• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.213-227
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• 2010

Compacted layers of sand-bentonite mixtures have been proposed and used in a variety of geotechnical projects as engineered barriers for the enhancement of impervious landfill liners, cores of zoned earth dams and radioactive waste repository systems. This paper presents a study on the valorization of local materiel such as dune sand from Laghouat region and mine bentonite intended for the realization of liner base layers in the conception of insulation barriers for hazardous waste centers. In the practice we try to get an economical mixture that satisfies the hydraulic and mechanical properties specified by regulation rules. The effect of the bentonite additions on the mixture is reflected by its capability of clogging the matrix pores upon swelling. In order to get an adequate dune sand-bentonite mixture, an investigation on hydraulic and mechanical behaviours is carried out in this study for different mixtures. Using oedometer test, the adequate bentonite addition to the mixture, which satisfies the conditions on permeability, is found to be around 12% to 15%. These results are also confirmed by direct measurement using triaxial cell.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.277-293
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• 2012

The interaction between steel tube and concrete core is the key design considerations for concrete-filled steel tube columns. In a concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column, the steel tube provides confinement to the concrete core which permits the composite action among the steel tube and the concrete. Due to construction faults and plastic shrinkage of concrete, the debonding separation at the steel-concrete interface weakens the confinement effect, and hence affects the behaviour and bearing capacity of the composite member. This study investigates the axial loading behavior of the concrete filled circular steel tube columns with debonding separation. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of CFST composite columns with introduced debonding gap was developed. The results from the finite element analysis captured successfully the experimental behaviours. The calibrated finite element models were then utilized to assess the influence of concrete strength, steel yield stress and the steel-concrete ratio on the debonding behaviour. The findings indicate a likely significant drop in the load carrying capacity with the increase of the size of the debonding gap. A design formula is proposed to reduce the load carrying capacity with the presence of debonding separation.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1994

기관실 상갑판 특히 거주구 외부의 상갑판 판부재는 외적인 수직하중이 거의 작용하지 않음에도 불구하고 건조중인 대형선박에서 갑판에 널리 대처짐 현상이 발생할 때가 있는 반면에 수직하중이 작용하는 거주구 내부의 기관실 상갑판은 처짐발생 크기 및 분포정도가 미미한, 규명하기 어려운 현상들이 나타나고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 3차원 구조해석으로부터 얻은 거주구 및 자중에 의한 정적하중의 영향, 손상보고에 따라 계측된 처짐량 자료 및 분포상황, 초기처짐의 크기 및 형상, 용접잔류응력, 면내하중 성분들을 대상으로 비선형 시리즈 해석을 수행하고, 이로부터 판부재에 발생하는 최대처짐 추정식을 제시하였다. 또한, 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 추정식을 이용하여 기존 손상선박의 처짐원인 분석, 거주구 탑재 및 진수 전후의 기관실 상갑판의 처짐거동 그리고 기존의 선각품질관리기준이 기관실 상갑판의 처짐에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았고, 마지막으로 건조예정에 있는 기관실의 처짐현상을 예측하여 보았다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2023

Effects of high-temperature environment and low-temperature environment on corrosion behaviours of 18Cr stainless steels (type 304L, type 441) in simulated selective catalytic reduction (SCR) environments were studied using weight loss test in each environment and rust analysis. With time to exposure to the high-temperature environment, type 441 was more resistant to corrosion than type 304L due to both higher diffusivity of Cr and lower thermal expansion coefficient in α-iron. The former provides a stable protective Cr₂O₃ layer. The latter leaded to low residual stress between scale and steel, reducing the spallation of the scale. With time to exposure to the low-temperature environment, on the other hand, type 304L was more resistant to corrosion than type 441. The lower resistance of type 441 was caused by Cr-depleted zone with less than 11% formed during the pre-exposure to a high-temperature environment, unlike type 304L. It was confirmed by results from the crevice corrosion test of sensitised 11Cr steel. Hence, to achieve higher corrosion resistance in simulated SCR environments, ferritic stainless steels having lower thermal expansion coefficient and higher diffusivity of Cr but containing more than 18% Cr are recommended.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.541-557
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• 2015

This research aims to analyze the fracture coalescence characteristics of brittle sandstone specimen ($80{\times}160{\times}30mm$ in size) containing various flaws (a single fissure, double squares and combined flaws). Using a rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system, the strength and deformation behaviours of sandstone specimen containing various flaws are experimentally investigated. The results show that the crack initiation stress, uniaxial compressive strength and peak axial strain of specimen containing a single fissure are all higher than those containing double squares, while which are higher than those containing combined flaws. For sandstone specimen containing combined flaws, the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone increase as fissure angle (${\alpha}$) increases from $30^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$, which indicates that the specimens with steeper fissure angles can support higher axial capacity for ${\alpha}$ greater than $30^{\circ}$. In the entire deformation process of flawed sandstone specimen, crack evolution process is discussed detailed using photographic monitoring technique. For the specimen containing a single fissure, tensile wing cracks are first initiated at the upper and under tips of fissure, and anti-tensile cracks and far-field cracks are also observed in the deformation process; moreover anti-tensile cracks usually accompanies with tensile wing cracks. For the specimen containing double squares, tensile cracks are usually initiated from the top and bottom edge of two squares along the direction of axial stress, and in the process of final unstable failure, more vertical splitting failures are observed in the ligament region. When a single fissure and double squares are formed together into combined flaws, the crack coalescence between the fissure tips and double squares plays a significant role for ultimate failure of the specimen containing combined flaws.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2014

We investigated the anxiolytic-like activity of ${\alpha}$-asarone (AAS) from Acorus gramineus in an experimental rat model of anxiety induced by repeated administration of the exogenous stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). The putative anxiolytic effect of AAS was studied in behavioral tests of anxiety, such as the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and the hole-board test (HBT) in rats. For 21 consecutive days, male rats received 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg AAS (i.p.) 30 min prior to a daily injection of CORT. Dysregulation of the HPA axis in response to the repeated CORT injections was confirmed by measuring serum levels of CORT and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Daily AAS (200 mg/kg) administration increased open-arm exploration significantly in the EPM test, and it increased the duration of head dipping activity in the HBT. It also blocked the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and decreased mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, TrkB, in the hippocampus. These results indicated that the administration of AAS prior to high-dose exogenous CORT significantly improved anxiety-like behaviors, which are associated with modification of the central noradrenergic system and with BDNF function in rats. The current finding may improve understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for changes in emotions induced by repeated administration of high doses of CORT or by elevated levels of hormones associated with chronic stress. Thus, AAS did exhibit an anxiolytic-like effects in animal models of anxiety.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2018

AA7010 is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy containing Zr, developed as an alternate to traditional AA7075 alloy owing to their high strength combined with better fracture toughness. It is necessary to improve the corrosion resistance and surface properties of the alloy by incorporating plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. AA7010-T7452 aluminum alloy has been processed through the forging route with multi-stage working operations, and was coated with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Al_2O_3$ ceramic aluminina coating using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. The corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and nano-mechanical behaviours were examined by means of potentiodynamic polarization, slow strain rate test (SSRT) and nano-indentation tests. The results indicated that the additional thermomechanical treatment during the forging process caused a fully recrystallized microstructure, which lead to the poor environmental cracking resistance of the alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, despite the overaging treatment. Although the fabricated PEO coating improved general corrosion resistance, the brittle nature of the coating did not provide any improvement in SCC resistance of the alloy. However, the hardness and elastic modulus of the coating were significantly higher than the base alloy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Objectives: By the end of the 2000s, the economic situation in many European countries started to deteriorate, generating financial uncertainty, social insecurity and worse health status. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the recent financial crisis has affected the lifestyle health determinants and behaviours of older adults living in the Mediterranean islands. Methods: From 2005 to 2015, a population-based, multi-stage convenience sampling method was used to voluntarily enrol 2749 older adults (50% men) from 20 Mediterranean islands and the rural area of the Mani peninsula. Lifestyle status was evaluated as the cumulative score of four components (range, 0 to 6), that is, smoking habits, diet quality (MedDietScore), depression status (Geriatric Depression Scale) and physical activity. Results: Older Mediterranean people enrolled in the study from 2009 onwards showed social isolation and increased smoking, were more prone to depressive symptoms, and adopted less healthy dietary habits, as compared to their counterparts participating earlier in the study (p<0.05), irrespective of age, gender, several clinical characteristics, or socioeconomic status of the participants (an almost 50% adjusted increase in the lifestyle score from before 2009 to after 2009, p<0.001). Conclusions: A shift towards less healthy behaviours was noticeable after the economic crisis had commenced. Public health interventions should focus on older adults, particularly of lower socioeconomic levels, in order to effectively reduce the burden of cardiometabolic disease at the population level.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

목적: 각종 기계 부품에 주로 사용되는 9% Ni 합금강의 고온 크리프 시험과 그 시편들의 파단면을 관찰하고 Larson-Miller 변수를 적용하여 상수 C값을 결정하여 합금강의 수명을 예측하는데 있다. 방법: 본 시험의 장치는 Andrade와 F. Garofalo 등이 고안한 레버-빔 형으로 제작되었고, 크리프시험 설정조건은 시험편에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 4가지의 온도조건과 4가지 응력조건을 설정하여 16가지의 조건 하에서 시험을 실시하였다. 결과: 크리프 시험온도가 증가함에 따라 크리프 변형에 따른 응력의 멱지수(n)는 3.97에서 3.55로 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 크리프 변형의 활성화에너지는 응력이 증가함에 따라 90.39에서 83.64 kcal/mol로 점진적으로 감소하였다. Larson-Miller 변수의 계산에 의한 상수 C값은 약 22로 계산되었으며, 사용온도가 제시되면 그 수명을 예측할 수 있다. 파단면의 SEM 측정결과 저온과 고온의 경우는 입내파단에 의한 취성파괴 현상이 나타났으며, 중간정도 온도영역에서는 입계파단에 의한 연성파괴현상이 나타났으며, 일부에서는 딤풀현상도 나타났다. 결론: 9% Ni 합금강에 대한 고온 크리프시험과 그 시편들의 파단면을 관찰한 결과를 제시하여 그 파괴현상을 분석함으로써 설비분야의 부품활용에 대한 기초설계 자료를 구축하여 장비의 수명예측에 유용하게 응용될 수 있다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2018

최근 보강토 공법은 구조적으로 안정성이 우수하고 경제성이 뛰어나 콘크리트 옹벽을 대체하는 공법으로 많이 사용되고 있으며, 옹벽뿐만 아니라 기초, 사면, 도로 등에 그 적용 범위가 다양하다. 그러나, 우수와 같은 침투수로 인해 전면 벽에서 충분한 안정성을 확보하지 못하여 붕괴, 배부름 현상 등의 피해가 발생할 수 있고, 특히 곡선부에서는 응력집중 현상에 의해 전면 벽의 균열 등의 문제가 추가적으로 일어날 수 있다. 이는 보강토 옹벽 곡선부에 대한 정확한 설계 기준이 미흡하고 부실시공을 하는데 원인이 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 보강토 옹벽의 피해사례를 통해 문제점을 파악하고 유한요소 수치해석을 통해 보강토 옹벽 설계를 위한 기초 연구로서, 옹벽의 형상(볼록형, 오목형)에 따른 직선부와 곡선부의 거동을 비교 분석하였다.