• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to clarify the wall components of Sarang-taechong in the upper class houses of Chosun dynasty. Physical trace method was used for this study. The samples were taken from the Sarang-taechong of 6 traditional Korean houses; Yunkyungdang, the ancient Chusa estate, Sunkyojang, Chunghyodang, Yangjindant, Unjorn. The makor findings were summarized as follows; 1) The common components of each wall were pillars, sanginbangs(upper horizontal beams), hainbangs (lower horizontal beams), door and windows. Changbangs(wood eave pieces that suported decoration blocks), changyos(a pice of wood fitted between the tops of pillars and upper tori cross beams), and morums(the top wainscot board laid horizontally between the bottom beam and the bottom portion of a window frame) were additional. 2) The composition of every south wall was symmetrical and the other threes were mixed symmetrical and asymmetrical. 3) The image of wall was classified-fine, strong, and modera e, according to the symmetry or asymmetry of wall composition, the width of each components, the kind of window.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.245-246
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• 2012

The possibility that self-ignition can be generated near an obstacle is high in practical applications such as a hydrogen car. In this paper, experimental investigations were suggested to understand the effects of a wall on self-ignition phenomena through high-speed images. The results showed that the existence of a wall could not change the ignition phenomena itself irrespective of wall height and burst pressure. However, when a strong flame was induced in the tube, a wall could promote the flame stabilization.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 1997

A diesel engine has become smaller and higher, thus sprays injected in high speed may be impinged on a small combustion chamber wall if there is not enough strong swirl. Those combustion chambers should have proper measures to avoid the spray impinged and deposited on a wall. One of the measures is a chamber prepared impingement parts raised on a chamber wall surface. In this system a spray is injected into the raised pip, broken into a number of smaller drops and spreaded out away from the wall surface. Therefore the fuel droplets distributes over inside of the combustion chamber. In this study, the positions, sizes and angles of the raised land are discussed to help the chamber design using spray wall impaction. The characteristics of the spray impinged on various lands are investigated and compared with each other. Then chamber shapes are discussed with the spray characteristics and the proper positions and size are proposed in some chamber volumes.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.907-914
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• 2005

Experiments at the Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC) have investigated the interaction between diffusion flames and solid surfaces Placed neat flames The fuel for the flames was $C_{2} H_{4}$ The surrounding oxygen concentration was 35$\%$ with surrounding air temperatures of $T_{a}$ : 300K. Especially, the effect of wall temperature on soot deposition from a diffusion flame Placed near the wall has been studied by utilizing microgravity environment, which can attain very stable flame along the wall. Cylindrical burner with fuel injection was adopted to obtain two dimensional soot distributions by laser extinction method. In the experiment two different wall temperatures. $T_{w}$=300, 800 K, were selected as test conditions The results showed that the soot distribution between flame and burner wall was strong1y affected by the wall temperature and soot deposition increases with decrease in wall temperature. The comparison among the values lot two different wall temperatures suggests that the change in thermophoretic effect is the most dominant factor to give the change in soot deposition characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2022

We analyzed the low wall-shear stress area in the intracranial aneurysm that occurred at an anterior communicating artery with a special emphasis on vortical structures close to the wall. We reconstructed the aneurysm model from patient CTA data. We assumed blood as an incompressible Newtonian fluid and treated the blood vessel as a solid wall. The pulsatile boundary condition was applied at the inlet of the anterior cerebral artery. From the instantaneous flow field, we computed the histogram of the wall-shear stress over the aneurysm wall and found the low wall-shear stress event (< 0.4 Pa). This extreme event was due to the low wall-shear stress area that occurred at the daughter sac. We found that the merging of two vortices induced the low wall-shear stress area; one arises from the morphological characteristics of the daughter sac, and the other is formed by a jet flow into the aneurysm sac. The latter approaches the daughter sac, which ultimately leads to the strong ejection event near the daughter sac.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2010

For the reasonable analysis of design problems for agricultural facilities, considered the reinforcing effect of thin-wall. The most of agricultural structure is constructed small scale and have many purposes. Thus it has been designed temporary rather than permanent structure, and has relatively large slenderness ratio, small section and semi-rigid condition. Therefore many agricultural facilities are consist of relatively strong frame with weak wall at the viewpoint of stiffness and have not been reflected in the design. But the tension field influences to collapse of structure have already known. Therefore, we need quantification the effect of tension field at structural analysis. In this study, present the method of quantification the effect of tension field that came out thin-plate surrounded by high stiffness frame. The numerical results show that the effect of tension field effect for thin-wall is about 5% of the sectional area of frame in study agricultural facilities.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.285-300
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• 2017

This study investigates the seismic performance of a staggered wall structure designed with conventional strength based design, and compares it with the performance of the structure designed by capacity design procedure which ensures strong column-weak beam concept. Then the seismic reinforcement schemes such as addition of interior columns or insertion of rotational friction dampers at the ends of connecting beams are validated by comparing their seismic performances with those of the standard model structure. Fragility analysis shows that the probability to reach the dynamic instability is highest in the strength designed structure and is lowest in the structure with friction dampers. It is also observed that, at least for the specific model structures considered in this study, R factor of 5.0 can be used in the seismic design of staggered wall structures with proposed retrofit schemes, while R factor of 3.0 may be reasonable for standard staggered wall structures.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.565-575
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• 2016

Geosynthetics reinforced soil (GRS) walls constructed on weak grounds may change in both the horizontal earth pressure and deformation on wall facing. However, only few studies were done in the literature to measure and analyze the horizontal external deformation behavior of GRS walls constructed on soft grounds for a long period of time. The present study describes the external deformation behavior of GRS walls observed for 12-year long-term performance. The horizontal deformation of the geosynthetics-wrapped-facing GRS walls shows a passive behavior along one third of the wall height, from top going downwards, and active behavior for the rest of the wall height. Even if the geogrid and nonwoven geotextiles are exposed directly to sunlight and rainfalls in a span of 12 years, they have functioned well as wall facing. Therefore, the geosynthetic reinforcement material is strong enough to resist ultraviolet rays.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.279-283
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• 2022

The seismic analytic collapse fragility of soil nail wall structures with a shotcrete concrete covering is investigated in this paper. The finite element modeling process has been well described. The fragility function evaluates the link between ground motion intensities and the likelihood of reaching a specific level of damage. The soil nail wall has been subjected to incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) from medium to strong ground vibrations. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the soil nail wall uses a set of 20 earthquake ground motions with varying PGAs. PGD is utilized as an intensity measure, the numerical findings demonstrate that the soil nailing wall reaction is particularly sensitive to earthquake intensity measure (IM).

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.46-55
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• 2006

There are many kinds of braced cut wall methods as the sheet pile, SCW, CIP and slurry wall which is adoptable for a deep excavation construction in a coastal filled land. The braced cut wall which has a strong stiffness is very stable but it has the weak point that the construction cost is high. Thus when a braced cut wall is designed, the geotechnical engineers choose the braced cut wall which has more safe and economic in the consideration of surrounding buildings near the construction site. Especially, when the sheet pile method as a braced cut wall is cheesed, the layer order and consistence of a coastal deposit stratum are considered and the pile driving method is also considered. This paper introduces the case that the originally box-type sheet pile wall was changed to U-type and high strength material after the pilot test at the subway construction site in a coastal filled land. This paper also introduces the case that the sheet pile's driving method was changed to special method in the section of the temporary coffer dam which had made when the present coastal filled land was formed.