• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2005

This study utilized data (a sample of 18,553 people born in 1958 in England, Scotland, and Wales) from the National Child Development Study of 1968 and 1991 to explore the influence of familial difficulties on the internalizing behavioral patterns during the early adolescent period and late life outcomes periods. In this paper, internalizing behavioral problems include 'depression', 'anxiety', 'hostility to adults', 'hostility to children', and 'withdrawal'. Late outcomes were analyzed in two different variables and one marital management domain: 'unemployment', 'seen doctors about emotional problems', 'divorce or separation; never lived as a couple; arguments end in violent behavior' The results indicate that young adolescents who had experienced familial difficulties also have internalizing behavioral problems giving them emotional and behavioral instability. The findings also show that familial difficulties during childhood positively contribute to late life outcomes such as unemployment, emotional problems, and marital management. This study suggests that in order to effectively respond to the needs of children and adolescents who have experienced various familial difficulties, counselors and educators must guide parents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2018

This paper evaluates the achievement of program outcomes using course-embedded assessment for information security programs. In the case study concerning the development of course-embedded assessment used in this paper, we evaluate program outcomes using various evaluation tools including the course evaluation data. In addition, we consider the evaluation rubric and evaluation procedure for course-embedded program outcomes, set performance criteria, select the probe course with high contribution to the program outcomes according to curriculum flowchart, set course objectives for the probe course, and explain the rubric for each assessment tool to measure achievement level. Subsequently, we perform course-embedded program outcomes assessment, based on tests and projectevaluation tool for each program objectives, and present the achievement levels based analysis results. These results prove the effectiveness of the proposed course-embedded assessment for program outcomes.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2020

Background: This study investigated the outcomes of pharyngeal flap surgery in Asian patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), with a focus on postoperative improvements in speech articulation and complications. Additionally, this study explored whether the cause of VPD and the timing of surgery affected outcomes in terms of speech improvement. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 72 Asian VPD patients who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery performed by a single surgeon from 1996 to 2014. Operative complications were analyzed for all 72 patients, and preoperative and postoperative speech articulation tests were compared for the subset of 43 patients in whom such testing was possible. The relationships of age at surgery and the cause of VPD with the extent of improvement in speech articulation were also investigated. Results: Nine of the 72 patients (13%) experienced wound-related complications. Furthermore, 34 patients (47%) reported persistent snoring lasting for over 3 months, and 16 (22%) reported snoring for over 1 year. Three patients (4%) underwent reoperation. Speech articulation scores significantly improved postoperatively across all groups. Younger age at surgery was associated with greater improvements in speech outcomes, but no significant relationship was found between the cause of VPD and the extent of the postoperative improvement in speech outcomes. Conclusion: Speech outcomes improved after pharyngeal surgery in Asian patients with VPD. Early surgery was associated with favorable speech outcomes, but no association was found between the cause of VPD and postoperative speech outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권51호
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• pp.328.1-328.12
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• 2018

Background: In cardiac arrest, the survival rate increases with the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), of which the initial response and treatment are critical. Telephone CPR is among the effective methods that might increase the provision of bystander CPR. This study aimed to describe and examine the improvement of neurological outcomes in individuals with out-of-hospital acute cardiac arrest by implementing the nationwide, standardized telephone CPR program. Methods: Data from the emergency medical service-based cardiac arrest registry that were collected between 2009 and 2014 were used. The effectiveness of the intervention in the interrupted time-series study was determined via a segmented regression analysis, which showed the risk ratio and risk difference in good neurological outcomes before and after the intervention. Results: Of 164,221 patients, 148,403 were analyzed. However, patients with unknown sex and limited data on treatment outcomes were excluded. Approximately 64.3% patients were men, with an average age of 63.7 years. The number of bystander CPR increased by 3.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-3.5) after the intervention, whereas the rate of good neurological outcomes increased by 2.6 times (95% CI, 2.3-2.9 [1.6%]; 1.4-1.7). The excess number was identified based on the differences between the observed and predicted trends. In total, 2,127 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after the intervention period received additional bystander CPR, and 339 cases of OHCA had good neurological outcomes. Conclusion: The nationwide implementation of the standardized telephone CPR program increased the number of bystander CPR and improved good neurological outcomes.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2021

The present study aims to demonstrate that it is possible to objectively evaluate the competency (referred to as graduate attributes or program outcomes) of graduates of engineering education programs. To strengthen the link between engineering education accreditation and the qualification/certification system of engineering professionals, referred to as K-Engineering Professional (K-EP), individually assuring the quality of accredited graduates using multiple-choice test as main assessment tool is proposed. Test questions related to the basic vocational skills of NCS are developed for seven of the 10 program outcomes of the ABEEK KEC2015. The three program outcomes, PO1, PO3, and PO5, which need to fully accommodate the characteristics of each disciplinary field, are excluded. A pilot test involving graduates of eight accredited programs is conducted. Applying on Rasch model based on Item Response Theory (IRT), the item difficulty, fit and discrimination of multiple choice test are demonstrated. The pilot study strongly suggests that individual competency evaluation is possible at a certain level for seven program outcomes tested. For PO1, PO3, and PO5, however, questions that address the characteristics of each disciplinary field need to be devised. If a suitable pool of questions is built, it can be used as a program outcomes assessment tool by the accredited programs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2021

This study purpose to empirically investigated the effects of Learning Presence perceived by university students at general universities who took Remote Classification in the first semester of 2020 on Learning Outcomes and the mediating effects of Learning Immersion. A total of 293 students were surveyed by conducting an online survey for about a month from Sep. 15, 2020, targeting college students attending general universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results of the study are as follows: First, Learning Presence had an effect on Learning Immersion and Learning Outcomes, and Learning Immersion had an effect on Learning Outcomes. Second, Learning Immersion had a mediating effect on the relationship between Learning Presence and Learning Outcomes. This study is meaningful in that it verified the relationship between Learning Presence, Learning Outcomes, and Learning Immersion perceived by college students who took Remote Classification in COVID19 response dimension.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to substantiate the relationship between on-the-job training (OJT) characteristic factors and OJT outcomes and the moderating effect of the tie strength between a trainer and a trainee on the relationship. OJT characteristic factors were composed of a unit of work to be learned, trainee's motivation, trainer's ability, OJT design, and OJT support. OJT outcomes included job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the research. The tie strength means a sense of intimacy with a trainer. All of the OJT characteristic factors, OJT outcomes, and the tie strength were defined operationally as the perceived ones by a trainee. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the data of 302 employees in a domestic travel agency as early career for seven years or less. The main methods for the analysis were multiple linear regression analysis and moderating effect analysis. The whole process of the data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 for windows. Results - The results of the study are as follows: First, every five element of OJT, including unit of work to be learned, trainee's motivation, trainer's ability, OJT design, and OJT support, showed positive influence on OJT outcomes - job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Second, the tie strength between a trainer and a trainee was positively related with OJT outcomes. Finally, the strength of ties between the trainer and the trainee was found positively to moderate the relationship of a unit of work to be learned, OJT design, or OJT support, with OJT outcomes. However, the moderating effect of the tie strength was not significant statistically between the trainee's motivation or the trainer's ability, and OJT outcomes. Conclusion - In the study, it was demonstrated that every OJT characteristic factors have a positive contribution to job satisfaction and organizational commitment for early career employees. In addition, the study showed the need to pay attention to improve the quality of relationships between trainers and trainees, in order to increase the impact of a unit of work to be learned, OJT design, and OJT support. These findings suggest the implications in the three factors as external factors that constitute OJT. The three factors are made by HRD practitioners who are involved in design and operation of the program as well as their interventions to improve the quality of the relationship between trainers and trainees. On the other hand, it was demonstrated in the research that trainee's motivation and trainer's ability, regardless of their tie strength, have a direct impact on OJT outcomes by itself. Moreover, the trainee's motivation and trainer's ability are intrinsic characteristics, rather than external factors that constitute OJT. Therefore, they are unlikely to be changed by HRD practitioners' interventions. In conclusion, it was argued in the research that the trainee's motivation and trainer's ability should be a consideration in selecting and matching partners in OJT participants before starting OJT.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2011

Purpose: The study assessed whether nurse staffing was associated with 3 nursing sensitive outcomes used in intensive care unit (ICU) nursing care plans. Methods: This study was a retrospective and descriptive study using clinical data extracted from the data warehouse of a large acute care hospital in the Midwest. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the records of 578 ICU patients admitted from March 25 to May 31, 2010. Results: 79 Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) outcomes were used in the nursing care plans. The 3 most commonly used NOC outcomes (Pain Level, Infection Severity, and Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes) were analyzed to determine their relationship to nurse staffing. As a nurse staffing ratio, the skill mix of nursing caregivers ranged from 0.74 to 1 with an average of 0.90. This skill mix of nursing caregivers significantly differed among the changes in Infection Severity scores. However, the mean difference was only 0.02. Conclusion: The results did not support that greater nurse staffing was associated with better outcomes. More research is still needed to determine the usefulness of Pain Level, Infection Severity, and Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes in evaluating the impact of nurse staffing.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to conduct Project Based Learning (PBL) in collaboration with industry experts to operate practical subjects in an industry-university-linked teaching method. PBL is a teaching method in which students can learn through actively engaging in real-world and personally meaningful projects. For a long period of time, PBL methodologies have been found to be especially effective in engineering education. This case study deals with the operational results of a practice subject which has been conducted over three years from 2017 to 2019 in Korea University of Technology and Education. The course is for the 4^th grade students in the school of mechatronics engineering. The results of the surveyed learning outcomes (for example, Program Outcomes and Course Learning Outcomes) have been analyzed and reflected in the next years for the Continuous Quality Improvement. By working on practical projects linked to industry, students have been able to develop so-called 4C's capabilities which are Critical Thinking, Creativity, Communication and Collaboration.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare birth outcomes between Korean women and immigrant women. Methods: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively from 201 immigrant women and 201 Korean women who delivered babies at K women's hospital in U city from January 2006 to December 2009. Maternal outcomes related factors included nationality, age, obstetric history, delivery type, indications of cesarean section, and complications of pregnancy and delivery. Principal neonatal outcomes were birth weight, Apgar scores, and complications of newborns. Results: Immigrant women were younger and had fewer pregnancies, abortions, and surviving children than Korean women. The rate of primary cesarean section and its indication in immigrant women were not significantly different from Korean women. However, immigrant women's newborn were more likely to have low birth weight and meconium staining. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate less equity of immigrant women in women's health care, although immigrant women's babies had lower Apgar score and more meconium staining. Nurses should help immigrant women cope with labor process effectively to prevent adverse health outcomes for their newborns.