• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.289-292
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• 2007

Stress concentration have a effect on commission of structures and sometimes it cause the fracture of structures. Stress concentration is appeared where have a sudden section change like pipe connections. So stress concentration is a potent influence at pipe connentions. This paper make a study of pipe connections to alleviate stress concentration, and propose the stress concentration alleviation method that will make better efficient pipe system and will have a good effect on economic, social aspect.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2013

In this study, atomistic simulations are performed to study the effect of Al solute on the behaviour of edge dislocation in Mg alloys. After the dissociation of an Mg basal edge dislocation into two Shockley partials using molecular mechanics, the interaction between the dislocation and Al solute at different temperatures is studied using molecular dynamics. It appears from the simulations that the critical shear stress increases with the Al solute concentration. Comparing with the solute effect at T = 0 K, however, the critical shear stress at a finite temperature is lower since the kinetic energy of the atoms can help the dislocation conquer the energy barriers created by the Al atoms. The velocity of the edge dislocation decreases as the Al concentration increases when the external shear stress is relatively small regardless of temperature. The Al concentration effect on the dislocation velocity is not significant at very high shear stress level when the solute concentration is below 4.0 at%. Drag coefficient B increases with the Al concentration when the stress to temperature ratio is below 0.3 MPa/K, although the effect is more significant at low temperatures.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2011

Tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) is resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses through a symbiotic relationship with Neotyphodium coenophialum. However, this endophyte has been considered detrimental since it produces toxic alkaloids to animals. It is vital to understand mutuality between these two to maximize positive impact of the endophyte on agri-ecosystem. Little research has been conducted on endophyte transmission mechanism in planta. To provide basic information related to endophyte transmission, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of endophyte genotype and water stress on endophyte transmission by imposing soil moisture deficits at different stages of panicle development. There was water stress effect on endophyte frequency but not on concentration, whereas endophyte genotype significantly influenced endophyte concentration in pseudostem of tall fescue at boot stage. Reproductive tillers showed greater endophyte frequency and concentration. Endophyte frequency in florets or seeds depended on position within panicle. There was no drought effect on endophyte concentration, but showed the effect of endophyte genotype on endophyte concentration in florets and seeds. Overall endophyte concentration in seeds was higher. From this study, we may conclude that although water stress reduced endophyte frequency in vegetative tiller, water stress does not have effect on endophyte transmission, suggesting that drought is not an important factor controlling the endophyte transmission from plant to seed. Endophyte genotype and seed position in a panicle affected endophyte transmission, indicating that these two factors are involved in endophyte transmission and may determine seed transmission of endophyte in tall fescue.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.207-220
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• 2008

The shear lag has been studied for many years. Nevertheless, existing research gives a variety of stress concentration factors. Unlike the elementary beam theory, the application of load is not unique in reality. For example, concentrated load can be applied as point load or distributed load along the height of the web. This non-uniqueness may be a reason for the discrepancy of the stress concentration factors in the existing studies. The finite element method has been often employed for studying the effect of the shear lag. However, not many researches have taken into account the influence of the finite element mesh on the shear lag phenomenon, although stress concentration can be quite sensitive to the mesh employed in the finite element analysis. This may be another source for the discrepancy of the stress concentration factors. It also needs to be noted that much less studies seem to have been conducted for the shear lag effect on deflection while some design codes have formulas. The present study investigates the shear lag effect in a simply supported box girder by the three-dimensional finite element method using shell elements. The whole girder is modeled by shell elements, and extensive parametric study with respect to the geometry of a box girder is carried out. Not only stress concentration but also deflection is computed. The effect of the way load is applied and the dependency of finite element mesh on the shear lag are carefully treated. Based on the numerical results thus obtained, empirical formulas are proposed to compute stress concentration and deflection that includes the shear lag effect.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.717-724
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• 2003

Although sand compaction pile is applied considerably for increase of hearing capacity in domestic, it is getting more necessary to develope the alternative materials because of exhaustion and increase of unit cost of sand. In this study, stress concentration ratio between crushed-stone pile and soft ground was measured and, a displacement ratio 30, 40 and 50%, variation of stress concentration ratio was analyzed. As an increase displacement ratio, the stress concentration effect of crushed-stone compaction pile doesn't increase proportionally and effect of ground improvement in case of ground was good at displacement ratio 30% or 40%. The stress concentration ratio of crushed-stone compaction pile in group piles is 1.5 times that of crushed-stone compaction pile in single pile.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1991

The word of stress was wsed in the field of physics as a external force from 17th century, but the meaning of this stress had chafed to the internal and exteral demand fort the human body in medical area. All the stumulants which make stress was called as j stressor. When animals get stress blucose excreted from liver to adapt for the emergent state ant some related hormone secrete convert protein and lipid to glucose for the purpose of energy supply to muscle. As a results heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate are increased and musclse are strengthed. These physiolgical reactions ate controlled by autonomic nerve system under the control of hyothalamus in brain. Autonomic nerve system and endocrinary system are react harmoiously to stress reaction. According to the stress reaction, adrenomedullary system are stimulated, and epinephrine, morepinephrine are exceted. Author experimented the effect of the immobilizational stress to rat by analyzing the variaition of catecholamine secrction, the Na concentration and the effect of the antistresf effect by Panax Ginseng which is a traditional Korean herb medicine. The concentration of the norepinephrine, epinephrin, and dopamin in normal rat are 1 578 ng/ml, 0.365 ng/ml, and 0.731 ng/ml respectively, but in the immobilyzed stress groIn the concentration were increased to 1.915 ng.ml, 0.854 ng/ml, and 2,361 ng/ml which she the high show the higher concentration of catecholamine to stressor.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2011

Perforated plates with cutouts (or holes) are widely used in structural members. These cutouts provide stress concentration in plates. Extensive studies have been carried out on stress concentration in perforated plates, which consider cutout shapes, boundary conditions, bluntness of cutouts, and more. This study presents stress concentration analyses of perforated plates with not only various cutouts and bluntness but also different cutout orientations. Especially, the effect of cutout orientation on stress concentration is emphasized since structural members have become more complicated recently. To obtain stress concentration patterns, a finite element program, ANSYS, is used. For the designated goal, three parameters are considered as follows: the shapes of polygonal cutouts (circle, triangle, and square), bluntness (a counter measure of radius ratio, r/R), and rotation of cutouts (${\theta}$). From the analyses, it is shown that, in general, as bluntness increases, the stress concentration increases, regardless of the shape and rotation. A more important finding is that the stress concentration increases as the cutouts become more oriented from the baseline, which is the positive horizontal axis (+x). This fact demonstrates that the orientation is also a relatively significant design factor to reduce stress concentration. In detail, in the case of the triangle cutout, orienting one side of the triangle cutout to be perpendicular to the applied tensile forces is preferable. Similarly, in the case of the square cutout, it is more advantageous to orient two sides of square cutout to be perpendicular to the applied tensile force. Therefore, at the design stage, determining the direction of a major tensile force is required. Then, by aligning those polygon cutouts properly, we can reduce stress concentration.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.5-10
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• 1969

A stepped bar with seimi-circular stress relieving groove near the fillet was subjected by axial tension in a polarized light field. On the stress concentration factor, the effect of the ratios of the fillet radius, the distance between two relieving grooves and the groove radius to the breath of the narrower portion of the stepped bar have been investigate. Observing the stress concentration in 48 models with various proportions, the conclusion arrived at were as follow: 1) If the fillet radius of the stepped bar is larger than half breadth of the narrower portion, the reduction of the stress concentrations can not be expected. 2) If the fillet radius is smaller than half breadth of the narrower portion of the stepped bar, the stress concentration can be droped to the reasonable range. 3) When the groove radius is larger than a quarter of the difference between the distance of two relieving grooves and the breadth of the stepped bar and smaller than a half of that, the stress concentration factors can have their possible minimum value. 4) When the sun of the breadth of the narrower portion of the stepped bar and twice of the relieving groove radius is smaller than the distance between two relieving grooves, minimum stress concentration can be obtained.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

In this study, Finite Element Analysis have been adopted to analyze reducing stress effect and used to induce the sensitivity of design parameter on various techniques which was used for reducing stress. And so it can be utilized as a data to design on similar model. The effect of reducing stress with respect to change of relief groove radius can be increased by 27.3~18.2 % more than radius of fillet. And if a shoulder fillet radius is larger, additional reducing stress by relief groove radius is not obtained. And there was only little effect on reducing stress by changing the center point of groove radius along horizontal direction. In the case that undercut radius is 1.5mm, Max. Equivalent stress is reduced by 5.71% under bending force and 11.11% under torsion. The best effect of reducing stress at undercut model was yielded when the undercut radius is a forth of difference of stepped shaft radius.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

A fatigue damage caused by cyclic load is considered as one of the important failure mechanisms that threaten the integrity of structures and components in a nuclear power plant. In ASME code section III NB, the fatigue analysis procedure and standard S-N curves for the class 1 components are described and these criteria should be met at the design step of components. As the current ASME S-N curves are based on the very conservative assumptions such as a local stress concentration effect, immoderate transient frequencies and a constant Young's modulus, however, they can not precisely address the fatigue behavior of components. In order to find out the technical solution for these problems, a number of researches and discussion have been carried out continuously at home and abroad over the decades. In this study, detailed fatigue analyses for DVI nozzle with various mesh density of finite elements were performed to evaluate effect of stress concentration factors on the fatigue analysis procedure and the excessive conservatism of stress concentration factors are confirmed through the analysis results.