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Application of Bender Elements in Consolidation, Tomography, and Liquefaction Tests (압밀, 토모그래피, 액상화시험에서 벤더엘리먼트의 적용)

  • Lee, Jong-Sub;Lee, Chang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.43-54
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    • 2006
  • The scope of this paper covers the applications of bender element tests in consolidation, tomography, and liquefaction. Loading and unloading time during consolidation are evaluated based on shear wave velocity. As S-wave velocity is dependent on effective stress, the loading step may be determined. However, cautions are required due to the different mechanism between the settlement and effective stress criteria. The stress history may be evaluated because the S-wave shows the cement controlled regime and stress controlled regimes. A fixed frame complemented with bender elements permits S-wave tomography The tomography system is tested at low confinement within a true triaxial cell. Results show that shear wave velocity tomography permits monitoring changes in the velocity field which is related to the average effective stress. To monitor the liquefaction phenomenon, S-wave trans-illumination is implemented with a high repetition rate to provide detailed information on the evolution of shear stiffness during liquefaction. The evolution of shear wave propagation velocity and attenuation parallel the time-history of excess pore pressure during liquefaction. Applications discussed in this paper show that bender elements can be a very effective tool for the detection of shear waves in the laboratory.

A Comparison between BSCS's Guide and the Korean Curriculum for Developing Biological Literacy (생물학적 소양의 함양을 위한 BSCS 통합 권고안과 6,7차 교육과정 비교)

  • Koo, Soo-Jeong;Kim, Young-Shin;Kim, Byung-Suk;Lee, Sung-Jo;Chung, Wan-Ho
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.396-410
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    • 2000
  • In this study, the concept presentation form, the content coherence of sub-dimensional concepts and the number of concepts of the 6th and the 7th Korean curriculum were analyzed comparing the guide to developing the secondary biology curricula to develop biological literacy with BSCS. According to the result, the discrimination between concept levels in the frame of contents of the Korean curricula is insufficient, because each of concepts presented in the knowledge domain as upper level and sub-dimensional concept elements as lower level are simply arrayed. Considering too much concepts of ecosystem, genetics, reproduction and metabolism, there should be an effort to reform the biological curriculum to include concepts evenly, not in the biased state, to reflect all the 6 unifying principles by BSCS for developing students' biological literacy. Finally there should be an effort to reflect the characteristics of each subjects concretely among Science 10, Biology I and Biology IT in the 7th curriculum considering the result that essential concepts to develop biological literacy are presented more in some principles of Biology II than Biology I. Thinking the results of the present study, concrete discussions should be made to set up the standard reference about biological literacy and to present essential concepts for teaching and learning to develop it in the process of biology textbook development for meeting the 7th Korean curriculum and in the development of 8th Korean curriculum in advance.

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The Path Formation of Thailand's Electricity/Energy Regime and Sustainability Assessment (태국 전력/에너지 체제의 경로 형성과 지속가능성 평가)

  • EOM, Eun Hui;SHIN, Dong Hyuk
    • The Southeast Asian review
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.1-40
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    • 2017
  • This study aims to examine the electricity/energy regime of Thailand, the largest energy-hungry country in the Mekong region. This study examined how the electricity/energy regime of Thailand has been shaped and changed up to the present, not only at the national level but also at the sub-regional level covering the Mekong region. Meanwhile, according to the Paris Agreement in 2015, which will get in to effect from 2020, developing countries as well as developed countries have been given voluntary responsibilities and reduction obligations in response to global climate change. Under the post 2020 Climate Change Regime, Thailand also needs to revise its existing electricity/energy policy. We reviewed the recent energy policy of Thailand and evaluated the possibility of transition to a sustainable energy system based on Energy Trilemma's analysis framework. And we examined the roles and impacts of the Thai civil society on the national power and energy planning as well as in the future climate change policy. As a result of the analysis, it can be seen that Thailand's electricity/energy regime has grown rapidly through the support of the West countries under the Cold War era. In particular, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand(EGAT) played the key role in Thailand's energy policy. In addition, Thailand's geopolitical location and relatively high economic level compared to neighboring countries will continue to be of importance in the future construction of power grids in the region. Meanwhile, in the frame of Energy Trilemma, Thailand has still been vulnerable to environmental sustainability. Thai NGOs have resisted to as well as collaborated with the government to influence the existing electricity/energy policy in the various dimensions but their influence has weakened considerably since the coup in 2014. In conclusion, this study suggests to cooperate with government as well as civil society for sustainable energy transformation of Thailand and Mekong region.

Trends and Prospects of N. Korea Military Provocations After the Sinking of ROKS Cheon-an (천안함 폭침 이후 북한의 군사도발 양상과 전망)

  • Kim, Sung-Man
    • Strategy21
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    • s.34
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    • pp.58-92
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    • 2014
  • Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

Stereotactic Radiotherapy by 6MV Linear Accelerator (6MV 선형가속기를 이용한 정위다방향 단일 고선량 조사)

  • Oho, Yoon-Kyeong;Kim, Mi-Hee;Gil, Hak-Jun;Yoon, Sei-Chul;Lee, Jae-Moon;Choi, Kyu-Ho;Shinn, Kyung-Sub;Bahk, Yong-Whee;Kim, Moon-Chan;Kang, Joon-Ki;Song, Jin-Un
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.269-276
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    • 1988
  • Eight patients with intracranial tumors or arteriovenous malformation (AVM)s which were less than 3 cm in diameter were treated by a technique of stereotactic radiotherapy during the 4months period from July 1988 through October 1988 at the Division of Radiation Therapy, Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. The patients were diagnosed as AVMs in 3 cases, acoustic neurinoma, craniopharyngiom (recurrent), hemangioblastoma, pineocytoma, and pituitary microadenoma in each case. There are several important factors in this procedure, such as localization system, portal, field size, radiation dose, and perioperative supportive care. It is suggested that stereotactic radiotherapy may be peformed safely with a radiation dose of 12-30 Gy. So this nonivasive procedure can be used to treat unresectable intracranial tumors or AVMs. Of these, clinical symptoms had been regressed in AVMs in 2 cases at 3 months and 2 months after Stereotactic radiotherapy, one of whom was confirmed slightly regressed on the follow-up angiogram. And also craniopharyngioma and pineocytoma was minimally regressed on 3 month follow-up CT.

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Cloning and Characterization of a 5-Enolpyruvyl Shikimate 3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Gene from Korean Lawn Grass (Zoysia japonica) (들잔디 5-Enolpyruvyl Shikimate 3-Phosphate Synthase(EPSPS) 유전자 클로닝 및 특성)

  • Lee, Hye-Jung;Lee, Geung-Joo;Kim, Dong-Sub;Kim, Jin-Beak;Ku, Ja-Hyeong;Kang, Si-Yong
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.648-655
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    • 2010
  • This study is the first comprehensive report on the molecular cloning, structural characterization, sequence comparison between wild and mutant types, copy number in the genome, expression features and activities of a gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in Korean lawn grass ($Zoysia$ $japonica$). The full length cDNA of the EPSPS from Korean lawn grass ($zj$EPSPS) obtained from a 3' and 5' RACE method was 1540 bp, containing a 1176 bp ORF, a 144 bp leader sequence (5' UTR) and a 220 bp 3' UTR, which was eventually decoded 391 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 41.74 kDa. The Southern blot detection of the $zj$EPSPS showed that the gene exists as a single copy in the Korean lawn grass genome. Sequence comparison of the $zj$EPSPS gene demonstrated that the glyphosate-tolerant mutant (GT) having a Pro-53 to Ser substitution in the gene seems to have a preferred binding activity of the enzyme to phosphoenol pyruvate(PEP) over glyphosate, which allows the continuous synthesis of aromatic amino acids in the shikimate pathway. From the Northern blotting analysis, the $zj$EPSPS was found to be highly expressed, with continuous increase until 36 hours after 0.5% glyphosate treatment in both wild and mutant samples, but 1.5-fold higher EPSP synthase activity was observed in the tolerant mutant when exposed to the glyphosate treatment. The molecular information of the $zj$EPSPS gene obtained from this study needs to be further dissected to be more effectively applied to the development of gene-specific DNA markers and zoysiagrass cultivars; nevertheless, the glyphosate-tolerant mutant having the featured $zj$EPSPS gene can be provided to turfgrass managers for weed problems with timely adoptable management options.

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase (F3'H) Gene from a Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) and Its Gamma-ray Irradiated Mutants (감마선 처리에 의한 스프레이형 국화 화색변이체로부터 Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase(F3'H) 유전자의 분리 및 특성 구명)

  • Chung, Sung-Jin;Lee, Geung-Joo;Kim, Jin-Baek;Kim, Dong-Sub;Kim, Sang-Hoon;Kang, Si-Yong
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.162-170
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    • 2012
  • The objectives of this study were to isolate and the sequence of novel $F3'H$ gene related to an anthocyanin pathway, and to confirm the expression patterns of the gene involved in the flower color variations of chrysanthemum mutants. In this study, we isolated the full-length cDNAs and the genomic DNAs of an $F3'H$ gene from a wild type (WT) chrysanthemum (cv. Argus) and its three color mutants. The sequence analysis revealed a putative open reading frame of 1,527 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 509 amino acids. Sequence homology ranged from 97% to 99% between 'Argus' and its three color mutants. The sequence analysis from the genomic DNA revealed that the chrysanthemum $DgF3'H$ gene consisted of three exons and two introns spanning a 3,830 bp length. The sizes of the gene for three mutants ranged from a shorter size of 3,828 bp to a longer size of 3,838 bp when compared to the size of WT. The total size of the two introns was 2,157 bp for WT, but those for three color mutants ranged from 2,154 bp to 2,159 bp. A result of an RT-PCR analysis indicated that the color variations of the mutants AM1 and AM2 can be partly explained by the structural modification derived from the sequencial changes in the gene caused by gamma ray. A Southern blot analysis revealed that the $DgF3'H$ gene existing as multiple copies in the chrysanthemum genome. A systemic study will be further needed to provide a genetic mechanism responsible for the color mutation and to uncover any involvement of genetic elements for the expression of the $DgF3'H$ gene for the color variation in chrysanthemum.

The Content Analysis of the Clothing Life Unit in the Technology.Home Economics Textbooks of Middle School Based on the Elaboration Theory (정교화 교수이론에 근거한 중학교 기술.가정 교과서 의생활 영역 분석)

  • Heo, YoungSun;Choi, MinJi;Son, Juyoung;Kim, SaetByeol;Baek, MinKyung;Shim, Huensup
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.35-52
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    • 2014
  • This study analyzed the 12 different technology home economics textbooks I, II for middle school students and the content systems of the textbooks by 7 instructional strategies in Reigeluth's elaboration theory. The units analyzed were 'Clothing and self-expression' and 'Eco-friendly clothing life and recycling by reform'. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for the development of textbooks and teaching materials by analyzing current textbooks. Researchers analyzed the textbooks individually using pre-developed analysis frame using Reigeluth's elaboration theory. The results of the study were as follows. The conceptual elaboration process was used in the unit of 'Clothing and self-expression' of all the textbooks used in this study, and procedural elaboration process was mostly used in the unit of 'Eco-friendly clothing life and recycling by reform'. The strategies of advance learning ability were presented mostly in the forms of 'Learning Objective', 'Thought Opening', 'Key terms' in either unit and sub unit. The strategies of summarizer were presented as 'Unit Summary', 'Cleanup' and 'Assessment'. The strategies of synthesizer were used in all the textbooks as the 'Exploration' to increase the students interest through the promotion of the learning content in a variety of activities and projects. The cognitive activator strategies were shown in all of the textbooks using mostly 'Figure,' and others such as 'Table,' 'Diagram', and 'Explanation of Terms'. The strategies of learner control were used to guide the supplement and deepen the learning by various forms. However the analogy strategies were hardly used in units of textbooks analyzed in this study. As a result, the technology home economics textbooks I, II for middle school students applied the Reigeluth's elaboration theory, except the analogy strategies. It is recommended to utilize th analogy strategies and various activities to enhance the students' understanding and participation.

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Development of Industrial Embedded System Platform (산업용 임베디드 시스템 플랫폼 개발)

  • Kim, Dae-Nam;Kim, Kyo-Sun
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.50-60
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    • 2010
  • For the last half a century, the personal computer and software industries have been prosperous due to the incessant evolution of computer systems. In the 21st century, the embedded system market has greatly increased as the market shifted to the mobile gadget field. While a lot of multimedia gadgets such as mobile phone, navigation system, PMP, etc. are pouring into the market, most industrial control systems still rely on 8-bit micro-controllers and simple application software techniques. Unfortunately, the technological barrier which requires additional investment and higher quality manpower to overcome, and the business risks which come from the uncertainty of the market growth and the competitiveness of the resulting products have prevented the companies in the industry from taking advantage of such fancy technologies. However, high performance, low-power and low-cost hardware and software platforms will enable their high-technology products to be developed and recognized by potential clients in the future. This paper presents such a platform for industrial embedded systems. The platform was designed based on Telechips TCC8300 multimedia processor which embedded a variety of parallel hardware for the implementation of multimedia functions. And open-source Embedded Linux, TinyX and GTK+ are used for implementation of GUI to minimize technology costs. In order to estimate the expected performance and power consumption, the performance improvement and the power consumption due to each of enabled hardware sub-systems including YUV2RGB frame converter are measured. An analytic model was devised to check the feasibility of a new application and trade off its performance and power consumption. The validity of the model has been confirmed by implementing a real target system. The cost can be further mitigated by using the hardware parts which are being used for mass production products mostly in the cell-phone market.

Exploring Cognitive Achievement Characteristics by Group of Achievement Levels in the PISA 2018 Science Domain and Education for Cultivating Epistemic Knowledge in the National Curriculum (PISA 2015와 비교한 PISA 2018 과학 영역의 성취수준별 인지적 성취 특성과 교육과정 상 인식론적 지식 함양을 위한 교육 탐색)

  • Lee, Shinyoung
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.401-414
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to explore the cognitive achievement characteristics by group of achievement levels in the PISA 2018 science domain compared to the results of the PISA 2015, and to compare and analyze the 'epistemic' knowledge in the revised curriculum 2009 and in the revised curriculum 2007. The average correctness rates in PISA 2015 and PISA 2018 were analyzed by sub category of the evaluation frame in the PISA scientific domain. In the competencies domain, especially, the average correct answer rates of 'evaluating and designing scientific inquiry' were the lowest in medium and lower groups, but the rates rose in all achievement groups compared to PISA 2015, which is encouraging. Although the answer rates were low for both 'living system' knowledge and 'epistemic' knowledge in the knowledge domain, the average answer rates of the upper and middle groups increased in 'epistemic' knowledge compared to PISA 2015. The changes in the curriculum experienced by students participating in PISA were analyzed in relation to the 'evaluating and designing scientific inquiry' competency and 'epistemic' knowledge, which increased in average correct answer rates. In terms of understanding science, the "What is science?" unit that explicitly presents epistemic knowledge, and nature of model in inquiry activities, were explicitly presented in the revised curriculum 2009. In terms of understanding the process of justifying scientific knowledge, the number of inquiry activities increased, scientific explanations based on experimental results strengthened, and the "Science and Human Civilization" unit was introduced to help students to understand STS while simultaneously conducting arguments. These findings confirm the educational performance of groups by achievement level in the PISA 2018 scientific domain and suggest that the direction of education relates to epistemic knowledge in Korea's Science curriculum.