• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.620-636
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze one science teacher's understanding of student argumentation and his explicit teaching strategies for implementing it in the classroom. One middle school science teacher, Mr. Field, and his students of 54 participated in this study. Data were collected through three semi-structured interviews, 60 hours of classroom observations, and two times of students' lab reports for eight weeks. Coding categories were developed describing the teacher's understanding of scientific argumentation and a description of the main teaching strategy, the Claim-Evidence Approach, was introduced. Toulmin's approach was employed to analyze student discourse as responses to see how much of this discourse was argumentative. The results indicated that Mr. Field defined scientific inquiry as the abilities of procedural skills through experimentation and of reasoning skills through argumentation. The Claim-Evidence Approach provided students with opportunities to develop their own claims based on their readings, design the investigation for evidence, and differentiate pieces of evidence from data to support their claims and refute others. During this approach, the teacher's role of scaffolding was critical to shift students' less extensive argumentation to more extensive argumentation through his prompts and questions. The different level of teacher's involvement, his explicit teaching strategy, and the students' scientific knowledge influenced the students' ability to develop and improve argumentation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1359-1365
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• 2008

The portion of header in H.264 gets higher than those of previous standards instead of its better compression efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a new technique to compress the header of H.264. Unifying a sentence elementary in H.264, H.264 does not consider the distribution of element which be encoded and uses existing Exp-Golomb method, but it is uneffective for variable length coding. Most of the header are block type(s) and motion vector difference(s), and there are redundancies in the header of H.264. The redundancies in the header of H.264 which are analyzed in this paper are three. There are frequently appearing symbols and non-frequently appearing symbols in block types. And when mode 8 is selected in macroblock, all of four sub-macroblock types are transferred. At last, same values come in motion vector difference, especially '0.' This paper proposes the algorithm using type code and quadtree, and with them presents the redundant information of header in H.264. The type code indicates shape of the macroblock and the quadtree does the tree structured motion compensation. Experimental results show that proposed algorithm achieves lower total number of encoded bits over JM12.4 up to 32.51% bit reduction.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-52
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to prospect for mutual maturity between therapist-client in Music and Imagery music therapy session from therapists' points of view. Qualitative data has been collected by in-depth interview of therapist-client mutual maturity process, then analysed with grounded theories. The questions of the study were to ask process of mutual maturity experienced by music and imagery therapist and meaning of the experience itself. Therapists ware to answer the moment of mutual maturity, realization and meaning of mutual maturity process through semi-structured in-depth interview. The four therapists who participated in the interview are certified MIT(Music & Imagery Therapist) by Lisa Summer and currently in training GIM. From the in-depth interview, 81 concepts have been collected and have been divided into 20 categories in open coding, then rearranged into 9 categories in axis coding. To explain music and imagery therapists' maturity process through grounded theory paradigm, as a result, the main phenomenon of experience was 'to deal with counter-transference'. When dealing their counter-transference, therapists experienced their maturity process. Supervision and musical/non-musical self-reflection are also used for interactive intervention medium. So, maturity of therapists leads to knowing and accepting herself and mature therapists are able to help clients mature.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.259-269
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• 2019

The main purpose of this study is to explore the foreign students' learning experiences in natural science basic course at college of engineering in Korea. The subjects were 7 but 4 students took part in the semi-structured interview. All of the interviews were recorded, and the recorded material was transferred and kept. The transcripts were analyzed in a qualitative method. The researchers answered the questionnaire to 7 foreign students who voluntarily participated in the study, and 4 in-depth interviews were also conducted. The interview took 30 minutes to 1 hour, and semi - structured interviewing technique was used. The contents of the interviews were all recorded with the consent of the participants, and the recorded materials were transferred and managed with the interview notes. The transferred data were analyzed based on the coding and categorization process according to the step of the continuous comparison method. The results of this study is the following. There are four themes; problems due to lack of Korean language ability when taking basic courses; problems of terms and concept understanding in major courses; supplementary learning methods of basic courses; necessity of natural science basic education program and requirement of support of the university.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.20-25
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• 1992

The location of the polyhedrin gene of Bmbyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus(BmNPV) was determined by using a cloned polyhedrin gene from the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus(AcNPV) as a hybridization probe. The 7.4 Kb PstⅠ fragment DNA of Bm-NPV was cloned to plasmid pUC19 vector. A fragment containing this gene was mapped and sequenced in its entire polyhedrin reading frame. Nucleotide sequences comparison of the polyhedrin of the BmNPV to that of previously reported by Ⅰatrou(1985) revealed that the sequence varied in 10 base, Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the two structured gene revealed that coding sequence varied 74 valine to isoleucine, 76 aspargine to serine and 155 methionine to valine.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2014

Utilizing spaces for awareness could be superficially noble. However, the typology of spaces played an important role in addressing the awareness of translating the messages through tangible forms, which in this context are sculptures. Assuring the efficacy of the typology of the spaces that is compatible with the content is important to ensure its timelessness to the dynamic demographical change of viewers. Therefore, the study proposes an investigation of the efficacy of typology of public urban space; garden that accommodates memorial sculptures. The study intends to analyze the features and flaws of ASEAN Sculpture Garden, as a mediatory role of ASEAN in instilling awareness of unity between ASEAN members to the public. The objective of the study is to analyze the efficacy of the garden to accommodate the rich memorial sculptures. The body of the research is formed by theoretical and case study research. It is projected by three methods; archival research, semi structured interviews and site documentation; direct observations and site visit. The qualitative data then will be analysed using Actor Network theory, keyword coding and site findings. Findings showed that as the main objective of the garden is to exhibit the sculptures, it could be summed up that it has failed to meet the apparent intention based on the site analysis conducted by the researcher. The typology of the space should be able to communicate the project's aims continuously rather than serving the function temporarily. The variables, which are space and time factors are debatable, as the neighboring tourist spot, National Monument residing the wide square managed to attract public attention due to its great efficacy of typological space regardless the time factor. As a conclusion, the typology of space is a huge factor to ensure the park's success.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.529-538
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• 2014

This study was conducted as an need analysis through close and open semi-structured surveys, in order to identify the adaptive elements of the adaptive e-learning system. The study was conducted on students majoring computer education in teacher's college. In terms of the process of the need analysis, Rossett Model was applied. For the research method, responses on the open questionnaire were analyzed. In terms of the analysis method, coding was used to extract the theme of the content, and through the constant comparison method, categorizing took place. As the element that offers adaption in the adaptive learning system, it escapes from the existing learning style, and recognized the importance of providing adaptability for different elements such as the learner's level, learning objectives, and learning contents. Especially, An instructional model was identified as an important element that helps reach rationality as well as efficiently conduct the learning objectives.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.300-311
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• 2014

According to fast change of the environment, the structured study of the ecosystem by analyzing the plant leaves are needed. Expecially, the methodology that searches and classifies the leaves from captured from the smart device have received numerous concerns in the field of computer science and ecology. In this paper, we propose a plant leaf classification technique using shape descriptor by combining Scale Invarinat Feature Transform (SIFT) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) from the image segmented from the background via Graphcut algorithm. The shape descriptor is coded in the field of Locality-constrained Linear Coding to optimize the meaningful features from a high degree of freedom. It is connected to Support Vector Machines (SVM) for efficient classification. The experimental results show that our proposed approach is very efficient to classify the leaves which have similar color, and shape.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.5015-5038
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• 2018

In this paper, a novel spectral-spatial joint sparse representation algorithm for hyperspectral image classification is proposed based on multi-layer superpixels in various scales. Superpixels of various scales can provide complete yet redundant correlated information of the class attribute for test pixels. Therefore, we design a joint sparse model for a test pixel by sampling similar pixels from its corresponding superpixels combinations. Firstly, multi-layer superpixels are extracted on the false color image of the HSI data by principal components analysis model. Secondly, a group of discriminative sampling pixels are exploited as reconstruction matrix of test pixel which can be jointly represented by the structured dictionary and recovered sparse coefficients. Thirdly, the orthogonal matching pursuit strategy is employed for estimating sparse vector for the test pixel. In each iteration, the approximation can be computed from the dictionary and corresponding sparse vector. Finally, the class label of test pixel can be directly determined with minimum reconstruction error between the reconstruction matrix and its approximation. The advantages of this algorithm lie in the development of complete neighborhood and homogeneous pixels to share a common sparsity pattern, and it is able to achieve more flexible joint sparse coding of spectral-spatial information. Experimental results on three real hyperspectral datasets show that the proposed joint sparse model can achieve better performance than a series of excellent sparse classification methods and superpixels-based classification methods.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.451-456
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• 2016

Background Comprehensive aesthetic surgery training continues to be a challenge for residency programs. Our residency program developed a rhinoplasty-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) based upon validated methods as part of the residency education curriculum. We report our experience with the rhinoplasty-based OSCE and offer guidance to its incorporation within residency programs. Methods The encounter involved resident evaluation and operative planning for a standardized patient desiring a rhinoplasty procedure. Validated OSCE methods currently used at our medical school were implemented. Residents were evaluated on appropriate history taking, physical examination, and explanation to the patient of treatment options. Examination results were evaluated using analysis of variance (statistical significance P<0.05). Results Twelve residents completed the rhinoplasty OSCE. Medical knowledge assessment showed increasing performance with clinical year, 50% versus 84% for postgraduate year 3 and 6, respectively (P<0.005). Systems-based practice scores showed that all residents incorrectly submitted forms for billing and operative scheduling. All residents confirmed that the OSCE realistically represents an actual patient encounter. All faculty confirmed the utility of evaluating resident performance during the OSCE as a useful assessment tool for determining the Next Accreditation System Milestone level. Conclusions Aesthetic surgery training for residents will require innovative methods for education. Our examination showed a program-educational weakness in billing/coding, an area that will be improved upon by topic-specific lectures. A thoroughly developed OSCE can provide a realistic educational opportunity to improve residents' performance on the nonoperative aspects of rhinoplasty and should be considered as an adjunct to resident education.