• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2020

In many tropical regions, soil structures often fail under constant loads as a result of decreasing matric suction due to water infiltration. Most of the previous studies have been performed by infiltrating water in the soil specimen by keeping shear stress constant at 85-90% of peak shear strength in order to ensure specimen failure during water infiltration. However, not many studies are available to simulate the soil behavior when water is infiltrated at lower shear stress and how the deformations affect the soil behavior if the failure did not occur during water infiltration. This research aimed at understanding both the strength and deformation behavior of unsaturated soil during the course of water infiltration at 25%, 50% and 75% of maximum deviatoric stress and axial strain by keeping them constant. A unique stress-strain curve expresses the transient situation from unsaturated condition to failure state due to water infiltration is also drawn. The shearing-infiltration test results indicate that the water infiltration reduces matric suction and increase soil deformation. This research also indicates that unsaturated soil failure problems should not always be treated as shear strength problems but deformation should also be considered while addressing the problems related to unsaturated soils.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1993

세 주응력을 서로 독립적으로 조절할 수 있는 입방체형삼축시험기를 이용하여 모래에 대한 일련의 배수삼축시험이 실시되었다. 실험결과 모래의 응력 -변형률거동과 강도는 중간주응력의 크기에 따라 각기 다른 특성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 우선 최소주응력이 일정한 상태에서 중간 주응력이 증가함에 따라 파괴시의 축변형률 e1은 감소하는 경향이 있으며 체적팽창현상은 증가 하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그리고 내부마찰각은 축차응력비 b가 증가함에 따라 증가하다 b가 1 부근에 접근하면서 약간 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 한편 Mohrfoulomb규준은 모래의 파괴 강도를 과소산정하는 경향을 보이고 있으나 Lade의 파괴규준은 시험치와 좋은 일치를 보이고 있다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.167-171
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• 2001

High temperature deformation behavior of Fe-28Al-5Cr alloy has been investigated known to show anomalous temperature dependence of yield strength. Specifically, the effect of Cr addition has been examined. A series of tensile and load relaxation tests have been carried out to obtain the flow behavior of Fe-28Al-5Cr alloy at the elevated temperatures. The flow curves have then been analyzed using the inelastic deformation theory recently proposed. Firstly, high temperature flow stress of iron aluminides can be resolved into internal stress and frictional stress. Secondly, the temperature corresponding to peak strength gets higher level at faster strain rate, which presumably due to the increased contribution of internal stress in observed flow stress. And thirdly, the alloying of Cr seems to cause solid-solution strengthening of frictional stress level and the elevation of 2nd order transition temperature. In this analogy, Fe-28Al-5Cr exhibits better strength especially at relatively higher temperature and lower strain rate than Fe-28Al.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2010

횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 역학적 거동을 예측하기 위해 보통강도 콘크리트의 구성모델을 적용할 경우 연성 거동이 과대평가된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 콘크리트 강도가 증가함에 따라 구속효과에 미치는 영향을 고찰하여 고강도 콘크리트에 적용 가능한 정확한 응력-변형률 관계가 요구된다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 강도와 연성 거동에 양향을 미치는 변수들의 회귀분석을 통한 변수별 회귀식을 바탕으로 새로운 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 구성모델이 제안된다. 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 강도 및 초기강성을 나타내는 응력-변형률 곡선의 상승부는 제안된 구성모델과 잘 일치하였고 연성 거동을 나타내는 하강부 곡선은 원형 단면을 가지는 낮은 횡구속 철근의 항복강도 및 철근비일 때 과대평가되었다. 콘크리트 강도를 주요 변수로 하는 제안된 구성모델은 문헌분석을 통한 25개의 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트 기둥의 실험적 연구와 비교 분석한 결과 콘크리트 압축강도 60~124 MPa 범위에서의 응력-변형률 곡선과 잘 일치되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

최근에 노후화된 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 보강 방법으로 FRP를 이용한 보강이 효과적인 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 FRP로 보강된 콘크리트 실린더의 거동을 실험적으로 조사하고자 하는 것이다. 실험 변수로는 콘크리트의 압축강도, FRP재료의 종류 및 구속비이다. 본 연구에서 아라미드, 탄소 및 유리섬유로 보강된 콘크리트의 성능을 압축강도 실험을 통한 연구 결과를 보이고 있다. 이를 위해 축방향 하중, 축방향 및 횡방향 변형률을 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 콘크리트의 강도와 횡방향 변형률과 횡방향 구속응력의 비로 정의되는 구속비가 구속 콘크리트의 응력-변형률을 결정하는 주요 인자인 것으로 나타났다. FRP로 더 많은 보강을 한 실험체는 우수한 구속력으로 인한 강도의 증가를 야기하였다. 고강도 콘크리트의 경우 FRP에 의한 보강으로 구속력의 증가이 증가되더라도 실험체의 압축변형률이 감소하여 취성파괴의 경향을 보였다. 구속된 콘크리트의 파괴는 FRP 재료의 극한 변형률 보다 낮은 변형률에서 FRP의 파단으로 시작되어 콘크리트의 파괴에 도달하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.116-121
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• 1990

Baxed on the results tested by various researchers, a complete stress-strain relation of plain and confined concrete is proposed. The peak strength and the corresponding strain are calculated by using the Mohr-Coulomb theory and elastic tri-axial constitutive relation. A parametric study was conducted to assess the influence of the plain concrete strength, the degree of confinement, the shape of the section, and the tie configuration for the square section. According to this model, the behavior of concrete section is predicted, and compared with experimental data and other proposed models on circular and square sections. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is observed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.419-445
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• 2013

This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of principal stress direction and magnitude of intermediate principal stress on the undrained stress-strain-strength behaviors of Bangkok Clay. The results of torsional shear hollow cylinder and advanced triaxial tests with various principal stress directions and magnitudes of intermediate principal stress on undisturbed Bangkok Clay specimens are presented. The analysis of testing results include: (i) stress-strain and pore pressure behaviors, (ii) stiffness characteristics, and (iii) strength characteristics. The results assert clear evidences of anisotropic characteristics of Bangkok Clay at pre-failure and failure conditions. The magnitude of intermediate principal stress for plane-strain condition is also investigated. Both failure surface and plastic potential in deviatoric plane of Bangkok Clay are demonstrated to be isotropic and of circular shape which implies an associated flow rule. It is also observed that the shape of failure surface in deviatoric plane changes its size, while retaining its circular shape, with the change in direction of major principal stress. Concerning the behavior of Bangkok Clay found from this study, the discussions on the effects of employed constitutive modeling approach on the resulting numerical analysis are made.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2017

In this paper, the mechanical property of CFRP, BFRP, GFRP and their hybrid FRP was experimentally studied. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of CFRP, BFRP, GFRP and their hybrid FRP were tested. The experimental results showed that the elastic modulus of hybrid FRP agreed well with the theoretical rule of mixture, which means the property of hybrid composites are linear with the volumes of the corresponding components while the tensile strength did not. The bearing capacity, peak strain, stress-strain relationship of circular concrete columns confined by CFRP, BFRP, GFRP and hybrid FRP subjected to axial compression were recorded. And the confinement effect of hybrid FRP on concrete columns was analyzed. The test results showed that the bearing capacity and ductility of concrete columns were efficiently improved through hybrid FRP confinement. A strength model and a stress-strain relationship model of hybrid FRP confined concrete columns were proposed. The proposed stress-strain model was shown to be capable of providing accurate prediction of the axial compressive strength of hybrid FRP confined concrete compared with Teng et al. (2002) model, Karbhari and Gao (1997) model and Miyachi et al. (1999) model. The modified stress-strain model was also suitable for single FRP confinement cases and it was so concise in form and didn't have piecewise fitting, which would be easy for use in structural design.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.469-481
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• 2017

This paper aims to analytically investigate the effect of shear stress at the concrete-steel interface on the mechanical behavior of the circular steel tube-confined concrete (STCC) stub columns with active and passive confinement subjected to axial compression. Nonlinear 3D finite element models divided into the four groups, i.e. circumferential-grooved, talc-coated, lubricated, and normal groups, with active and passive confinement were developed. An innovative method was used to simulate the actively-confined specimens, and then, the results of the finite element models were compared with those of the experiments previously conducted by the authors. It was revealed that both the predicted peak compressive strength and stress-strain curves have good agreement with the corresponding values measured for the confined columns. Then, the mechanical properties of the active and passive specimens such as the concrete-steel interaction, longitudinal and hoop stresses of the steel tube, confining pressure applied to the concrete core, and compressive stress-strain curves were analyzed. Furthermore, a parametric study was performed to explore the effects of the concrete compressive strength, steel tube diameter-to-wall thickness ratio, and prestressing level on the compressive behavior of the STCC columns. The results indicate that reducing or removing the interfacial shear stress in the active and passive specimens leads to an increase in the hoop stress and confining pressure, while the longitudinal stress along the steel tube height experiences a decrease. Moreover, prestressing via the presented method is capable of improving the compressive behavior of STCC columns.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.309-324
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• 2024

Internal curing, a widely used method for mitigating early-age shrinkage in concrete, also offers notable advantages for concrete durability. This paper explores the potential of internal curing by partial replacement of sand with fine lightweight aggregate for enhancing the behavior of high-performance concrete at elevated temperatures. Such a technique may prove economical and safe for the construction of skyscrapers, where explosive spalling of high-performance concrete in fire is a potential hazard. To reach this aim, the physico-mechanical features of internally cured high-strength concrete specimens, including mass loss, compressive strength, strain at peak stress, modulus of elasticity, stress-strain curve, toughness, and flexural strength, were investigated under different temperature exposures; and to predict some of these mechanical properties, a number of equations were proposed. Based on the experimental results, an advanced stress-strain model was proposed for internally cured high-performance concrete at different temperature levels, the results of which agreed well with the test data. It was observed that the replacement of 10% of sand with pre-wetted fine lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) not only did not reduce the compressive strength at ambient temperature, but also prevented explosive spalling and could retain 20% of its ambient compressive strength after heating up to 800℃. It was then concluded that internal curing is an excellent method to enhance the performance of high-strength concrete at elevated temperatures.