• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.163-171
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• 2016

The objectives of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Chinese traditionality expression at restaurants in Beijing area. 12 restaurants were selected and visited for the investigation research. The results were as follows. First, traditional reproduction was found mainly manifested through the reproduction of traditional ornaments, in particular, the facade and interior element ornaments. Second, Traditional transformation was mainly manifested in replacement material while changing the shape slightly, or to stretch or shorten prototype shape and other negative deformation methods which did not largely out of the scope of traditional reproduction. Third, Traditional reinterpretation was expressed by abstract, symbol or metaphor on designs, usually people can not directly recognize the traditional archetype. When compare with traditional reproduction or traditional transformation, traditional reinterpretation was relatively fewer, however, in this study the traditional reinterpretation and traditional transformation have same numerical result. Reinterpretation as a positive performance method of traditional modernized, it was encouraging the phenomenon, especially in the ceiling design. Chinese traditional cloud patterns have been three-dimensional and diversification of use. And in the wall design, traditional elements have been extremely simplistic or adopted a wide variety of traditional elements, it may be preferred in diversity. In addition, furniture was tinge traditional elements in modern form, lighting was added symbolize color or picture on the traditional lighting which shape was simplified to emphasize space's traditional. But the facade, sign board, floor, and window element seems the range of variation was not wild, promote more use the positive traditional reinterpretation method.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2015

Recently, because the market for compression wear now includes all consumers, not just professionals, various items for recovery after exercising or for enhanced effects from exercise have been introduced. In this research, a systematic and stepwise design process was proposed to develop compression garment that has both functional area and appropriate pressure to protect the knee when exercising. The U-V format functional area that wraps underneath the knee was selected by considering the shape and change in the skin length when bending the knee. After the selection of the functional area, a total of seven knee design areas, including the existing product, were designed to determine the appropriate pressure. After various movements, the compression garment was ranked in terms of support of the knee, level of pressure, discomfort of seam line, and comfort of popliteal; the preferred design was selected using the quad method. Four compression wear garments were produced using two selected preferred designs; the wear evaluation was performed using a seven-point Likert scale. As a result, the optimal reduction rate of the pattern was calculated based on Ziegert and Keil's method. The applied percentage of the fabric stretch at the upper part of the crotch was 66% for the width and 50% for the length; for the lower part of the crotch, only 66% for the width was applied. Moreover, it was determined that the design of the U-V knee protection part was preferred when a 7 mm square was placed at a 1 mm distance because this not only supports the knee but also allows the fabric to accommodate various skin deformations.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

The appearances and geometry structures of knitted fabrics have important effects on their functions as textile fabrics. Structural design of the woven fabric, prior to the manufacturing processes in the weaving mill, often leads to a similar predictable appearance in the final outcome with the corresponding weave design. The increase of the employment of elastic textile yarns in knitting fabrics for comfort stretch or outdoor sports wear knit products has, however, resulted in difficulties in predicting the final appearance of the knit structure design. Due to the stretchability and exceptional recovery behavior of the elastic yarns such as polyurethane elastomeric yarns, the appearance of the final product often differs from the initial knit design. At textile CAD program for preparing tricot knit designs has been employed in this study to predict the two dimensional appearance of the design. The similarities between the designs and corresponding knit products seem to be acceptable for the two-dimensional textile CAD program in this study. However, when elastomeric yarns are partially employed in the polyester filament tricot product, a considerable amount of departure from the design is apparent due to the constriction and/or deformation of property differences in the elastomeric yarns and polyester filament yarns. Therefore, another purpose of this study is to measure the departure of the final tricot product from the initial tricot design, especially in the case employing elastomeric yarns in the knit structure together with regular polyester filament yarns. For measuring the three-dimensional departure, a 3D scanning system has been used for the mesh reconstruction of the fabric specimen. Hopefully, the result from this study will be used as a guide to modify and improve the current textile CAD program proposed for the two-dimensional simulation of the tricot.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1229-1242
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• 2005

When natural rubber is used for a long period of time, it becomes aged; it usually becomes hardened and loses its damping capability. This aging process affects not only the material property but also the (fatigue) life of natural rubber. In this paper the aging effects on the material property and the fatigue life were experimentally investigated. In addition, several fatigue life prediction equations for natural rubber were proposed. In order to investigate the aging effects on the material property, the load-stretch ratio curves were plotted from the results of the tensile test, the compression test and the simple shear test for virgin and heat-aged rubber specimens. Rubber specimens were heat-aged in an oven at a temperature ranging from $50^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ for a period ranging from 2 days to 16 days. In order to investigate the aging effects on the fatigue life, fatigue tests were conducted for differently heat-aged hourglass-shaped and simple shear specimens. Moreover, finite element simulations were conducted for the specimens to calculate physical quantities occurring in the specimens such as the maximum value of the effective stress, the strain energy density, the first invariant of the Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and the maximum principal nominal strain. Then, four fatigue life prediction equations based on one of the physical quantities could be obtained by fitting the equations to the test data. Finally, the fatigue life of a rubber bush used in an automobile was predicted by using the prediction equations, and it was compared with the test data of the bush to evaluate the reliability of those equations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.453-463
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• 2021

The lengthwise and widthwise deformation of warp-knitted fabrics with different sizes and loading modes were evaluated. Moreover, five tricot samples cut in three directions were compared under four test conditions (A-D). In tests A and B, 500 and 250 g loads were applied on a layer of 20 × 20 and 5 × 10 cm² samples, respectively. In test C, a 20 × 20 cm² sample was folded in half over a rod, and 500 g load was applied to each half. In test D, a 20 × 20 cm² sample was sewn in a loop and subjected to a 500 g load. The lengthwise extension and widthwise contraction analysis results indicate that test B affords the largest values. However, analysis results of the warp-knitted fabric normalized through conversion to a 1 g load and 1 cm sample width indicate that the largest values are afforded for test D. Therefore, pattern reduction may vary depending on the measurement method and properties of the knitted fabric used for the compression wear production, causing variations in the finished product. Thus, an appropriate measurement method must be adopted based on the compression wear design and knitted fabric to be used.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 1983

To characterize humus fractions in soil, visible, ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra of humic acids in alkaline solutions and hymatomelanic acids in ethanol solutions extracted by Stevenson's method from paddy rice soils, peats, and volcanic ash soils were analyzed. The spectra patterns of both fractions in visible and ultraviolet ranges did not have any peak and the absorbance decreased as the wavelength increased. Visible and ultraviolet spectra of the solutions from all the peats, volcanic ash soils and paddy rice soil were very similar each other but absorbances were slowly declined in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils. The infrared spectra of the two solutions appeared in a typical pattern, showing a few broad peaks. The main absorption bands were in the regions of $3400cm^{-1}$ (hydrogen bonded OH), near $2900cm^{-1}$ (aliphatic CH), $1720cm^{-1}$ (C=O of COOH, C=O of carbonyl), $1625cm^{-1}$ (aromatic C-C conjugated with C=O and/or COO-), $1400-1450cm^{-1}$ (CH stretch), $1200-1250cm^{-1}$ (CaO stretch of phenolic OH or OH-deformation of COOH) and $1050cm^{-1}$. The hymatomelanic acid fractions, however, had spectra that were characterized especially by very distinct absorption at $2900cm^{-1}$ and $1720cm^{-1}$, for aliphatic CH and carbonyl stretching vibration respectively in addition to the weaker bands for COO- or aromatic CH vibration at $1625cm^{-1}$, as compared to humic acid. No differences were noted in the general patterns of the spectograms of both fractions extracted. Analyses of the functional groups revealed little differences between peats and paddy soils, although total acidity and the content of carboxyl groups were decreased in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 1996

Type I, II, III are regarded as "true" joint receptors, type IV is considered a class of pain receptor. Type I, II and III mechanoreceptors, via static and dynamic input, signal joint position, intraarticular pressure changes, and the direction, amplitude, and velocity of joint movements. Type I mechanoreceptor subserve both static and dynamic physiologic functions. Type I are found primarily in the stratum fibrosum of the joint capsule and ligaments. Type I receptors have a low threshold for activation and are allow to adapt to changes altering their firing frequency. Type II receptors have a low threshold for activation. These dynamic receptors respond to joint movement. Type II receptors are thus termed rapidly adapting. Type II joint receptors are located at the junction of the synovial membrane and fibrosum of the joint capsule and intraarticular and extraarticular fat pads. Type III receptors have been found in collateral ligaments of the joints of the extremities. Morphologically similar to Golgi tendon organ. These dynamic receptors have a high threshold to stimulation and are slowly adating. Type IV receptors possess free nerve ending that have been found in joint capsule and fat pads. They are not normally active, but respond to extreme mechanical deformation of the joint as well as to direct chemical or mechanical irritation. Small amplitude oscillatory and distraction movements(joint mobilization) techniques are used to stimulate the mechanoreceptors that may inhibit the transmission of nociceptors stimuli at the spinal cord or brain stem levels.