• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2003

The latest measure of the relative evolutionary age of protein structure families was applied (based on taxonomic diversity) using the protein structural interactome map (PSIMAP). It confirms that, in general, protein domains, which are hubs in this interaction network, are older than protein domains with fewer interaction partners. We apply a hypothesis of 'biological network evolution' to explain the positive correlation between interaction and age. It agrees to the previous suggestions that proteins have acquired an increasing number of interaction partners over time via the stepwise addition of new interactions. This hypothesis is shown to be consistent with the scale-free interaction network topologies proposed by other groups. Closely co-evolved structural interaction and the dynamics of network evolution are used to explain the highly conserved core of protein interaction pathways, which exist across all divisions of life.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-72
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• 1999

The most important features of linear soil-foundation-structure interaction are reviewed, using stochastic modeling and considering kinematic interaction, inertial interaction, and structural distortion as three separate stages of the dynamic response to the free-field motion. The way in which each of the three dynamic stages modifies the spectral density of the motion is studied, with the emphasis being on interpretation of these results, rather than on the development of new analysis techniques. Structural distortion and inertial interaction analysis are shown to be precisely modeled as linear filtering operations. Kinematic interaction, though, is more complicated, even though it has a filter-like effect on the frequency content of the motion.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

Tunnels are generally constructed below the ground water table, which produces a long-term interaction between the tunnel lining and the surrounding geo-materials. Thus, in conjunction with tunnel design, the presence of water may require a number of considerations such as: leakage and water load. It has been reported that deterioration of a drainage system of tunnels is one of the main factors governing the long-term hydraulic and structural lining-ground interaction. Therefore, the design procedure of an underwater tunnel should address any detrimental effects associated with this interaction. In this paper an attempt to identify the coupled structural and hydraulic interaction between the lining and the ground was made using a numerical method. A main concern was given to local hindrance of flow into tunnels. Six cases of local deterioration of a drainage system were considered to investigate the effects of deterioration on tunnels. It is revealed that hindrance of flow increased pore-water pressure on the deteriorated areas, and caused detrimental effects on the lining structures. The analysis results were compared with those from fully permeable and impermeable linings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1997

A numerical procedure for dynamic analysis of structures including lateral-torsional coupling, axial force effect and soil-structure interaction is presented in this study. A simple soil-structure system model has been designed for microcomputer applications capable of reflecting both kinematic and inertial soil-foundation interaction as well as the effect of this interaction on the superstructure response. A parametric study focusing on inertial soil-structure interaction is carried out through a simplified nine-degree of freedom building model with different foundation conditions. The inertial soil-structure interaction and axial force effects on a 20-storey building excited by an Australian earthquake is analysed through its top floor displacement time history and envelope values of structural maximum displacement and shear force.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2013

In this study, to have a better judgment on the structural performance, the effects of dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on seismic behaviour and lateral structural response of mid-rise moment resisting building frames are studied using Finite Difference Method. Three types of mid-rise structures, including 5, 10, and 15 storey buildings are selected in conjunction with three soil types with the shear wave velocities less than 600m/s, representing soil classes $C_e$, $D_e$ and $E_e$, according to Australian Standard AS 1170.4. The above mentioned frames have been analysed under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and (ii) flexible-base (considering soil-structure interaction). The results of the analyses in terms of structural lateral displacements and drifts for the above mentioned boundary conditions have been compared and discussed. It is concluded that the dynamic soil-structure interaction plays a considerable role in seismic behaviour of mid-rise building frames including substantial increase in the lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts and changing the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Thus, considering soil-structure interaction effects in the seismic design of mid-rise moment resisting building frames, particularly when resting on soft soil deposit, is essential.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.445-450
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• 2007

CWR(Continuous Welded Rail) and bridge interaction produce rail force, bridge displacement and rail/bridge relative displacement. Each of these has limitation by many codes. In this paper, analysis of interaction has been carried out by using foreign codes(UIC 774-3 R code of Europe etc.) because there is no code about interaction between rail and bridge in Korea. Recently, railway bridges with CWR has been constructed for structural and economical reasons. When designer plans railway bridges, design a bridge model first and then investigate railway forces and displacement by interaction analysis. If these results go out bounds from limitation, designer plans railway bridges again and again. In this paper, using the parametric study on CWR and railway bridge interaction, railway bridge parameters such as length of bridge span, area of bridge, moment of inertia, stiffness of pier, etc. are presented. It helps preliminary design of railway bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권6호
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• pp.721-734
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• 2021

The seismic analysis of structures without applying the effects of soil can undermine functional objectives of structure so that it can affect all the desired purposes at the design and control stages of the structure. In this research, employing OpenSees and MATLAB software simultaneously and developing a definite three-dimensional finite element model of a high-rise concrete structure, designed using performance-based plastic design approach, the performance of Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and Active Mass Damper (AMD) is both examined and compared. Moreover some less noted aspects such as nonlinear interaction of soil and structure, uplift, nonlinear behavior of structure and structural torsion have received more attention. For this purpose, the analysis of time history on the structural model has been performed under 22 far-field accelerogram records. Examining a full range of all structural seismic responses, including lateral displacement, acceleration, inter-story drift, lost plastic energy, number of plastic hinges, story shear force and uplift. The results indicate that TMD performs better than AMD except for lateral displacement and inter-story drift to control other structural responses. Because on the one hand, nonlinear structural parameters and soil-structure interaction have been added and on the other hand, the restriction on the control force applied that leads up to saturation phenomenon in the active control system affect the performance of AMD. Moreover, the control force applied by structural control system has created undesirable acceleration and shear force in the structure.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship and influence of parents' family interaction, parenting efficacy, and child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Methods: 1,418 children and their parents, and survey data from a panel study on Korean children (2014), were used to analyze the structural equation model. Results: First, the mother's family interaction had direct influence on their parenting efficacy, as well as their child's internalization and externalization. Second, the father's family interaction had a direct influence only on the internal problem behaviors of the child, and child external problem behaviors were influenced through the father's parenting efficacy. Third, parenting efficacy mediated the effects of family interaction on the problem behavior of children. Especially, the father's family interaction was found to affect child variables through the mother's parenting efficacy. Finally, the internalizing problem behaviors of the child mediated the effects of the parents' family interaction and parenting efficacy on child externalizing problem behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study are significant in that the factors of father, mother, and child are interrelated, and that parent interaction has varying influence on the problems of their children.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

The dynamic interaction of vehicle-bridge is studied by using transfer matrix method in this paper. The vehicle model is simplified as a spring-damping-mass system. By adopting the idea of Newmark-${\beta}$ method, the partial differential equation of structure vibration is transformed into a differential equation irrelevant to time. Then, this differential equation is solved by transfer matrix method. The prospective application of this method in real engineering is finally demonstrated by several examples.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.287-318
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• 2012

We apply a partitioned-solution (iterative-staggered) coupling method based on a fixed Eulerian mesh with the level set function to a large-deformation fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem where a large-deformable thin structure moves in a high-speed flow field, as an airbag does during deployment. This method combines advanced fluid and structure solvers-specifically, the constrained interpolation profile finite element method (CIP-FEM) for fluid Eulerian mesh and large-deformable structural elements for Lagrangian structural mesh. We express the large-deformable interface as a zero isosurface by the level set function, and introduce virtual nodes with level sets and structural normal velocities to generate the level set function according to the large-deformable interfacial geometry and enforce the kinematic condition at the interface. The virtual nodes are located in the direction normal to the structural mesh. It is confirmed that application of the method to unfolded airbag deployment simulation shows the adequacy of the method.