• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2019

This work deals with the size-dependent wave propagation analysis of functionally graded (FG) anisotropic nanoplates based on a nonlocal strain gradient refined plate model. The present model incorporates two scale coefficients to examine wave dispersion relations more accurately. Material properties of FG anisotropic nanoplates are exponentially varying in the z-direction. In order to solve the governing equations for bulk waves, an analytical method is performed and wave frequencies and phase velocities are obtained as a function of wave number. The influences of several important parameters such as material graduation exponent, geometry, Winkler-Pasternak foundation parameters and wave number on the wave propagation of FG anisotropic nanoplates resting on the elastic foundation are investigated and discussed in detail. It is concluded that these parameters play significant roles on the wave propagation behavior of the nanoplates. From the best knowledge of authors, it is the first time that FG nanoplate made of anisotropic materials is investigated, so, presented numerical results can serve as benchmarks for future analysis of such structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2019

In this paper, a new higher order shear deformation model is developed for static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams with considering porosities that may possibly occur inside the functionally graded materials (FGMs) during their fabrication. Different patterns of porosity distributions (including even and uneven distribution patterns, and the logarithmic-uneven pattern) are considered. In addition, the effect of different micromechanical models on the bending and free vibration response of these beams is studied. Various micromechanical models are used to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the FG beams whose properties vary continuously across the thickness according to a simple power law. Based on the present higher-order shear deformation model, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Navier type solution method was used to obtain displacement, stresses and frequencies, and the numerical results are compared with those available in the literature. A comprehensive parametric study is carried out to assess the effects of volume fraction index, porosity fraction index, micromechanical models, mode numbers, and geometry on the bending and natural frequencies of imperfect FG beams.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.3
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• pp.325-337
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• 2019

In the present article, cross ply laminated composite plates are considered and a simple sinusoidal shear deformation model is tested for analyzing their flexural, stability and dynamic behaviors. The model contains only four unknown variables that are five in the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) or other higher order models. The in-plane kinematic utilizes undetermined integral terms to quantitatively express the shear deformation influence. In the proposed theory, the conditions of zero shear stress are respected at bottom and top faces of plates without considering the shear correction coefficient. Equations of motion according to the proposed formulation are deduced by employing the virtual work principle in its dynamic version. The analytical solution is determined via double trigonometric series proposed by Navier. The stresses, displacements, natural frequencies and critical buckling forces computed using present method are compared with other published data where a good agreement between results is demonstrated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.439-453
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• 2021

In this work, quasi three-dimensional (quasi-3D) shear deformation theory is presented for bending and dynamic analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates. The effect of varying material properties and volume fraction of the constituent on dynamic and bending behavior of the FG plate is discussed. The benefit of this model over other contributions is that a number of variables is diminished. The developed model considers nonlinear displacements through the thickness and ensures the free boundary conditions at top and bottom faces of the plate without using any shear correction factors. The basic equations that account for the effects of transverse and normal shear stresses are derived from Hamilton's principle. The analytical solutions are determined via the Navier procedure. The accuracy of the proposed formulation is proved by comparisons with the different 2D, 3D and quasi-3D solutions found in the literature.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.275-281
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to explore what factors affect consumers' purchasing decisions when purchasing artificial intelligence artworks. The research pointed out that in the real shopping model, customer perceived value includes three dimensions: product perceived value, service perceived value and social perceived value. On this basis, an artificial intelligence work purchase decision-making influence model was constructed, and an online survey was attempted to collect data. Through analysis of the reliability, effectiveness and structural equations of SPSS24.0 and AMOS24.0, and scientific verification and analysis, we found that product cognitive value and service cognitive value have a positive impact on consumers' purchase intentions, but social cognition Value has no positive effect on consumers' purchasing intentions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.84 no.6
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• pp.783-798
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• 2022

This study attempts to investigate the impact of thickness stretching and nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical loading on the bending behavior of FG beams. Young's modulus, thermal expansion, and moisture concentration coefficients vary gradually and continuously according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituent materials. In addition, the interaction between the thermal, mechanical, and moisture loads is involved in the governing equilibrium equations. Using the present developed analytical model and Navier's solution technique, the numerical results of non-dimensional stresses and displacements are compared with those obtained by other 3D theories. Furthermore, the present analytical model is appropriate for investigating the static bending of FG beams exposed to intense hygro-thermo-mechanical loading used for special technical applications in aerospace, automobile, and civil engineering constructions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2023

In this paper, dynamic and static bending of ball modelled by nanocomposite microbeam by nanoparticles seeing agglomeration is presented. The structural damping is considered by Kelvin-Voigt model. The agglomeration effects are assumed using Mori-Tanaka model. The football ball is modeled by third order shear deformation theory (TSDT). The motion equations are derived by principle of Hamilton's and energy method assuming size effects on the basis of Eringen theory. Using differential quadrature method (DQM) and Newmark method, the static and dynamic deflections of the structure are obtained. The effects of agglomeration and CNTs volume percent, damping of structure, nonlocal parameter, length and thickness of micro-beam are presented on the static and dynamic deflections of the nanocomposite structure. Results show that with increasing CNTs volume percent, the maximum dimensionless dynamic deflection is reduced about 17%. In addition, assuming CNTs agglomeration increases the dimensionless dynamic deflection about 14%. It is also found that with increasing the CNTs volume percent from 0 to 0.15, the static deflection is decreased about 3 times due to the enhance in the stiffness of the structure. In addition, with enhancing the nonlocal parameters, the dynamic deflection is increased about 3.1 times.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.303-310
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• 2023

The equivalent static load for non-structural elements has a limitation in that the sloshing effect and the interaction between the fluid and the water tank cannot be considered. In this study, the equations to evaluate the impulse and convective components in the design codes and previous research were compared with the shaking table test results of a rectangular water tank with flexible wall panels. The conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) It was observed that the natural periods of the impulsive component according to ACI 350.3 were longer than system identification results. Thus, ACI 350.3 may underestimate the earthquake load in the case of water tanks with flexible walls. (2) In the case of water tanks with flexible walls, the side walls deform due to bending of the front and back walls. When such three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction was included, the natural period of the impulsive component became similar to the experimental results. (3) When a detailed finite element (FE) model of the water tank was unavailable, the assumption S_ai = S_DS could be used, resulting in a reasonably conservative design earthquake load.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.517-530
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• 2024

This paper presents a new four-unknown equivalent single layer (ESL) refined plate theory for the buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) rectangular plates with all simply supported edges and subjected to in-plane mechanical loading conditions. The present model accounts for a parabolic variation of transverse shear stress over the thickness, and accommodates correctly the zero shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. The material properties are supposed to vary smoothly in the thickness direction through the rules of mixture named power-law gradation. The governing equilibrium equations are formulated based on the total potential energy principle and solved for simply supported boundary conditions by implementing the Navier's method. A numerical result on elastic buckling using the current theory was computed and compared with those published in the literature to examine the accuracy of the proposed analytical solution. The effects of changing power-law exponent, aspect ratio, thickness ratio and modulus ratio on the critical buckling load of FG plates under different in-plane loading conditions are investigated in detail. Moreover, it was found that the geometric parameters and power-law exponent play significant influences on the buckling behavior of the FG plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.749-769
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• 2003

The structural deterioration of concrete structures due to reinforcement corrosion is a major worldwide problem. Service life of the age-degraded concrete structures is governed by the protective action provided by the cover concrete against the susceptibility of the reinforcement to the corrosive environment. The corrosion of steel would result in the various corrosion products, which depending on the level of the oxidation may have much greater volume than the original iron that gets consumed by the process of corrosion. This volume expansion would be responsible for exerting the expansive radial pressure at the steel-concrete interface resulting in the development of hoop tensile stresses in the surrounding cover concrete. Once the maximum hoop tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete, cracking of cover concrete would take place. The cracking begins at the steel-concrete interface and propagates outwards and eventually resulting in the through cracking of the cover concrete. The cover cracking would indicate the loss of the service life for the corrosion-affected structures. In the present paper, analytical models have been developed considering the residual strength of the cracked concrete and the stiffness provided by the combination of the reinforcement and expansive corrosion products. The problem is modeled as a boundary value problem and the governing equations are expressed in terms of the radial displacement. The analytical solutions are presented considering a simple 2-zone model for the cover concrete viz. cracked or uncracked. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to show the influence of the various parameters of the proposed models. The time to cover cracking is found to be function of initial material properties of the cover concrete and reinforcement plus corrosion products combine, type of rust products, rate of corrosion and the residual strength of the cover concrete. The calculated cracking times are correlated against the published experimental and analytical reference data.