• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.910-918
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• 2017

Hyperlipidemia is known as a glucose and lipid metabolism-related disorder that is increasing in incidence in modern society. Red ginseng (RG) is a natural herb candidate with a positive effect on regulation of cholesterol and lipids. To observe the effects of RG on regulation of lipids, cholesterol, glucose, and oxidative stress, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of Chamdahan RG on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-fed mice. RG ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, a low concentration of RG (880 mg/kg/d) resulted in the lowest total blood cholesterol level. Moreover, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol quantity increased in RG-treated groups, consequently lowering the cardiovascular risk factor and atherosclerosis index. Moreover, RG increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase, as a regulator of lipid and cholesterol synthesis, in adipose and liver tissues. Cumulatively, this paper suggests that RG has a positive effect on reducing the amounts of cholesterol and lipids and may be a good candidate for treating hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the rheological and pasting properties of potato flour dispersions at different concentrations (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7%, w/w). A potato cultivar 'Goun', used in this study, was developed by Highland Agriculture Research Center, RDA. Potato flour dispersions showed shear-thinning behaviors (n=0.44~0.51) at $25^{\circ}C$. Apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,100}$), consistency index (K), and yield stress (${\sigma}_{oc}$) significantly increased with an increase in potato flour concentration. Storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") significantly increased, whereas complex viscosity (${\eta}^*$) was significantly reduced with increasing frequency (${\omega}$) from 0.63 to 63.8 rad/s. Magnitudes of G' and G" were significantly increased with elevation of potato flour concentration. G' values were considerably greater than G" over the entire range of frequency (${\omega}$) with a high dependence on ${\omega}$. Cox-Merz rule was not applicable to potato flour dispersions. Rapid Visco Analyzer data showed that peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, and set back viscosity of samples significantly increased with an increase in potato flour concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.516-526
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• 2003

Thirty-six barley varieties including Korean modern and local varieties were tested for drought-tolerance in the field of plastic rain shelter, Drought treatment was initiated at initial tillering stage (March 27, 2002) by withholding irrigation and lasted until harvest. Soil water potential maintained at around -0.05㎫ in the control plot and varied from -0.05㎫ (at the initial stage of drought treatment) to -0.29㎫ in the drought treatment plot. At forty days after drought treatment, relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential (OP), osmotic adjustment (OA), and $^{13}\textrm{C}$ discrimination ($\Delta$) were measured and then plants were sampled for leaf area index (LAI) and dry weight (DW). Barley was harvested at maturity for determining DW, grain yield, 1000 grains weight and number of spikelet. The tested varieties revealed wide spectrum of drought tolerance. Dongbori-1, Chalbori, Changyeongjaerae, Samdobori and Weolseong 87-31 showed strong drought-tolerance while Songhagbori and Suwonmaeg360 showed weak drought-tolerance. The drought injury indexes (drought/control ratio) of DW and yield revealed significant positive correlation with leaf RWC in drought treatment plot and $\Delta$ in the control plot, but obvious negative correlation with leaf OP and OA under drought condition. In addition, all the drought indexes of OP, $\Delta$ and RWC showed obvious positive correlation with the drought injury indexes of DW, 1000 grain weight and yield. Thus, OP and RWC under drought condition and $\Delta$ under well-watered condition would be used as the evaluation criteria for drought- tolerance of barley genotypes. However, further investigation is needed for the relationship between $\Delta$ and drought-tolerance as the other reports were not consistent with our result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.562-568
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of Yuza pectin extract (0, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2%, w/v) on the physicochemical, microbial, rheological, and sensory properties of yogurt. Pectin extract was extracted from Yuza peel by using citrate after juicing the flesh. The total sugar content of Yuza pectin was 89.07%. The pH of Yuza pectin extract-added yogurt was 4.43. All Yuza pectin extract-added yogurt samples showed shear-thinning flow behaviors (n=0.33~0.44). The values for apparent viscosity ($0.34{\sim}0.47Pa{\cdot}s$), consistency index ($4.48{\sim}10.25Pa{\cdot}s^n$), yield stress (6.56~17.61 Pa), storage modulus (47.96~75.21 Pa), and loss modulus (19.79~26.06 Pa) for 0.1~0.2% (w/v) Yuza pectin extract-added yogurt were considerably higher than those of the control. These result indicated that Yuza pectin extract could enhance steady and dynamic shear rheological properties of yogurt. The sensory scores of Yuza pectin extract-added yogurt were higher than those of the control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2016

The objective of the present study was to investigate the rheological properties of potato starch cross-linked with different concentrations (0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5%, w/v) of cross-linking agents (10 g of adipic acid and 40 g of acetic anhydride). Cross-linked potato starch dispersions showed shear-thinning behaviors (n=0.43~0.63) at $25^{\circ}C$. Apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,100}$), consistency index (K), and yield stress (${\sigma}_{oc}$) significantly increased with an increase in the concentrations of cross-linking agents from 0.125 to 0.5% (w/v). Storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') increased, whereas complex viscosity (${\eta}^*$) was reduced with increasing frequency (${\omega}$) from 0.63 to 62.8 rad/s. Magnitudes of G' and G'' for cross-linked potato starch were significantly increased with an elevation in the concentrations of cross-linking agents. G' values of cross-linked potato starches were significantly higher than G'', indicating that the starches had more elastic properties than viscous properties. Cox-Merz rule was not applicable to potato starch dispersions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.771-777
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• 2017

This study investigated the rheological properties of Calrose rice flour dispersions as well as the effects of different thawing methods (steamer, smart oven, and microwave oven) on quality characteristics of frozen turmeric rice. Apparent viscosity, consistency index, and yield stress significantly increased at higher rice flour concentrations. Magnitudes of storage modulus and loss modulus significantly increased with elevation of rice flour concentration. Frozen turmeric rice thawed using a steamer had the highest moisture content and largest size (length, width, and thickness) among all thawing methods. The L values of turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer was significantly higher than those of other thawing methods. The a value of turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer was significantly lower than those of other thawing methods. Textural properties (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, brittleness, and chewiness) of frozen turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer were significantly lower than those of other thawing methods. Therefore, it can be concluded that frozen turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer might be desirable for improvement of texture.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of the Zacco platypus population among streams in the Gongjicheon water system, Korea from December 2010 to October 2011. In this study, fish fauna was collected 27 Species belonged to 9 Families. The legal protection species, such as a natural monument and endangered species was not collected. Korean endemic species was collected 6 species including to Z. koreanus. The ratio of Korean endemic species was 22.6%, and it was lower than 51.3% that average of Korean endemic species in the Hangang water system. About these status, we considered that Gongjicheon water system had lost of the unique characteristics of the Hangang water system by the anthropogenic disturbances. The result of analysis to length-weight relationship and condition factor(K) of Z. platypus population in the Gongjicheon water system, the regression coefficient value(b) to indication of growth degree of the population was 3.04 and the slope of the condition factor(K) to indication of corpulency had positive value, respectively. These results seems to be that the Z. platypus population is maintained to a little unstably. In addition, the values of the degree of growth and corpulence were very low than the other natural streams in the Hangang water system, so it considered that the many artificially stress factors are occurred in this study area. These results are similar to Fish Assessment Index(FAI) in the assessment for health of aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, we are considered to require precise investigation and sustained monitoring for the restorations of stream ecosystem in the Gongjicheon water system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the association between asthma and emotions, such as depression, stress, and health awareness. We observed the effects of blood indices on asthma in Korean adults. Data from 5852 adults were taken from the 2017 Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. The probability of asthma occurrence in over 65 years old was higher than in 19-44 years old (OR = 1.48), and asthma occurrence was high in subjects with low educational (OR = 1.89) and income (OR = 2.07) levels. With regard to marital status, singleness and divorce and dye were found to have increased the probability of asthma occurrence by 1.62- and 2.30-folds, respectively. The restriction of activities was another factor that increased with asthma occurrence (OR = 2.39). In terms of emotions, general health awareness was significantly 3.45 times increased the probability of asthma occurrence at their health bad awareness. Furthermore, depression (OR = 1.782) was shown to have increased asthma occurrence. The blood index of C-CRP 1.12 times increased the probability of asthma occurrence. The factors that influenced asthma occurrence were age, education, income, marital status, the restriction of activities, general health awareness, depression, and C-CRP. Emotional factors and blood indices are potential risk factors for the development of asthma in Korean adults. By understanding the increased risks of asthma occurrence with general characteristics and emotional factors and blood indices, the management and prevention of asthma should include the management of emotional factors.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 1999

Tin oxide films as an anode layer for microbatteries were deposited by using rf magnetron sputtering. Characterization of the films was carried out in terms of working pressure in the range of 5~30 mtorr. Rf power and substrate temperature during deposition were fixed at 2.5W/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and A.T., respectively. The crystal orientation of $SnO_2$films was changed from (110) to (101) or (211) with the increasing working pressure. Refractive index and film density of the films also decreased with the increasing working pressure. The $SnO_2$ thin film formed under optimum conditions was found to have a reversible capacity of 446.9$\mu$Ah/$\textrm{cm}^2$-$\mu\textrm{m}$ and good reversibility when the working pressure was fixed at 10mtorr. As the working pressure decreased, film density increased. It was thought that the capacity of $SnO_2$films increased due to the increase in the amount of active materials which can react with Li electrochemically. Furthermore, cycle characteristics of the anode material was also influenced by film stress.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.151-163
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• 2011

Objectives : Our aim is to evaluate feasibility for massive clinical research and to make basic analysis of efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome and idiopathic chronic fatigue. Methods : This study is a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. It was developed through literature searches and discussions among researchers. Results : Forty participants allocated to acupuncture group and wait-list group. Participants allocated to acupuncture group will be treated three times per week for a total of 12 sessions over four weeks. Eight points (GV20; bilatral GB20, BL11, BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20, BL23) have been selected for the acupuncture group. Participants in the wait-list group will not receive acupuncture treatment during study period and follow-up will be made in the 5th and 9th weeks after random allocation. Then the same acupuncture treatment as that performed to the acupuncture group will be made to the wait-list group. Fatigue Severity Scale, a short form of Stress Response Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Insomnia Severity Index will be used as outcome variables to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture. Safety will be assessed at every visit. Conclusions : The trial based on this study will be performed. The results of the trial will provide basis for the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome and idiopathic chronic fatigue.