• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.297-307
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• 2021

Purpose: This descriptive study compared the perceived parental stress levels between parents with very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) and nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: In total, 83 parents of VLBWIs and 78 NICU nurses were enrolled. Data were collected with the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) and analyzed using the t-test and analysis of variance in SAS version 9.4. Results: The average PSS score was 3.31 among parents and 3.45 among nurses. The stress score was significantly higher among nurses with children (t=2.46, p=.016) and senior nurses (t=2.12, p=.037). There was a significant difference in the stress score according to parents' education (t=3.29, p=.002) and occupation (F=3.14, p=.049) in the sights and sounds subscale. Mothers had significantly higher stress scores than fathers in the parental role alterations subscale (t=2.32, p=.023). Parental stress scores were higher than those perceived by nurses in the infant's appearance and behaviors subscale for breathing patterns (t=2.95, p=.004), followed by jerky/ restless behavior (t=2.70, p=.008). Conclusion: Nurses should provide explanations to parents of VLBWIs in order to reduce parental stress about the appearances and behavior of VLBWIs. This is more important than aspect of the NICU environment and education about parental roles.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was to investigate the needs for developing the health promotion program for elderly and to compare the health promoting lifestyles behaviors and perceived health status of elderly in urban and rural area. Methods: The data was collected from 82 elders in urban(D city) and 77 elders in rural area(C county) by face to face interview. The Health Promoting Lifestyle ProfileII(HPLPII) and Perceived Health Status were used. Results: 1) The total score of HPLP was 2.44. In the subscales, the highest degree of performance was 'nutrition', following 'interpersonal relationship', 'stress management', 'health responsibility' and 'spiritual growth' and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. 2) Elderly people living in urban area had significantly higher the total HPLP score than elderly people living in rural area The urban elderly had significantly higher the score of HPLP subscales such as 'physical activity', 'interpersonal relationship' and stress management than rural elderly. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 8.79. There was no significant difference in the perceived health status between urban and rural elderly. Conclusions: The above findings indicate that it is necessary to develop a health promotion program with reinforced physical activity, health responsibility and spiritual growth for elderly people in Korea. Especially the physical activity need to he strengthened for rural elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.271-282
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• 2000

Primary school is regarded as an important period when many health-related behaviors and life-styles begin to be formed. Acquiring them through school heath education has a strong influence on the health promotion of not only the family but also the community. The goal of this study is to provide baseline data to develop a suitable smoking prevention program for the first graders of middle school. In order to provide this baseline data, the relationships between knowledge and attitudes of the adolescent regarding smoking, and the degree of their stress and self-esteem of the adolescent were explored To achieve this goal a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the students in two middle schools in Kwang-ju City by school nurses, 400 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SAS-Fe. The findings were as follows; 1. The subjects of this study were 225 male and 179 female, their average age of than was 12.7. Two students were smoking currently and 49 students had smoked. They started smoking at the mean age of 10.0. 2. Students who were not smoking showed more positive attitudes regarding anti- smoking(F=34.07, p=0.0001), perceived less stress(F=8.32, p=0.0003), and had higher self-esteem(F=15.35, p=0.0001). 3. Those who had the intention to smoke in the future showed more negative attitudes regarding anti-smoking(F=38.97, p=0.0001), perceived more stress(F=4.87, p=0.002) and had lower self-esteem(F=5.55, p=0.0042) 4. Those who had a better self-perception of school performance showed more positive attitudes regarding smoking(F=8.28, p=0.0003), perceived less stress(F=3.48, p=0.0316), and had higher self-esteem(F=22.36, p=0.0001). Those who frequently communicate with their parent showed more positive attitudes regarding anti-smoking(F=4.27, p=0.0082), and had high self-esteem(F=13.28, p=0.0001). 5. There were positive correlations between the attitudes regarding smoking and the self esteem of the adolescent(r=0.36498, p=0.0001), and a negative correlation between the self esteem and the perceived stress of the adolescent(r=-0.34763, p=0.0001). From the above results, we notice adolescent's smoking were related not only with knowledge regarding smoking but also with the intention to smoke in the future, attitudes regarding smoking, and the degree of their stress and self-esteem. So the smoking prevention program to reduce adolescent smoking should include the strategies to increase self-esteem and to address the perceived stress and the dangers of smoking.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2006

The goal of this research was to clarify how a child's maladjustment affects the teacher-child relationship and leads to teaching stress. Subjects were 178 teacher-child pairs in kindergartens or day care centers. The child was 3 to 5-years-old and perceived by its teacher as having maladjusted behavior. Teachers responded to the Index of Teaching Stress(Greene, Abidin, & Kmetz, 1997) and the Student-Teacher Relationships Scale(Pianta 1991). The maladjusted behaviors observed by teachers were correlated with each other. ADHD was the biggest problem perceived by teachers. Most fields of maladjusted children's behaviors caused stress to teachers except those of intellectual deficit and academic Problems. Frustration peaked during the teaching process. More severely maladjusted behaviors resulted in greater conflict in teacher-child relationships.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.261-273
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• 1997

In this study, we compared the perceived level of daily hassels between korean and American children. The subjects of this study were 157 Korean and 121 American children in elementary school (5th grade), 156 Korean and 90 American in middle school(7the grade). Daily hassels scale by authors consisted of the school situation, family situation, self, personal relationship and extra situation stress. The main results were as follows; 1. Korean children experienced more stress than America children in school situation, self, persona relationship and extra situation stress. 2. The perceived level of daily hassels scores among Korean and american children are not significantly different by gender. 3. Middle school students experienced more stress than elementary school students in school situation. Especially for the Korean middle school students, school situation was the most stressful factor. 4. For the stress from personal relationship, korean children experienced more stress than American children in every items except problems with by friends and girlfriends. 5. For the stress from extra situation stress, Korean children experienced more stress than American children in every items. From the result, we suggest that educational programs to improve interpersonal relationship skills, self-concept and stress coping skills should be provided for Korean children. And more environmental and educational care should be provided for Korean children, too.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.502-512
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify differences in stress levels and stress coping strategies according to the degree of emotional intelligence in nursing students. Method: Study participants included 367 nursing students from three universities in Gyeonggi and Chungnam provinces. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire in December 2012 and subsequently analyzed via the IBM SPSS 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe tests. Results: The emotional intelligence of nursing students was slightly higher than average. Perceived stress and clinical practice stress among nursing students were high and nursing students used more problem-focused compared to emotion-focused coping strategies. Nursing students who had a higher level of emotional intelligence exhibited lower levels of perceived stress (t=2.26, p=.025) and clinical practice stress (t=9.37, p<.001) and more used problem-focused coping strategies (t=-7.56, p<.001) than those who had a lower level of emotional intelligence. Conclusion: These results suggest that nursing interventions to improve the emotional intelligence of nursing students are necessary to manage stress more effectively.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.63-82
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• 1999

This study has a purpose to provide with the basis reference to decrease the housewives' stress and to improve the quality of family life by investigating the difference in the level of the stress resulted from home management according to background variables family cohesion and adaptability and by finding out relative importance of the variables which affect the stress of housewives resulted from home management. For all above the 550 self-reported questionnaires were distributed to housewives who have at least one child with their spouse in seoul. Finally 433 data were used for the final analysis. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: First Family cohesion and adaptability show a significant difference by the housewives' education level the number of children communication satisfaction. Second housewives' stress is different significantly in accordance with the state of employment and communication satisfaction. Third it showed the lower the family coh sion and adaptability are the higher the housewives' stress is. And more influential variable of the two on home management stress is family cohesion. Fourth The background variables that influence in home management stress were education level perceived life level and age. Last As a result of looking into relative influence of the variables on the housewives' stress both psychological variable(perceived life level) and family cohesion were important variables in explaining housewives' home management stress.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among bullying, ego-resilience, perceived stress and adaptation on college in nursing students. A total of 212 students from 1-4 grade in one nursing college were recruited into the study. The data were collected using questionnaire about bullying, ego-resilience, perceived stress and adaptation and were analyzed with PASW Statistics 18.0 program. Bullying and perceived stress had a significant negative association with nursing college adaptation(r=-.261, p<.001; r=-.261, p<.001) and nursing college adaptation was positively correlated with ego-resilience(r=.337, p<.001). The significant predictors of nursing college adaptation were grade(${\beta}$=-.216, p=.003), satisfaction with major(${\beta}$=-.245, p<.001), the latest semester grade(${\beta}$=.210, p=.028) and ego-resilience (${\beta}$=.324, p<.001), explaining 29.1% of the variance in nursing college adaptation(F=9.691, p<.001). According to the results, ego-resilience could be a key factor to improve college adaptation and bullying and perceived stress were associated with adaptation. Therefore many trials have to be need for enhancing college adaptation in a multiple and convergent way and it is suggested that the program to strengthen college adaptation should be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.653-661
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine the impacts of perceived stress and empathy ability on altruistic behavior of freshman nursing students. Data were collected from 160 freshman nursing students between 24 November and 9 December 2016. A total of 154 questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. The results showed that perceived stress had significant negative correlations with altruistic behavior (r=-0.178, p=0.028) as did positive perception, a subfactor of perceived stress (r=-0.347, p<0.001). However, empathy ability was significantly positively correlated with altruistic behavior (r=0.607, p<0.001). The factors influencing altruistic behavior included emotional empathy, cognitive empathy and positive perception, with emotional empathy being the most influential factor (${\beta}=0.320$), followed by cognitive empathy (${\beta}=0.312$), which together had an explanatory power of 41.6%. Moreover, there was a mediating effect of empathy ability in the relationship between positive perception and altruistic behavior. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the management of curricula for nursing college students should search for ways to reduce their perceived stress as well as increase their empathy ability in order to improve their altruistic behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.313-327
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of new graduate nurses' empathy and their perceived preceptors' empathy on job satisfaction, job stress and turnover intention. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on new graduate nurses who were under 12 months old while working at three medical institutions that operated the preceptorship. In the preceptorship according to adult learning theory, the preceptors need to create a psychological environment for the new graduate nurses, and their empathy should be perceived by new graduate nurses. The study revealed that the new graduate nurses group with high level of empathy had high levels of job satisfaction, low job stress, and low degree of turnover intention, and the level of empathy affects job satisfaction of new graduate nurses. The new graduate nurses group with low level of perceived preceptor's empathy had low job satisfaction, high job stress, and high degree of turnover intention, and their perceived preceptor's empathy affected job stress and turnover intention. Based on these results, we suggest the introduction of a program to enhance empathy for new graduate nurses and preceptors.