• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2023

Tramadol is an opioid analog used to treat chronic and acute pain. Intradermal injections of tramadol at hundreds of millimoles have been shown to produce a local anesthetic effect. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in this study to investigate whether tramadol blocks the sodium current in HEK293 cells, which stably express the pain threshold sodium channel Na_v1.7 or the cardiac sodium channel Na_v1.5. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of tramadol was 0.73 mM for Na_v1.7 and 0.43 mM for Na_v1.5 at a holding potential of -100 mV. The blocking effects of tramadol were completely reversible. Tramadol shifted the steady-state inactivation curves of Na_v1.7 and Na_v1.5 toward hyperpolarization. Tramadol also slowed the recovery rate from the inactivation of Na_v1.7 and Na_v1.5 and induced stronger use-dependent inhibition. Because the mean plasma concentration of tramadol upon oral administration is lower than its mean blocking concentration of sodium channels in this study, it is unlikely that tramadol in plasma will have an analgesic effect by blocking Na_v1.7 or show cardiotoxicity by blocking Na_v1.5. However, tramadol could act as a local anesthetic when used at a concentration of several hundred millimoles by intradermal injection and as an antiarrhythmic when injected intravenously at a similar dose, as does lidocaine.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.35.1-35.6
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• 2020

Background: Miescher's cheilitis granulomatosa (MCG) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease and is known as the monosymptomatic clinical form of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). It is characterised by swelling of one or both lips and more frequently affects the upper lip. Histopathological findings show the presence of numerous inflammatory infiltrates and granuloma formations. Pharmacological treatments and surgery have provided results that are positive yet insufficiently stable in the long term. The clinical case described is of a 68-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of MCG of the upper lip. Case presentation: The patient was diagnosed and treated at the Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology outpatient clinic of Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. The patient was recommended localised treatments of photobiomodulation (PBM) using a diode laser with a 635 nm and 980 nm dual-wavelength (λ) approach, a 600-micron fibre, and a handpiece with a 1-cm-diameter lens at 300 mW. Three treatments a week were administered for four weeks for a total of 12 treatment sessions (T₁-T₁₂). After that, the patient had a long follow-up period of about 2 years. The therapeutic results were clear from the initial stages of treatment. There was an immediate, gradual, and consistent reduction in labial swelling. A reduction in the size of the lip by about 35% at T₁₀-T₁₂ was observed, returning the size and volume of the upper lip within the normal clinical range. The painful symptoms subsided after the seventh treatment (T₇). The histopathological check at 3 months and the follow-up in particular confirmed the disease was in remission with satisfactorily stable treatment results. Moreover, the patient did not use any other treatments on the area from the early laser treatments through to the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions: Our experience describes a clinical case of MCG treated with PBM and effectively resolved with a reduction of the lip swelling. The real success of the treatment emerged over time, showing that the tissue healing was stable. In absence of any collateral phenomena, this confirms the effective and documented therapeutic potential of PBM for chronic inflammatory infiltrates.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1998

Shoulder is a common site for calcific deposit and is frequently asymptomatic. There is a general agreement that calcific tendinitis should be initially treated nonoperatively and excision reserved for cases unresponsive to the conservative measures. There are several reports that arthroscopic excision of symptomatic calcific deposit is proved to be efficient in the calcific tendinitis refractory to nonoperative management. The results of arthroscopic treatment of chronic resistant calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in eleven patients were evaluated. Each patient had shoulder pain for more than one year prior to the arthroscopic surgery. The average age of the patients was 48 years(range 35-70). Arthroscopic calcium removal and subacromial bursectomy was performed in all patients. Arthroscopic acromioplasty was additionally done in four patients. The results turned out to be good in nine patients with full range of motion and complete pain relief. One patient with full motion and occcasional episodes of pain was satisfactory. One patient with persistent pain was unsatisfactory which converted to satisfactory six months later after subacromial injection. So we conclude that the arthroscopic treatment is a reasonable alternative in treatment of the chronic calcific tendinitis resistant to conservative treatment.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.426-429
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• 2018

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is characterized by eosinophilia and organ damage. Imatinib is widely used for treating CEL, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Unfortunately, the cancer cells gain resistance against the drug after prolonged molecular-targeted therapies. Imatinib-resistant EoL-1 (EoL-1-IR) cells were produced from chronic eosinophilic leukemia cells (EoL-1) after treatment with imatinib for a long duration. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis revealed numerous protein variations in the EoL-1 and EoL-1-IR sub-types. Compared to the EoL-1 cells, expression levels of TIP49, RBBP7, ${\alpha}$-enolase, adenosine deaminase, C protein, galactokinase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and human protein homologous to DROER were increased, whereas core I protein, proteasome subunit p42, heterogeneous ribonuclear particle protein, chain B, and nucleoside diphosphate were decreased in the EoL-1-IR cells. Taken together, these results contribute to understanding the pathogenic mechanism of drug-resistant diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2020

Stauntonia hexaphylla (SH) and Vaccinium bracteatum (VB) are herbal extracts widely used in food and traditional herbal medicine, and have the ability to perform a wide range of biological activities. We aimed to investigate the effects of the SH and VB combination (SHVB) on mice models of chronic restraint stress (CRS) and pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. CRS-exposed mice treated with SHVB showed significantly decreased immobility time, increased swimming and climbing times in the forced swim test (FST), and increased locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT). SHVB decreased serum CORT levels, but enhanced brain monoamine neurotransmitters. SHVB significantly decreased the sleep latency and increased total sleep duration in pentobarbital-induced sleeping behavior in mice. SHVB showed inhibitory effect on 5-HT_2A receptor-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These results suggest that SHVB has antidepressant and hypnotic effects by regulating the 5-HT_2A receptor.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to present the IMU sensor based trunk stabilization exercise and to evaluate the changes in the muscle activity and thickness with non-specific low back pain patients (N=30). They were classified into two groups; lumbar stabilization exercise using IMU sensor (ILS), (n₁=20) and general lumbar stabilization exercise (GLS), (n₂=10). By comparing the difference between pre and post intervention via trunk muscle activity and muscle thickness, the significant differences were identified. Muscle activity was measured on external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and multifidus (MF) by using surface electromyography (sEMG). Muslce thickness was measured on external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis (TrA), and multifidus (MF) by using ultrasonography. sEMG activity was recorded at right side-bridge position. Each group performed the proposed lumbar stabilization exercise for 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Trunk muscle activity was observed with a significant increase in the IO of ILS (p<.05) and a decrease in the MF of GLS (p<.05). Trunk muscle thickness was significantly increased in left EO and both IO of GLS (p<.05), and also significant increased right EO, both IO, both TrA, and both MF of the ILS (p<.05). In the future, a convergence approach of rehabilitation and engineering is needed to select a sensor suitable for rehabilitation purposes, study the validity and reliability of data, and produce appropriate rehabilitation contents.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.27-27
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• 1996

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2011

We investigated the physiological responses by acute and chronic gamma-irradiation in rice. The rice, Oryza sativa L. cv Dongan, plants were irradiated with 100 and 400 Gy of gamma-rays for acute and chronic irradiation, and their morphological, chlorophyll content, MDA, proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were examined. The plant height of chronic irradiation samples were decrease with increase of a does than the control, but the number of tiller and dry weight of shoot were increased 100 Gy. Carotenoid and chrolorphyll content were decreased of all irradiated plants than non-irradiated plants. But, MDA and proline content were increased in 400 Gy both acute and chronic gamma irradiation. And the activities of antioxidant enzymes were different as gamma-irradiation patterns.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2011

In order to identify the genetic relationship analysis by acute and chronic gamma irradiation, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) were irradiated with 200 Gy of gamma-rays using gamma-irradiator (3,000 Ci; Nordion, Canada) and gamma-phytotron (400 Ci; Nordion, Canada) for acute and chronic irradiation, respectively. Genetic relationship among two acute gamma-irradiated plants (A1 and A24) and three chronic gamma-irradiated plants (C1W, C2W, C3W) were analyzed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique compared with each non-irradiated plant. A total of 28 EcoRI and MseI primer combinations were used to screen 8 treatments by the ABI3130 capillary electrophoresis system. Amplified products by 28 primer sets showed 1,679 bands with an average of 51 bands per primer combination. Out of the total bands scored, 1,164 fragments were polymorphic bands, with different alleles existing among the treatments. The cluster analysis was performed using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic) in the computer program NTSYS-pc. In clustery analysis, acute gamma-irradiation showed higher genetic variation compared with chronic gamma-irradiation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2022

Background: Post-tuberculosis (TB) sequelae is a commonly encountered clinical entity, especially in high TB burden countries. This may represent chronic anatomic sequelae of previously treated TB, with frequent symptomatic presentation. This pilot study was aimed to investigate the pulmonary functions and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with post-TB sequelae (PTBS) and to compare them with post-TB without sequelae (PTBWS) participants and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 30 participants were enrolled, PTBS (n=10), PTBWS (n=10), and healthy controls (n=10). Pulmonary function tests included spirometry and measurement of airway impedance by impulse oscillometry. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ were estimated. Results: Slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC, and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to controls. SVC and FEV₁ were significantly less in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Total airway impedance (Z₅), total airway resistance (R₅), central airway resistance (R₂₀), area of reactance (Ax), and resonant frequency (Fres) were significantly higher and respiratory reactance at 5 and 20 Hz (X₅, X₂₀) were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Spirometry parameters correlated with impulse oscillometry parameters in PTBS. Serum MMP-1 level was significantly higher in PTBS as compared to other groups. Conclusion: Significant pulmonary function impairment was observed in PTBS, and raised serum MMP-1 levels compared with PTBWS and healthy controls. Follow-up pulmonary function testing is recommended after treatment of TB for early diagnosis and treatment of PTBS.