• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1996년도 제48차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.159-160
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• 1996

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2012

Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes. We examined whether vitamin D deficiency altered the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older Koreans. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV 2008-2009 was used to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of CVD in a representative population-based sample of 5,559 men and women aged ${\geq}50$ years. CVD was defined as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The prevalence of CVD (7.0%) in the older Korean population was lower than that in the older US population, although average serum 25(OH)D levels were much lower in the Korean population. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly between the CVD and non-CVD groups. However, subjects in the lowest category (< 25 nmol/l) of serum 25(OH)D level had the greatest prevalence of CVD, about two-fold higher than subjects in the highest category (> 75 nmol/l), after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education level, residence location, and region. The prevalence of other risk factors for CVD, including higher waist circumference, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, was also higher among subjects in the lowest category than among those in the highest category. In conclusion, low serum 25(OH)D may be an independent risk factor for CVD in older Koreans.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

본 연구는 2008년 지역사회건강조사에 참여한 65세 이상 노인 43,049명을 대상으로 노인의 손상관련요인을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 2008년 지역사회건강조사 자료 중 최근 1년 동안의 손상 경험 여부와 인구사회학적 특성, 건강관련 특성, 만성질환 이환 관련 특성 등을 이용하여 손상관련요인을 파악하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS Win 18.0(version)을 이용하여 카이제곱 검정, 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였고, 통계적 유의성은 p<0.05로 하였다. 최근 1년 동안 노인의 손상경험률은 5.1%였으며, 추락 미끄러짐, 운수사고 등의 손상이 가장 많았다. 손상에 관련을 미치는 요인으로 확인된 것은 동거가족, 현재음주, 우울감, 주관적 건강상태, 뇌졸중, 골다공증이었다. 동거가족은 부부만사는 노인에 비해 혼자 사는 노인의 교차비가 1.23(95% CI: 1.05-1.43), 자녀나 기타 친인척과 사는 노인의 교차비가 1.16(95% CI: 1.02-1.32)이었다. 현재음주는 음주를 하지 않는 노인에 비해 음주를 하는 노인의 교차비가 1.19(95% CI: 1.05-1.35)이었고, 주관적 건강상태는 좋은 노인에 비해 나쁜 노인의 교차비가 1.72(95% CI: 1.43-2.08)이었고, 우울감은 없는 노인에 비해 있는 노인의 교차비가 1.23(95% CI: 1.05-1.43)이었다. 뇌졸중은 질병이 없는 노인에 비해 질병이 있는 노인의 교차비가 1.40(95% CI: 1.17-1.68)이었고, 골다공증은 질병이 없는 노인에 비해 질병이 있는 노인의 교차비가 1.45(95% CI: 1.26-1.66)이었다. 따라서 노인손상의 관련요인으로 확인된 수정 가능한 위험요인을 고려한 손상예방 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 이를 노인들에게 적극적으로 중재하여 손상의 위험을 낮출 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1017-1022
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• 1999

Background: An increasing number of elderly are referred for open heart surgeries(OHS). These patients are assumed to have significantly increased morbidity and mortality because of compromised functional reserves in their vital organs. We reviewed the results of OHS patients who were 70 years old or older. Material and Method: Thirty six consecutive septuagenarians underwent OHS from 1995 to 1997. Operations were coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in 26 including 3 left main surgical angioplasty, valve replacement in 7, MVR+CABG in 2, and ASD closure+TAP in 1. Statistical tests were carried out to compare survivor group with nonsurvivor group in respect to risk factors including NYHA functional class, LVEF, emergent operation, IABP support, CPB/ACC time, ventilator time cardiac index, ICU stay and hospital stay for operative mortality. Result: Operative mortality rate and postoperative complication were 16%(6/36) and 50%(18/36). One-year and 3-year actuarial survival rates were 76%. Nine patients(25%) had major complications including third-degree A-V block(2), respiratory failure(1), stroke(3), renal failure requiring dialysis(3) and postoperative hemorrhage(2). The causes of death were pneumonia(1), bleeding(1), acute renal failure(1), low cardiac output(1), third-degree A-V block(1), and ventricular tachycardia(1). The univariate analysis of mortality shows that NYHA class IV, LVEF<40%, lesser values for C.I, and longer time for ventilatory support were associated with the risk factors(p value=0.03, 0.001, 0.007, and 0.014). The emergent operation, CPB/ACC time, IABP support, ICU stay and hospital stay were not significant. Conclusion: We conclude that cardiac operation can be performed in septuagenarians with acceptable outcomes when done in patients with normal to moderately depressed left ventricular function and adequate functional reserves in their vital organs.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.499-518
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• 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and hypertension, are the global leading causes of death, accounting for more than 30% of deaths worldwide. Although the risk factors of CVDs have been well understood and various treatment and preventive measures have been established, the mortality rate and the financial burden of CVDs are expected to grow exponentially over time due to the changes in lifestyles and increasing life expectancies of the present generation. Recent advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics analysis have identified gut microbiome and its associated metabolites as potential risk factors for CVDs, suggesting the possibility of developing more effective novel therapeutic strategies against CVD. In addition, increasing evidence has demonstrated the alterations in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the imbalance of microbial-dependent metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the exact mechanism of action remains undefined to this day. In this review, we focus on the compositional changes in the gut microbiome and its related metabolites in various CVDs. Moreover, the potential treatment and preventive strategies targeting the gut microbiome and its metabolites are discussed.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.513-518
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• 2018

Background: Recent studies have correlated serum cystatin C (CysC) with vascular complications, but few studies have investigated this correlation in diabetes patients without nephropathy. This study aimed to evaluate if higher serum CysC levels increase the risk for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal renal function or mild renal impairment. Methods: A total of 806 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the diabetes center of Soonchunhyang University Hospital for blood glucose control were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with nephropathy were excluded. Subjects were categorized into quartiles of serum CysC levels (Q1, ${\leq}0.65mg/L$; Q2, 0.66 to 0.79 mg/L; Q3, 0.80 to 0.94 mg/L; and Q4, ${\geq}0.95mg/L$). Results: The proportion of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (P for trend <0.001), coronary heart disease (CHD) (P for trend <0.001), and stroke (P for trend <0.001) increased across the serum CysC quartiles. After adjustment for confounding factors, the highest serum CysC level remained a significant risk factor for DR (odds ratio [OR], 1.929; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007 to 4.144; P=0.040). Compared with Q1, a significant positive association was observed between serum CysC and CHD in Q2 (OR, 7.321; 95% CI, 1.114 to 48.114; P=0.012), Q3 (OR, 6.027; 95% CI, 0.952 to 38.161; P=0.020), and Q4 (OR, 8.122; 95% CI, 1.258 to 52.453; P=0.007). No associations were observed between CysC and stroke after additional adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: Serum CysC levels are independently associated with DR and CHD, suggesting that CysC may be useful for identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without nephropathy who are at high risk for vascular complications.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

치주질환(periodontal disease, 잇몸병)은 인구의 50%이상이 이환되는 만성질환이다. 치주질환을 치료하지 않으면, 치아 지지조직의 염증을 악화시켜 치아손실(tooth loss)을 가져온다. 고혈압은 성인의 30%에서 발병하며, 심혈관계통 질환의 이환(morbidity)과 사망(mortality)의 중요한 원인이다. 약 20년 전까지만 해도 두 가지 질환은 깊은 관련이 없어 보였지만, 최근 서로 연관성이 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 심혈관계통의 위험요소에 대한 연구결과, 죽상경화증(atherosclerosis) 합병증 발생은 치주(periodontium) 질환과 관계가 있다. 즉, 뇌졸중(stroke), 관상동맥질환, 말초동맥질환에 대한 위험요소가 치주염이라는 증거가 있다. 이런 인과관계는 두 가지 질환이 서로 공통의 위험요소를 갖는다는 의미이다. C-reactive protein(CRP)은 치주염에서 증가하고, 치주질환 환자는 혈관운동 기능(vasomotor function)이 손상된다는 보고가 있었으며, 치주질환으로 인해 고혈압이 발생한다. 본 연구의 목적은 문헌 고찰을 통해, 치주염과 고혈압을 비롯한 심혈관계통 질환의 인과관계를 밝히고자 한다. 고혈압은 당뇨와 함께 대표적인 생활습관질병이기 때문에, 본 연구를 통해서 적절한 치아관리를 통해 고혈압으로 인한 여러 가지 합병증을 예방하고자 한다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

Objective: Prescription rate of dabigatran and rivaroxaban, which are the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), has increased. We have analyzed the prescription trend and medication use of dabigatran and rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: It was retrospectively studied from September 2012 to April 2014 using the electronic medical records and the progress notes. Patients with NVAF (n=424) were evaluated on the medication use, prescribing preferences, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the availability of prescription reimbursement of dabigatran (n=210) and rivaroxaban (n=214). Results: Dabigatran was prescribed higher than rivaroxaban (23.3% versus 7.5%, p<0.001) in the neurology department, but rivaroxaban was prescribed higher compared to dabigatran in the cardiology department (87.4% versus 74.3%, p<0.001). Dabigatran was prescribed more than rivaroxaban in high risk patients with CHADS2 score ${\geq}3$ (44.3% versus 31.3%, p=0.006). Dabigatran patients seemed to have more ADRs than patients with rivaroxaban (25.2% versus 11.2%, p<0.001), but no serious thrombotic events and bleeding were found. Only 35.6% (n=151) were eligible for prescription reimbursement by the National Health Insurance (NHI). Bridging therapy (86, 31.5%) and direct-current cardioversion (57, 20.2%) were main reasons of ineligibility for reimbursement. Conclusion: Prescription preferences were present in choosing either dabigatran or rivaroxaban for patients with NVAF. Inpatient protocols and procedures considering patient-factors in NVAF need to be developed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2022

본 연구는 한국 성인 여성의 체내 납 (Pb) 노출 수준과 심혈관질환 (CVD) 사이의 관계를 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 2017년 국민건강영양조사 (KNHANES)에 참여한 만 19세 이상 성인 1,821명을 대상으로 혈중 납과 허혈성 심장 질환 (IHD), 뇌졸중 및 고혈압의 자가 보고한 의사 진단에 대한 단면 자료를 이용하였다. CVD 및 혈중 납 농도는 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였고, pearson 상관계수를 이용하여 요인 간의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 혈중 납 수치 증가는 여성에서만 허혈성 심장 질환 (OR 5.68, 95% CI 1.01-17.51) 및 고혈압 (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.24-5.07) 위험 증가와 연관이 있었다. 또한, 혈중 납과 영양소 섭취 사이에는 상관관계가 있었다. 이는 혈중 납 수치가 CVD 발병의 주요 예측 인자로 사용될 수 있으며 여성이 납 노출과 관련된 IHD 및 고혈압에 더 취약하다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2015

우리나라의 노인 대상으로 식생활지침 실천도 점수에 따른 치매 유병률의 차이를 분석한 결과, 치매 노인군이 정상노인군에 비해 나이가 유의하게 많았고, 성, 체격, 그리고, 식사속도, 식사를 거르는 횟수, 편식 등 식생활 특성에는 정상 노인군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 식생활지침 세부 실천지침 중에서 다양한 식품군 섭취, 규칙적이고 안전한 식사, 음주, 가벼운 운동부분에서 치매노인군의 실천도가 정상노인군에 비해 낮았고, 그 외의 문항에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 식생활지침 실천도 점수가 높을수록 치매 유병률이 낮은 경향을 보였다. 요약하면 어르신을 위한 식생활지침의 실천도가 높을수록 알츠하이머형 치매의 위험이 감소하므로, "어르신을 위한 식생활지침 (보건복지부, 2011)" 실천도를 높이는 것이 알츠하이머형 치매 예방에 도움이 될 수 있으며, 향후 알츠하이머형 치매 예방을 위한 식생활 지침의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.