• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.379-388
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• 2006

Objectives: This study assessed the influences of various factors that are related to youth smoking such as gender, age and type of school, and we wanted to provide supporting data for tailored and effective policy initiatives to reduce adolescent smoking. Methods: A self-report survey was conducted on 14,910 teen-age students who were selected based on the nationwide distribution of students in large and small cities and counties, the gender ratio of the students and the ratio of students attending various type of school at 38 middle and high schools in six representative areas of each province. The survey was handled and managed by a health education teacher at each school. Binary and multinomial logistic regression was used in the analyses. Results: Smoking by adolescents was associated with gender, age and even height. Male high school students tended to smoke more than female high school students, but this differences was not significant for middle school students. The older the adolescents were, the more likely that they smoked, except for the female high school students. Height was meaningful for all adolescents, except for the boys at the vocational high schools. Monthly allowance was significant for all adolescents. School factors such as type of school and the students' school performance were also crucial factors. Attending a vocational high school was strongly related to smoking, especially for girls. Students' school performance and the perceived level of stress were strongly associated with smoking, especially for boys. Home factors such as the relationship with parents and conversation time with family members were closely related to smoking behavior. Knowledge about the health hazard of smoking was also found to be strongly related to adolescent smoking. Conclusions: In conclusion, demographic factors, school factors, home surroundings and the perception on the harmfulness of smoking are strongly related to adolescent smoking behavior, but these differ from gender and type of school.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.268-278
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify the moderating effect of public health service utilization rate between public health resources and community mental health. The subjects included 144 local communities, from the data of 6th Community Health Plan and the 2015 Community Health Survey. Public health resources were measured by public health budget, public mental health budget and public mental health personnel; and mental health was measured by rate of perceived stress, rate of depressive mood and suicide rate. The hierarchical regression analysis was used to identify the moderating effects. The results were as followed. First, the effect of public mental health budget on rate of depressive mood was moderated by public health service utilization rate. Second, the effect of public mental health personnel on rate of depressive mood was moderated by public health service utilization rate. Third, the effect of public mental health personnel on suicide rate was also moderated by public health service utilization rate. Fourth, the effect of public health resources on mental health differed between the groups with high and low public health service utilization rate. In improving community mental health, the measures to improve the public health service utilization rate should be considered to ensure that reinforcing public health resources leads to the improvement of community mental health.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.209-215
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• 2013

Objectives: Terminal cancer patients and their caregivers often experience traumatic stress and need many types of assistance. In the present study we interviewed terminally ill cancer patients and caregivers to determine how much burden they experienced and to find out what factors are most important for satisfaction. Design: We constructed a questionnaire including overall care burden and needs experienced, and administered it to 659 terminal cancer patients and 659 important caregivers at 11 university hospitals and 1 national cancer center in Korea. Results: Finally, 481 terminal cancer patients and 381 caregivers completed the questionnaire. Care burden was not insubstantial in both and the caregiver group felt more burden than the patient group (P<0.001). While the patient group needed financial support most (39.0%), the caregiver group placed greatest emphasis on discussion about further treatment plans (44.8%). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses showed that in the patient group, patient's health status (OR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.16-3.56) and burden (OR, 2.82; 95%CI, 1.76-4.50) influenced satisfaction about overall care, while in the caregiver group, high education level (OR, 1.84; 95%CI, 1.76-4.50), burden (OR, 2.94; 95%CI, 1.75-4.93) and good family function (OR, 1.94; 95%CI, 1.24-3.04) were important. Conclusions: Our study showed that burden was great in both terminal cancer patients and their caregivers and was perceived to be more severe by caregivers. Our study also showed that burden was the factor most predicting satisfaction about overall care in both groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.544-552
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• 1998

A random study of 574 dairy farms in Gyeongnam area was designed to determine 1) management factors that may be associated with the occurrence of drug residues; 2) the dairy farmer's attitudes and knowledge about residues; 3) how these variables influence the occurrence of residues in dairy cattle. Management factors perceived as having the greatest influence on drug residues in milk were insufficient knowledge about withdrawal periods, errors due to hired help, insufficient identification and record of animals treated for mastitis, dry cow treatment for mastitis, and metritis treatment. Seventy-one percent of farms with residues problem used mixed own feeds compared with twenty-nine percent of farms with premedicated feeds. Factors significantly associated with the occurrence of residues were herd size, increased number of hired persons, increased frequency of use of mixed-own feeds, category of medicated feed, and producer's attitude toward the public health significance of residues. Our findings suggest that residue occurrence was mainly associated with errors due to hired help, insufficient knowledge about withdrawal periods, poor animal identification and records of treatment animals and use of medicated feeds. Any residue avodiance educational program needs to stress how to deal with these factors. This educational program should be directed to dairy farmers and employees, especially temporary employees. In addition, Dairy farmer's attitudes and knowledge about drug residues need to be improved. More evidence on the public healths significance of residues should be available to them. Because belife in importance of public healths concerns was related to successful residue avidance and because 81.3% of the dairy farmers with residue problem thought public healths concerns were less important than economic ones, it would be helpful to provide educational programs specifically directed to this issue. it may be useful to provide programs not only for the dairy farmers but also change of their concerns about on the public healths.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.96-107
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify the associated factors of protective behaviors for radiation exposure among some radiology technologists using the Health Belief Model. The subjects of the study were 541 radiology technologists working at hospitals or clinics in Honam Province. Using the SPSS version 18.0 program, data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis. To modify the factors, the performance of subjects who had a higher level of education and nuclear medicine rooms were higher than those who worked in simple radiography rooms. The radiation protective behaviors performance of the subjects who had more exercise, medium-level stress, and worked in higher-quality protection facilities was higher. Regarding the personal perceptions, the cues to action (β=.292, p=.0001), and perceived seriousness (β =.075, p=.010) were factors that had effects on the performance of radiation protection behaviors. Regarding the likelihood of action, the benefits (β=.168, p<.0001), self-efficacy (β=.148, p=.007), and the performance of protective behaviors were higher. In conclusion, protection education as a cue to action should be provided to stimulate protective behaviors, and the benefits of protective behaviors should be emphasized. To increase the performance of protection behaviors, self-efficacy should be enhanced, and the subjects are offered appropriate information that helps perceive seriousness.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.597-605
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades in Korea. This study was designed to examine differences in the eating habits, physical activity (PA), nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of children by obesity status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 5th-grade children from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Survey questionnaire included items related to general characteristics, eating habits, PA, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy. Excluding incomplete responses, 3,531 data were analyzed using SPSS. Subjects were categorized into overweight obesity (OW) and normal weight (NW) groups based on body mass index percentiles for age by sex. RESULTS: A total of 21.5% of subjects was overweight or obese. There were significant differences in gender, perceived stress, perception of body shape, body satisfaction, and interest in weight control between the OW and NW groups (P < 0.001). With respect to eating habits, the OW group ate breakfast (P < 0.05) and snacks (P < 0.01) less frequently, ate bigger meals (P < 0.001), and demonstrated less desirable behaviors during meals (P < 0.05 in boys) compared to the NW group. The OW group participated in less PA than the NW group, especially boys. OW boys spent less time walking during weekdays (P < 0.05) or the weekend (P < 0.001), spent more time being sedentary during weekdays or the weekend (P < 0.001), and exercised a fewer number of days (P < 0.01). For girls, the OW group spent more time being sedentary during the weekend (P < 0.01) and exercised a fewer number of days by walking or bicycle riding (P < 0.05) than the NW group. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between the OW and NW groups. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01 in boys), especially PA self-efficacy (P < 0.01), was significantly lower in the OW than NW group. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed differences in eating habits, PA, and self-efficacy between OW and NW children. Obesity management programs for children need to focus on increasing self-efficacy, modifying eating habits, and increasing PA.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.758-771
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• 2012

This research contains awareness of antioxidant and intakes of antioxidant foods for the present evaluate college students in Seoul, 375 patients were investigated. The subjects, the woman college student more than male's responded, showed a uniform distribution in the allowance, grade and the most type of residence is living apart from their family. All male and female college students recognize a lot about health, but male college students had higher than female students interested in the health, on the other hand, female college students had higher than male college students for the health efforts for the promotion of a healthy. Awareness about the oxide and active oxygen is moderate level, but knowledge about active oxygen is low level, they responded that active oxygen was caused when received stress or do strenuous exercise. General Health Functional Foods recognized that the usual intake, but intake of antioxidant was when the activity was caused by active oxygen. They recognized that the antioxidant effect is anti-aging and vitamin, wine and tea, were perceived as antioxidant foods, are popularly known. Usually, people was initially recognized through the internet in university or high school, they desire to obtain information was high but the effort to gain understanding and knowledge about antioxidant are relatively low. The result of comparing the difference of natural antioxidant foods and antioxidant healthy functional foods, recognizes of effects and absorption rate are similar, but recognizes that natural food intake is better recognition in the economics and health functional food is better recognition in the easy intake and nature foods was more preferred than functional foods because of nature friendly. Trying to intake of antioxidant foods is low, but people is expected anti-aging and fatigue recovery through the intake of antioxidant food. People think that intake is irrelevant to the season, but summer is higher than other seasons. Showed that efficacy perceptions about health supplements are higher, but efficacy perceptions about antioxidant health supplements when ingested are at a moderate level, which is lower, due to low antioxidant for understanding. Antioxidant functional health food intake will be affected the gifts or the people around them and purchase is also more influenced by surround people than themselves. So showed that most college students prefer natural antioxidant foods than antioxidant health supplements, in case of ingested antioxidant health supplements also showed that it was consumed by surround people than personal will.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.197-220
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• 1997

The lack of a comprehensive theory describing the mechanism of adaptation scientifically has been one of the limiting factors for the development of nursing intervention of patients with chronic illness. Since Roy's theory provides the general conceptual framework depicting adaptation process with structural stimuli and control mechanism, it is appropriate to understand the process of adaptation. But in Roy's theory, the propositions about cognator and regulator as control mechanisms are not clearly defined. For this reason, most of the previous researches applying the Roy's theory have disregarded the study of cognator and regulator. For the patients with chronic illness such as rheumatoid arthritis, it was reported that adaptation states were different for the same stimuli due to the difference of the control mechanism. Moreover in nursing it is important to identify the control mechanism which can be and must be intervened by nurses. It was the Lazarus and Folkman's theory that proposed the control mechanism. They suggested that individual differences in the reaction against the perceived stress are due to the difference in appraisal and coping. Therefore, the synthesis of Roy's and Lazarus and Folkman's propositions might help to clearly understand the mechanism of adaptation. From this point, a theoretical framework has been developed and tested. The subjects were the 297 patients who had been diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis and attended the outpatient clinic. A hypothetical prediction model of adaptation was tested by the covariance structure analysis with PC-LISREL 7.13. As a result, the overall fit was good($x^2$=78.83, p=0.00 ; GFI=0.96 : AGFI=0.90 ; RMR=0.04) for the hypothetical model. In the final model added GA(5, 1), the overall fit was increased ($x^2$=57.82, p=0.003 ; GFI=0.97 ; AGFI=0.93 : RMR=0.036). Except the fact that illness symptoms affected physical adaptation directly, it was supported that focal and contextual stimuli affected physical and psychosocial adaptation through appraisal and coping. Therefore, it was asserted that the synthesis of two theory's propositions was appropriate. So this model would be useful for the theoretical framework in the nursing practice. And this study synthesizing and testing the theory might contribute to establish nursing's scientific base.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2996-3006
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate self-esteem, social support and depressive symptoms among college students, as well as to reveal its related factors. The self-administered questionnaire was filled out by 471 students from university located in Daejon city and Chungnam during two weeks from April 23, 2013. As a results, lower the self-esteem is, the depression level comes out to be higher. Also weaker social support is the factor to give rise to depression. Self-esteem and social support showed negative correlation with depression. Social support showed positive correlation with self-esteem. According to hierarchical multiple regression analysis, following factors influence depression level with explanatory powers of 23.8%: sex, age, stress for body shape, perceived economical status, studying time, self-esteem, and social support. In the conclusion, this result imply that depression level of college students is closely related to self-esteem and social support. Especially, social support showed higher correlation with depression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.57
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• pp.43-82
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• 2017

As material perspective that stresses absolute income has limitations in explaining socioeconomic gradients in health, research on the relationship between an individual's subjective socioeconomic status(SSS) and health has emerged in recent years. Although previous research has been conducted mostly on adults, late school-aged children, who frequently evaluate themselves using social comparisons, are likely to subjectively perceive their socioeconomic status and be affected by their perception. Accordingly, this study examined the relationship between late school-aged children's SSS and their physical health, and its underlying path based on a psychosocial perspective. For this purpose, data from the first year survey of the Seoul Education and Health Welfare Panel (2014), which consisted of responses from 394 children ($4^{th}$ graders in elementary school) and their parents, were analyzed utilizing structural equation modeling. The results showed an indirect but significant relationship between late school-aged children's SSS and their physical health, via stress, self-efficacy, and health behaviors, which are mediating variables grounded on a psychosocial perspective. No direct relationship was found between late school-aged children's SSS and physical health. Based on these findings, we suggested several implications to improving children's health, including efforts to prevent adverse effects of low SSS on physical health through psychosocial factors.