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The Effects of Lifestyle Redesign Program on Time Usage and Quality of Life for Elderly with Stroke (라이프스타일 재설계 프로그램이 뇌졸중 노인의 시간 사용과 삶의 질에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Min;Jeon, Byoung-Jin
    • The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 2019
  • Objective : This study was designed to identify the effects on the time usage and quality of life of seniors with stroke by applying lifestyle redesign programs on the theoretical basis of the Occupational Balance. Method : A pretest-posttest control group design was conducted for a total of 40 stroke elderly people living in nursing homes(20 experimental and 20 control groups). Prior assessment was conducted for two weeks before the application of the lifestyle redesign program. For the next 10 weeks, the lifestyle redesign program was applied seven times a week. After that, a week of post-evaluation was conducted. The time usage for the subjects was analyzed by Life Time Survey Table of the National Statistical Office(2009) and life quality for them was analyzed by World Health Organization Quality of Life-BRIEF (WHOQOL-BRIEF). Result : The comparison of time usage before and after application of the program demonstrated that for the experimental group, rest and sleep(t=-4.89, p<.001), and leisure(t=-4.67, p<.00b1) showed significant differences. In addition, intergroup comparison results showed that there were also significant differences in rest and sleep(t=-2.24, p<.01) and leisure(t=3.57, p<.01). The comparison of life quality showed a significant difference between two groups(t=6.80, p<.001). If you look at the sub-area of quality of life, a significant difference was identified in physical health(t=6.08, p<.001), psychological health(t=5.21, p<.001), living environment area(t=3.60, p<.01). Conclusion : Lifestyle redesign program actually reduced the time usage for rest and sleep for elderly with stroke living in nursing homes, and increased the time for participating in leisure life resulting in improved quality of life.

In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from Potentilla supina in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (개소시랑개비 추출물의 RAW264.7대식세포에서 in vitro 항염효과)

  • Nam, Jung-Hwan;Kim, Hyun-Sam;Kim, Byoumg-Jin;Yu, Hong-Seob;Chang, Dong-Chil;Jin, Yong-Ik;Yoo, Dong-Lim;Choi, Jong-Keun;Park, Hee-Jhun;Lee, Seung-Bin;Lee, Kyung-Tea;Park, Soo-Jin
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.76-81
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    • 2017
  • Potentilla supina (Rosaceae) has traditionally been used to treat disorders of hemostasis, dysentery, malaria, bloody discharge and arthritis, and it has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of P. supina using the ethanolic extract of P. supina and its sub-fractions. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of P. supina, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO, iNOS and $PGE_2$ production in RAW 264.7 cells. This result showed that ethyl acetate fraction of P. supina is expected to be a good candidate for development into a source of anti-inflammatory agents.

Trends and Prospects of N. Korea Military Provocations After the Sinking of ROKS Cheon-an (천안함 폭침 이후 북한의 군사도발 양상과 전망)

  • Kim, Sung-Man
    • Strategy21
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    • s.34
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    • pp.58-92
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    • 2014
  • Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

The Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/Cholesterol/Fluorinated Surfactant Vesicle Incorporated Fatty Acid Salt (불소화지방산염 첨가에 의한 디팔미토일포스파티딜콜린/콜레스테롤/불소화계면활성제 베지클의 제조와 물성 측정 연구)

  • Park, Young Ju;Kwon, Kyung Ok;Kim, Myung Ja
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.457-461
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    • 1998
  • The vesicle system of DPPC(dipalmitoylphosphaticylcholine)/Chol(Cholesterol) has been modified by incorporating various mole fractions of flourinated surfactant($C_8F_{17}(CH_2)_2OCO-CH_2CH(SO_3Na)COO(CH_2)_2C_8F_{17}$. Sodium bis(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecaflurododecyl)-2-sulfosuccinate, FS)/fluorinated fatty acid salt ($C_7F_{15}COONH_4$, ammoniumpentadecaflurooctyrate, FFS), and their physicochemical properties have been investigated in an attempt to enhance the stability of phospholipid vesicle system. The ${\zeta}$-potential measurement by use of Zetamaster sub-micron Particle Electrophoresis Analyzer (Malvern Co.) showed that a charged homogeneous DPPC/Chol/FS vesicle has been formed owing to the incorporated FFS effect on the membrane, playing a role as a cosurfactant in the bilayer between DPPC and FS components. With increase in the concentration of FFS, it was found that the particle size and also surface charge of the DPPC/Chol/FS vesicle decreased. The stability of DPPC/Chol/FS/FFS liposome was found to be enhanced significantly compared to that of DPPC/Chol/FS according to the dispersity change as a function of time. The release rate of dye molecule of Methylene Blue from the DPPC/Chol/FS/FFS vesicle was determined to be slower than that of DPPC/Chol/FS system, and it may be attributed to the increase in microviscosity of the hydrophobic region in the bilayer. The affinfinity of DPPC/Chol/FS/FFS vesicles to albumin was found to be slightly lowered compared to that of DPPC/Chol/FS. Based on these findings, it was confirmed that a more stable and homogeneous vesicle system of DPPC/Chol/FS could be prepared by addition of FFS, acting as a cosurfactant in the aggregate formation.

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Productivity of Mixed Pasture as Affected by White Clover Varieties and Plant Height in Cutting Dates (화이트 클로바 품종 및 예취시 초장이 혼파 초지의 생산성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, M.C.;Ko, S.B.;Choi, D.Y.;Lee, J.E.;Kim, D.A.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1999
  • To find out the way to be able to prolong the grazing years of mixed pasture under Cheju summer-hot weather, an experiment designed with split plot (main plot : 3 cutting-plant height such as 15cm, 30cm and 45cm and sub plot : 4 white clover varieties such as Regal, Tahora, Brown and SRVR) was carried out at Cheju Agricultural Experiment Station during the period from Sept. 1994 to Oct. 1996 Dry matter yield in 15cm plant height in cutting dates has shown significantly lower increase than those in 30 and 45cm(P<0.05). There was highiy significant increase in dry matter yield of Brown plot when compared with other varieties of white clover in 2nd year(P<0.01). There was no difference on botanical composition of mixed sward as affected by plant height in cuttings dates in 2nd year. The percentage of white clover tends to lower in white clover varieties Brown and SRVR when compared with Regal and Tahora. The rate of weed was not affected by plant height in cutting dates and white clover variety in mixed pasture at last cutting time of 2nd year. In 15cm plant height, concentration of ADE and NDF was the lowest one while P contents was the highest one(P<0.01). Potassium contents was the lowest one in 30cm plant cutting height(P<0.05), and nitrogen showed statistically interaction between plant cutting height and white clover variety(P<0.01). White clover variety was no effective on concentration of constituents in mixed pastures. In conclusion, white clover variety SRVR harvested at 15cm plant height is effective on nutrient value of pasture and balance of grass and white clover in botanical composition.

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Evaluation of Social Nicotine Dependence Using the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND-K) Questionnaire in Korea (Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence(KTSND-K) 설문지를 통한 한국인의 사회적 니코틴의존성의 평가)

  • Jeong, Jae Hee;Choi, Sang Bong;Jung, Wou Young;Byun, Min Gwang;Park, Moo Suk;Kim, Young Sam;Kim, Se Kyu;Chang, Joon;Yoshii, Chiharu;Kim, Sung Kyu
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.62 no.5
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    • pp.365-373
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    • 2007
  • Background: Smoking is one of the most important leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Smoking habit is recognized as nicotine dependence, which consists of physical and psychosocial dependence. To evaluate social nicotine dependence, the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND) working group developed a new questionnaire, which consists of 10 questions with a total score of 30 in Japan. We examined the social nicotine dependence among healthy adults using the new KTSND questionnaire and evaluated validity of the KTSND questionnaire in Korea. Method: We applied Korean KTSND questionnaire version 2 to employees of hospital, university students and people for medical examination and promotion test. Complete data obtained from the 741 responders were analyzed. Result: The mean age of responders was 31.8 years. Among them, males were 57.8%. Current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers were 13.8%, 12.8%, and 73.4% respectively. According to smoking status, the total KTSND scores of current smokers were significantly higher than those of ex-smokers, and of non-smokers ($17.1{\pm}5.4$ versus $14.3{\pm}5.5$, and $12.3{\pm}5.5$, $p{\leq}0.001$). The total KTSND scores of males were higher than those of females, suggesting that males have a propensity for depending nicotine socially much more than females ($14.3{\pm}5.7$ and $11.7{\pm}5.4$ respectively, p<0.001). Eight of ten questions produced significantly different scores among three different smoking groups. When current smokers were sub-classified by heavy smoking index (HSI) that represented physical nicotine dependence, we did not find a significant difference of KTSND score between low HSI group (<4) and high HSI group (${\geq}4$), This finding suggested that the psychosocial dependence might play a different role from physical nicotine dependence in smoking. Most of the non-smokers (62.5%) had an experience of harmful passive smoking especially in public place. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the KTSND questionnaire could be a useful method to evaluate psychosocial aspects of smoking.

A Study on the Research Trend and Future Development Direction of Mt. Baekdu in Korea (국내 백두산 분화 관련 연구 동향 분석 및 향후 발전방향 제시)

  • Park, Sung-Hwan;Lee, MoungJin;Lee, Jun-Hee;Lee, Jong-Ho;Jung, Hyung-Sub
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.149-170
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this paper is to figure out the research direction and information regarding Mt. Baekdu in Korea through analyses of the research field and trends. Firstly, we made inventory of journal papers, conference proceedings, and research reports published related to Mt. Baekdu. A total of 255 data, spanning the 34 years from the 1980s to the middle of 2014, were acquired and classified into categories according to the year, field, contents and study area. Results show that research on Mt. Baekdu has been performed more than twice since 2010 and study regarding prediction has been carried out in 54.7% cases. In addition, the importance of geo-spatial information is expected to increase in order to study Mt. Baekdu. Secondly, we made and analyzed a geospatial information using inventory of 234 detailed research contents in research reports by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR). Statistics on categories show that research regarding prediction accounted for 81.6% of cases and the study of geo-spatial information utilization accounted for 54.7% of cases. However, the focus on studying the Mt. Baekdu region accounted for only 20.1% of cases. Thus, this indicates that it is necessary to do research at Mt. Bakdu itself. If the directly available geo-spatial information system is developed related to Mt. Baekdu, it will save research costs and analysis time. This study can be used to manage information about the research field of Mt. Baekdu by analysing inventory of research references and geospatial information using inventories when the Mt. Baekdu area is the focus of future research.

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Clinical Significance of MRI Findings During Medical Treatment for Tuberculous Spondylitis (척추염 환자의 약물치료기간 중 추적 검사한 MRI소견 변화의 임상적 중요성)

  • Kim, Dae-Jung;Chung, Tae-Sub;Suh, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Keun-Su;Cho, Yong-Eun;Yoon, Young-Sul;Kim, Sam-Soo
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.146-151
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : To evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of non-surgically treated tuberculous spondylitis and to evaluate the relationships between these features and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods : Data from ten patients (male:female=6:4, mean age=45 years) with clinically proven tuberculous spondylitis who were treated nonsurgically over three months were analyzed retrospectively from 2000 to 2007. MRI was performed at least three times for each patient, at baseline, every three or six months, and at the end of treatment. All images were analyzed by two radiologists. Results : The mean follow-up period for the MR examination was 10.1 months (range, 4-17 months). Six patients had clinically complete resolution of tuberculous spondylitis with medication treatment only. Four patients were treated with surgical management alongside medication. All ten patients were divided into two groups by clinical outcome; six patients with complete treatment and four patients with incomplete treatment. In the complete treatment group, follow-up MR findings showed a loss of subligamentous spread of abscesses, decreased size of abscesses, no interval changes in vertebral body heights, and fatty changes in spinal lesions. MR findings in the incomplete treatment group showed bone marrow edema extension to adjacent vertebra, extension of the abscesses, and decreased height of the vertebral bodies. Conclusion : During the nonsurgical management of tuberculous spondylitis, MR imaging may play a role in predicting patient response to antituberculous drug treatment.

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Effects of Polyethylene Mulch and Levels and Placements of Nitrogen on Soil Properties and Sweet Corn Growth (비닐 피복, 질소시비량 및 시비방법이 토양의 이화학적 특성과 단옥수수의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • 이석순;백준호
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.334-339
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    • 1985
  • A sweet corn hybrid, Honey Bantam, was planted on 24 May, 1984 in a silty clay loam soil to investigate the effects of polyethylene(P.E.) mulch and different levels and placements of Nitrogen(N) on soil properties and sweet corn growth. A split-split plot design with three replications was employed; P.E. mulch and bare soil were main plot, N levele of 8, 12, 16, and 20 kg/10a were subplot, and band and broadcast of fertilizers were sub-subplots. At early growth stage soil temperature under P.E. mulch was higher than that in bare soil by 5-10$^{\circ}C$, but the differences decreased as plant growth advanced. Soil hardness increased with soil depth while P.E. mulch reduced soil hardness probably by holding high soil moisture. Soil pH decreased up to the 6th week after planting and then increased in bare soil, but it contineously decreased up to the 8th weeks under P.E. mulch regardless N levels and placements. Electrical conductivity(EC) of soil increased up to the 6th weeks after planting and then decreased in all treatments except broadcast of fertilizers under P.E. mulch where EC increased contineously. Generally, soil EC under P.E. mulch was higher than that in broadcast. Broadcast of fertilizers did not affect emergence of seedlings in all N levels under P.E. mulch and bare soil, but band of fertilizers at all N levels under P.E. mulch and higher levels of N in bare soil reduced emergence rate significantly. Percent stand was possitively correlated with soil EC and it strongly influenced the number of marketable ears. Plant growth was enhanced and silking date was earlier by 14-19 days under P.E. mulch compared to bare soil probably due to increased soil moisture, reduced soil hardness and higher soil temperature.

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Antifungal Activity of Bacillus sp. AM-651 Against Phytophthora capsici (고추역병 유발병원균 Phytophthora capsici에 대한 Bacillus sp. AM-651의 항진균활성)

  • Lee, Jung-Bok;Shin, Jeong-Hak;Jang, Jong-Ok;Shin, Kee-Sun;Choi, Chung-Sik;Kim, Kun-Woo;Jo, Min-Sub;Jeon, Chun-Pyo;Kim, Yun-Hoi;Kwon, Gi-Seok
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.227-232
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    • 2008
  • Biological antagonists of Phytophthora capsici were isolated from soil in Gyeongbuk, Korea. Among the isolated bacteria, a Bacillus sp. was identified from l6S rDNA sequence analysis and named Bacillus sp. AM-651. Bacillus sp. AM-65l strain which can strongly a antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici. Culture conditions for the maximum production of the antagonistic substance were optimized. The production of antibiotic were high on modified Davis mineral medium pH 7 at $30^{\circ}C$. The medium for highest production of the agonistic substance optimized. It is composed the best activity on glucose, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $K_2HPO_4$ at 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.7%, respectively. By time course of culture solution selected Bacillus sp. AM-65l, the culture solution after 48hrs had strongly growth inhibition rate against P. capsici. And culture solution of Bacillus sp. AM-651 was stable within a pH range $5{\sim}11$ and temperature range $4{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. Bacillus sp. AM-651 cultured broth shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against B. sorokiniana, B. cinerea, R. solani avove and beyond P. capsici and comparatively showed a high activity against C. gloeosporioides, B. dothidea, B. cinerea and F. graminearum by agar diffusion method.