• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.363-397
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find out correlation and predictors of posttraumatic growth of North Korean refugees in South Korea in 7years. This survey was conducted on 105 North Korean refugees in 7 years with questions on socio-demographic characteristics, personal & social variables, psychological trauma in North Korea and stress experience in South Korea. The influence of these variables was analysed. Result indicated that hope for future, perceived satisfaction, and acculturative stress had influence on the total quality of life in the South. And total quality of life affected PTG, especially emotional factors of quality of life during the early 3years living in the South affected PTG.. Additionally not only emotional but also social factors of quality of life also affected PTG with North Korean refugees in the South in 7 years. Finally, social and mental health service programs for North Krean refugees was discussed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2012

Like any other natural resources, forest flora may experience the extreme threat of elevated temperature and saline water submergence at different stages of their lives i.e. from germination to maturity due to climate change effects. The overall aim of the study was to measure the effect of higher temperatures along with saline water irrigation on survival and initial growth during seedling stage of Artocarpus chapalasha. The experiment was conducted in temperature- humidity-photoperiod regulated plant growth chamber during stipulated period to measure the growth performance of randomly selected seedlings. Within three different elevated temperatures viz. $30^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, the seedlings were given three different saline conditions such as 0.5 g/L, 1.5 g/L and 2.5 g/L NaCl concentrations. Results found from the experiment was that, seedlings of Artocarpus chaplasha reared at different temperatures and saline water treatments showed stunted growth than reared at existing outdoor temperature ($26.31^{\circ}C$) irrigated with regular fresh water. Seedling growth at three different parameters such as height, collar diameter and number of leaves showed that with increasing temperature individuals respond negatively to increasing saline condition. The seedling's growth occurred at every day in height, collar diameter and leaf. However, growth rate reduced later during the observation. The combined effect of high salinity and higher elevated temperature results in seedling mortality. Therefore, Artocarpus chaplasha may not thrive at higher temperature and salinity intrusion at its early growing period in plantation and natural forest areas.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

Backgroud & Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop an innovative blended learning method on life style and health promotion and evaluate the educational effects for university students. Methods: The blended learning was developed to combine face-to-face lecture(off-line lecture) and on-line lecture that applied the subject of life style and health promotion. This course is a coordinated effort towards providing 5 topics of lifestyle such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, diet, and stress management. This has been verified by an expert in the field of nursing, education, e-learning technician and students. Participants were different part of university students (n=28) with major enrolled in a general culture course for 2 credits which composed of 8 sessions of each 2-hour in the first semester of 2010. The study was a one group posttest design. A self-report about health knowledge, attitude, and health behavior was organized by content analysis after the sessions. Results: Positive feedbacks from students were reflected in the outcome. Student regarded good lifestyle as being the most important. Student concerned those on-line lectures are not only available at most time and site, but also good for individualization, visual understanding and interest. Face-to-face lecture provided student a chance to integrate with knowledge and experience and had desire to improve good lifestyle and health promotion. Conclusions: The blended learning method on good lifestyle and health could make a best use of improvement for knowledge, attitude and behavior concerning. It is needed to identify the long term effects of a blended learning for further study.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify unmet healthcare needs among man and woman one-person households and to explore related factors by gender. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample consisted of 820 one-person households. The statistical analysis, conducted in SPSS version 20.1, included complex sampling analysis; descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results: The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women in one-person households were significantly different from those of men in one-person households. Women in single-person households were mainly in their 70s or older and married, and they tended to have a low education level, low income, and no formal occupation. Unmet healthcare needs were experienced by 17.3% of women in one-person households and 13.5% of men in one-person households, which was not a statistically significant difference (χ²=2.17, p=.139). Factors related to unmet healthcare needs were subjective health status and unmet dental care needs in single-person-household men. By contrast, having experienced impairment within the past year, stress, and unmet dental care needs were factors related to unmet healthcare needs in single-person-household women. Conclusion: As one-person households become increasingly common, more attention needs to be paid to them and our understanding of them needs to be improved. Women in one-person households, in particular, are especially vulnerable, as they experience more unmet healthcare needs.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2020

Purpose: Infertile women experience various physical, psychological, and relational problems that affect their infertility-related quality of life (QoL). This study investigated infertile women's infertility-related QoL with the goal of identifying how it is influenced by fatigue, depression, and marital intimacy. Methods: A sample of 140 infertile women was surveyed in a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from February to April 2018 using self-report structured questionnaires at three infertility clinics located in Jeonju, Korea. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis in SPSS for Windows version 25.0. The subjects agreed to complete a face-to-face interview, including administration of the Fatigue Severity Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Marital Intimacy Scale, and the Fertility Quality of Life tool. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.6±4.3 years. Infertility-related QoL was negatively correlated with fatigue (r=-.42, p<.001) and depression (r=-.56, p<.001), and positively correlated with marital intimacy (r=.30, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that depression (β=-0.44, p<.001), fatigue (β=-0.27, p<.001), and husband's attitude (β=-0.19, p=.007) had significant effects on the QoL of infertile women, accounting for 40.5% of the variance in infertility-related QoL. Conclusion: The study provides insights into how infertile women's infertility-related QoL was influenced by depression, fatigue, and their husbands' attitudes regarding infertility treatment. To improve infertile women's infertility-related QoL, healthcare providers should consider developing strategies to decrease depression and fatigue in infertile women and to address their husbands' attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1183-1192
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to investigate clinical nurses' understanding of delirium and their educational need of delirious patient care. Method: A survey questionnaire regarding nurses' general perception and understanding of delirium, experience with delirious patients and educational need was developed and conducted with 179 clinical nurses in a university hospital in Seoul. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Nurses thought that delirium was one of the most important nursing problems and they considered it to be more treatable than to be preventable. However, the majority of nurses were ilot confident in caring for delirious patients. Nurses reported that delirium happened most often after surgery, and that possible contributing factors could be changes in physical environment and anxiety/stress, as well as medication and long-term isolation. Thirteen nursing interventions were identified but half of the nurses utilized only one or two of the thirteen. The most frequently used intervention was reorienting the patient followed by medication and emotional support, presenting family, and close observation. 99.5% of nurses addressed the importance of professional education on delirium care, especially in the area of intervention and management. Conclusion: The results support the strong need for development of a multi-component educational program on delirium care.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-138
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• 1995

In order to find smoking status and its related factors for female students, a survey was conducted for 1,045 female students of a women's university in Seoul from 22nd of May to 18th of June, 1995. The results were as follows: 1. Of the 1,045 respondents, 7.4% of them were current smokers and 20.6% of them were ex-smokers. The rate of smoking by the major field of study was 18.5% in art and physical education, 10.6% in liberal art and social science, 1.9% in natural science, and 1.2% in medical science. The rate of smoking by the grade was 4.1% in the freshman, 5.9% in the sophomore, 10.9% in the junior, and 10.0% in the senior grade. 2. 7.2% of respondents experienced first smoking at junior high school, 16.8% at senior high school, 4.1% after high school, and 69.2% at college. 3. The major motivation to start smoking was 'curiosity'(57.9%), 'releasing stress'(21.6%), and 'temptation from friend or senior'(12.0%). 4. The first smoking place was 'entertainment place'(49.6%), 'own room'(20.5%), and 'school '(11.3%). And the first smoking companion was 'friend'(62.3%), 'alone'(19.9%), and 'senior or junior'(5.1%). 5. The average quantity of a daily smoking was 6.16±5.29 cigarettes in current smokers and 31.2% of them had experience to quit smoking at least one or more time. 6. Most of the reasons to quit smoking in ex-smoker were due to 'bad taste '(60.5%), 'health concern'(27.4%) and 'religion'(2.3%). 7. Current smoker and ex-smoker had more positive attitude for the female smoking than nonsmoker. And 76.7% of nonsmokers answered that they would not smoke in the future. 8. Most correspondents(89.8% of nonsmoker, 83.7% of ex-smoker, 80.5% of current smoker) strongly supported the antismoking movement. 9. The major information source in smoking were from 'radio, TV'(51.0%), 'newspaper, magazine'(38.8%) and 'school'(7.7%). 10. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors for smoking status were satisfaction of home life, coffee intake, alcohol drinking, sister's smoking, girl friend's smoking, and knowledge about smoking.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.646-656
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• 2015

This study investigates the conditions of Korean naval duty and combat uniforms to develop a new design. Survey participants consisted of, 723 Sailors ($25.3{\pm}6.9yr$ in age, $43{\pm}53$ months in work experience, $174{\pm}6cm$ in height, $71{\pm}9kg$ in body mass) serving in the Korean Navy for over 12 months. The questionnaire consisted of 72 questions about anthropometric characteristics, preferred design, textiles, wear mobility, and subjective perceptions. The results showed that the preferred colors for future naval duty uniforms were blue in summer (69%) and black in winter (62%). Digital camouflage pattern (60%) and darker colors on the inside of shirt collar (87%) and the edge of sleeves (84%) were preferred. They favored more than one pocket on the upper arm and chest of the shirts (58%), narrower width around pant legs and hems than the current clothing (63%), self-controlled elastic waist (55%) and no cargo type pocket on the pants (45%). There were requirements to alleviate excessive heat stress in summer and to protect from the cold and wind in winter. Wrinkle-free (85%), anti-bacterial (78%), water-proof (75%), oil-proof (90%), and elastic (67%) textiles were preferred for Korean navy uniforms. These results will be applied to develop the next generation Korean navy uniforms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.116-121
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• 2020

In recent times, fuel economy enhancement and environmental regulation compliance have become the main topics of interest in the automobile industry. Electric vehicles are desirable alternatives to the existing cars that employ internal combustion engines. Specifically, electric vehicles are equipped with inverters, motors, and a gearbox instead of engines and transmission mechanisms. The gearbox is a key component, used to transmit power from the electric motor to the wheel. Therefore, the design of the gearbox is critical. However, most engineers design gears based only on their experience because no standards pertaining to the design factor exist, other than those for the gear ratios. To overcome this problem, the structural stabilities must be examined considering the design factors of the gears. In this study, we considered the module and number of teeth as the main factors. The constraints corresponded to the final gear ratio and fixed distance between each axle of the shafts. Moreover, a structural analysis was conducted, and the variation trend of the maximum equivalent stress against changes in the gear module and number of teeth was examined. By performing such an analysis, the structural stability in the design of a gear system could be effectively investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2001

EFP(Fitness For Purpose) type defect assessment methodologies based on ECA(Engineering Critical Analysis) have been established and are in use for the structural integrity evaluation of gas pipelines. ECA usually includes the fracture mechanics analysis, and it is assumed that the J-integral uniquely characterizes the crack-tip stress-strain field. However, it has been proven that the J-integral alone can not be sufficient to characterize the crack-tip field under low levels of constraint with a single parameter. Since pipeline structures are made of ductile material, locally loaded in tension, cracks may experience low level of constraint, and therefore, J-dominance will be lost. For this reason, the level of constraint must be quantified to establish a precise assessment procedure for pipeline defects. The objective of this paper is to investigate the fracture behavior of a crack in gas pipeline(KS D 3507) by quantifying the level of constraint. For this purpose, tensile tests and CTOD tests were performed at room temperature(24$\^{C}$) and low temperature(-40$\^{C}$) to obtain the material properties. J-Q analyses were performed for SENB and SENT specimens based on 2-D finite element analyses, in order to investigate the in-plane constraint effects on pipeline defects. For precise assessment of cracks, especially shallow cracks, in KS D 3507 pipeline, constraint effect must be considered.