential. Previous studies have explored the anatomical and radiological features of the canine tarsus using several imaging modalities. However, the imaging utility of the tarsus across different modalities has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to visualize the tarsal structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography, compare their utility, and propose suitable imaging modalities and conditions for evaluating specific tarsal structures. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound scans of the tarsus of four healthy dogs were performed, and two observers rated the utility of each image on a five-point scale. Although MRI is more beneficial for assessing the tarsal structures than ultrasound, ultrasound also appears clinically useful for evaluating the cranial tibialis muscle, deep digital flexor tendon, subcutaneous fat, joint space, and superficial digital flexor tendon. In addition, each structure of interest can be evaluated for optimal visibility using specific ultrasound sections, MRI sequences, and planes. In veterinary clinical practice, an initial assessment using ultrasound imaging with optimal visibility is required and if further evaluation is necessary, MRI examinations with optimal MRI sequences and planes can be performed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.70-78
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• 2000

In this study, a new method for canceling MRI artifacts through the motion translation of image plane is presented Breathing often makes problems in a clinical diagnosis. Assuming that the head moves up and down due to breathing, rigid translational motions in only y(phase encoding axis) direction are treated Unlike the conventional Iterative phase retrieval algorithm, this method is based on the MRI imaging process and analyzing of Image property A new constraint condition with which the motion component and the true image component in the MRI signal can be separated by a simple algebraic operation is extracted After the x(read out) directional Fourier transformation of MRI signal is done, the y(phase encoding) directional spectrum phasing value is Just an algebraic sum of the Image component and the motion component Meanwhile, as It is known that the density of subcutaneous fat area is almost uniform in the head tomographs, the density distribution along a y directional line on this fat area is regarded as symmetric shape If the density function is symmetric, then the phase of spectrum changes linearly with the position Hence, the departure component from the linear function can be separated as the motion component Based on this constrant condition, the new method of artifact cancellation is presented Finally, the effectiveness of this algorithm IS shown by using a phantom with simulated motions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.451-459
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• 2011

We investigated melting points and sensory characteristics by adding rice bran and roasted soybean to the finishing diet of Hanwoo steers. Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (average age, 20.92 mon-old; average weight, 599.89 kg) were assigned to either Control, Treatment 1 (rice bran) or Treatment 2 (roasted soybean) groups (12 steers/group), considering body weight and age. Supplementation levels of rice bran and roasted soybean were determined to meet total 5% crude fat in the concentrates, and the experimental animals were fed for 314 d until they reached 31.2 mon old. No significant differences were found in the moisture and crude fat content among groups. Melting points of lipid extracted from M. longissimus dorsi, subcutaneous fat, and perirenal fats were 25.83-26.17, 17.26-18.53 and $32.40-33.15^{\circ}C$, respectively, resulting in remarkable differences depending on fat depots. Contents of free amino acids in M. longissimus dorsi related to sweet taste were 39.48 mg/100 g for Treatment 1, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those for Control (32.24 mg/100 g), whereas those related to bitter taste were 25.93 mg/100 g for Treatment 2, which was the lowest (p<0.05) among the groups. Fatty acid composition, such as $C_{14:0}$, $C_{16:0}$, $C_{16:1}$, $C_{18:0}$, and $C_{18:1}$, in M. longissimus dorsi was not different among the groups. Results of a panel test on M. longissimus dorsi showed that Treatment 1 scored the highest (p<0.05) in juiciness, and both Treatments 1 and 2 scored higher (p< 0.05) in overall palatability than the Control group. $C_{18:1}$ showed a positive (+) relationship with tenderness (r = 0.650; p<0.05), and $C_{18:0}$ with flavor (0.698; p<0.05). The results suggest that rice bran and roasted soybean are beneficial for improving M. longissimus dorsi sensory characteristics, whereas no significant differences were found in the physico-chemical characteristics among the groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 1975

Growth retardation and a variable degree of body disproportion are recognized features of malnutrition, and mild and moderate protein-calorie malnutrition(PCM). Among the various body measurements suggested to assess the prevalence of all grades of PCM as judged by growth retardation and by body disproportion, the 'mid-upper-arm circumference'-abbreviated to 'arm-circumference' has been suggested as a potential useful simple field index for the assessment of PCM showing that the measurement would give composite information simultaneously on three important effects on PCM-deficit in the muscle protein reservoirs, availability of calorie stores in the form of subcutaneous fat, and growth failure. And this is selected because of its easy accessibility, and less involvement with clinical edema. This study is conducted to make a comparison between the percentage of Korean weight for age standards and the percentage of mid-upper-arm circumference for age standards of 175 preschool children aged $3{\sim}72$ months who are selected among the low-income residents in Seoul. In this study, a comparison is made between the results obtained by expressing the observed weight of the child as a percentage of Korean standard, referred to as 'weight-for-age' and the observed arm-circumference expressed as a percentage of the age-specific arm standard of Jelliffe, referred to as 'arm-for-age'. All the measurements were taken following the techniques described by Jelliffe. The left mid upper arm was measured using a glass-fibre tape and the Fairbanks Morse beam balance was used for weighing. 80% level of weight for age Korean standard and 85% level of arm for are Jelliffe standard were used as an upper borderline limit for PCM. Comparing the 80% weight-for-age and the 85% arm-for-age standard as an upper limit for PCM, for children aged $3{\sim}72$ months, results in 84.6% agreement with the sensitivity of 86.4% and its specificity of 83.5%. If arm circumference alone had been measured and judgement made on this basis, then only 5.1% of the children would have been 'wrongly' classified. And there is a moderately close correlation between arm circumference and weight for age as the data in Table 4 shows. The problem therefore lies in the standard for arm circumference in normal children and in determining what is the lower limit of normal. Once this is clearly difined, one can rely more confidently on arm circumference measurements alone for the nutritional assessment of early childhood.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.265-295
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• 2017

Breast tissue is composed of skin, mammary gland(including lactiferous duct), subcutaneous fat layer. The anatomical position is on the anterior chest wall(the outside of the chest cavity) but not on the inside of the thorax. Therefore, when the internal organs in the thoracic cavity are defined and expressed as 'organs' and the internal organs of each are labeled for a long time, for the breast located outside the thoracic cavity, it is thought that there is considerable difficulty in defining and recognizing the breast tissue as organs. For this reason, it is necessary to discourage the controversy over whether or not the breast is contained in the chest(or intra-thoracic cavity). In order to completely exclude it, it is assumed that the "chest-abdomen" can be called the "intra-thoraxic or intra-abdominal." But it is difficult to change the terms in various laws and regulations, I think that it would be necessary to insert only the clue clause "Breasts are excluded" in the detailed criteria for grading. In order to include it, it is necessary to change the terms of the ordinance or to say that the breast is exceptionally included.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.380-389
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• 2007

In Korea, undoubtedly, the cancer is one of the most common reasons of death, and hepatoma is the second highest fatal cancer regardless of the gender only next to the stomach cancer In the middle and prime-aged between 40 and 60 years, the incidence of hepatoma is the highest in the world, and the death rate due to hepatoma is the highest among OECD countries. In this paper, we propose a novel method for automatic identification of hepatoma from a contrast enhanced CT images, which is used in an expert system that helps medical specialists. First, consecutive $40{\sim}50$ contrail enhanced CT images are photographed by every 5mm from the upper part of the chest, and using position information on the rib, we classify the internal area including only internal organs and the external one that consists of the rib, subcutaneous fat layers, and the background from the CT images. Then, the region of the liver is extracted from the classified internal area by using information on the intensity, the distribution of brightness, and using the regions extracted from consecutive images, we restore information on the 5 mm space occurred between the consecutive two slides tty applying a shape-based interpolation method. Lastly, using the characteristics such as the brightness and the morphology, we are able to extract the regions of hepatoma. The expert system based on our method is sufficiently competitive when it is compared with the diagnoses by specialists in the diagnostic radiology.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis(Madelung's disease) seems to represent a relatively common disease in Europe but has not been described in the Korean literature. It is characterized by highly typical symmetric deposits of subcutaneous fat on the neck, arms, and upper part of the trunk. The localized increase of adipose tissue is hyperplastic in nature and probably results from a local defect in adrenergic stimulated lipolysis. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is frequently, but inconstantly, associated with alcoholism, liver disease, glucose intolerance, and hyperuricemia, but their etiologic role remains to be established. Clinical importance is the apparent high incidence of malignant tumors of the upper airways requiring through ear, nose, and throat and internal examination of all patients. Another importance is possibility of airway obstruction due to mass effect. Dietary treatment and weight loss are of limited value. Surgical treatment gives only temporary relief and should be restricted to patients with functional impairment. We report a case of a 63-year-old man with multiple symetric lipomatosis and alcoholism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Quantities as well as distributions of adipose tissue (AT) are significantly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and can be altered with caloric restriction. This study investigated which cross-sectional slice location of AT is most strongly correlated with changes in CVD risk factors after caloric restriction in obese Korean women. Thirty-three obese pre-menopausal Korean women ($32.4{\pm}8.5$ yrs, BMI $27.1{\pm}2.3\;kg/m^2$) participated in a 12 weeks caloric restriction program. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured using computed tomography (CT) scans at the sites of L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5. Fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), leptin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed. Pearson's partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between AT measurement sites and changes in CVD risk factors after calorie restriction. When calories were reduced by 350 kcal/day for 12 weeks, body weight (-2.7%), body fat mass (-8.2%), and waist circumference (-5.8%) all decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, following caloric restriction, serum levels of glucose (-4.6%), TC (-6.2%), LDL-C (-5.3%), leptin (-17.6%) and HOMA-IR (-18.2%) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as well. Changes in VAT at the level of L3-L4 were significantly greater than those at other abdominal sites, and these changes were correlated with changes in TC (P < 0.05), LDL-C (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01). These results show that VAT at L3-L4 had a stronger correlation with CVD risk factors than with other AT measurement sites after caloric restriction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1608-1617
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• 2013

This study is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a weight management program for overweight and obesity office workers; comparing their changes in the anthropometry, biochemistry, nutrient intakes, and exercise performance before and after the obesity management program. This program was performed on 39 workers, who are overweight or obese, over BMI 23 for 6 months in Jeollabuk-do public institution. As the results of this study suggests, triceps thickness (TT) of male subjects was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) of the total subjects were significantly decreased after the weight management program (P<0.05). The biochemical result of the Total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.05) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0.01) was significantly decreased in male subjects. The results of abdominal computed tomography (CT) also showed that subcutaneous fat area (SFA) of male subjects was significantly decreased after the weight management program (P<0.01). The nutrient intake's results of female subjects, who took Fe, Vit B2, and niacin, were increased significantly after the weight management program (P<0.05). The nutrition knowledge score of male subjects was significantly increased (P<0.05), and a muscular endurance of the physical test was significantly increased after the obesity management program (P<0.01). At the work place, workers need a systemic health and obesity management program to improve their work efficiency and quality of life. After this study, the program should be developed and supported continuously to maintain positive results from this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1678-1684
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and sire breeding values for average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits using sire-maternal grandsire model with REML approach, sire model with REML approach, sire model without relationships among sires and with REML and ANOVA approach, and to investigate advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Data were collected from 42,325 Japanese Black steers and heifers finished and slaughtered from 1991 to 2004. Traits analyzed in this study were average daily gain (ADG) during the fattening period, live weight at slaughter (LW), cold carcass weight (CW), estimated lean yield percentage (LYE), longissimus muscle area (LMA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), rib thickness (RT), and marbling score (BMS). Bivariate analyses were also performed to obtain genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients among traits. Estimated breeding values were obtained from each model, and simple and rank correlations among breeding values from each model were calculated. Estimates of heritability using the four models ranged from 0.25 to 0.31 in ADG, from 0.21 to 0.24 in LW, from 0.23 to 0.27 in CW, from 0.10 to 0.17 in DP, from 0.40 to 0.42 in LYE, from 0.19 to 0.31 in LMA, from 0.31 to 0.34 in SFT, from 0.26 to 0.33 in RT, and from 0.18 to 0.44 in BMS. The differences in heritability estimates using the four models seemed to be feasible in ADG, CW, DP, LMA, RT, and BMS. Genetic correlation coefficients of ADG with CW, SFT, RT and BMS were moderate to high and positive while the genetic correlation coefficients between ADG and LYE was low and negative. Correlation coefficients of BMS with SFT were negligible for both genetic and phenotypic correlations. The correlations of estimates evaluated from sire models with those from sire-maternal grandsire model were not large enough to convincing that breeding values using a sire model were corresponding to those using a sire-maternal grand sire model. If information of maternal grand sires are not available, the sire model with incomplete pedigree information included only sire of sire (Model 2) is optimal among the sire models evaluated in this study.