• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2009

The present study was conducted to compare the carcass yields and meat characteristics of three types of commercial male chicks White mini broilers, Ross broilers and Hy-Line brown chicks under the identical feeding condition. One-hundred 1-d chicks of each type were randomly placed into four pens per group (25 chicks per pen) and fed corn-soybean meal based commercial diets for 35d, 18d or 49d, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the birds were sacrificed and subjected to carcass measurements. The dressing percentages of White mini broilers and Ross broilers were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of Hy-Line brown cockerels. The rate of breast meat of Hy-Line brown cockerels was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of White mini broilers and Ross broilers. However, Hy-Line brown cockerels showed higher (P<0.05) leg meats than the others. There were no significant differences in serum total cholesterol and the activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase among the groups. The breast meats of White mini broilers presented highest lightness value. The yellowness of breast and redness of leg meats of White mini broilers and Ross broilers were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of Hy-Line brown cockerels. There were no significant differences in the SOD-like activity and change of pH in edible meats among the groups. The meat color in White mini broilers was significantly higher than that of Hy-Line brown cockerels. No significant differences were observed in term of flavor, tenderness and overall acceptability. In conclusion, the physico-chemical properties and sensory characteristics of edible meats were not greatly affected by genotype if they were similar body weights and kept under the identical feeding condition. But the Hy-Line brown cockerels were less desirable as a meat-type strain due to lower carcass yields and inferior growth and feed conversion ratio.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance and the carcass ratio of meat-type Korean Native Ducks. Four hundred twenty Korean Native Ducks' chicks were selected and divided into four treatments (7 replications/ treatment, 15 birds/replication) by strains (A and B) and gender(male and female) with $2{\times}2$ fractal factors. There was no significant difference between A and B on the body weight at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks old (P>0.05). However, body weight of female was higher at 2 weeks old than male while that of male was higher at the 8 weeks old (P<0.01). Daily feed intake of male was higher compared to female during 6~8 weeks (P<0.05). On weekly body weight gain, there was no significant difference between strains, but gained body weight of male was higher until 2 weeks old while that of female was higher during 6~8 weeks (P<0.01). On the live body weight and carcass weight by strains and genders, B strain was higher than A strains at the 8 weeks of age (P<0.01). Carcass yield was the highest at 8 weeks of age in both strains (P<0.05). These results may provided the basic data on growth performance and carcass ratio of meat-type Korean Native Ducks.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 1994

A dietary self-selection study was carried out to get information for the improvement of feeding systems of egg-type growing pullets. Corn diet, soybean meal diet, wheat bran diet and soybean meal+fish meal diet were individually prepared for self-selection regime and 380 day-old chicks of a brown egg strain were offered either a control grower diet(C) or one of the 3 self-selection regime consisted of corn-soybean meal diet ($T_1$), corn-soybean meal-wheat bran diet($T_2$) and corn-soybean meal+fishmeal-wheat bran diet($T_3$) during 20 weeks of the growing period. Compared with pullets fed control diet(C), those fed the self-selection diets($T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$) were smaller in body weight at 20 weeks of age by 12% and consumed less energy and protein by 11% and 9%, respectively. Calculated metabolizable energy levels of feed consumed during the growing period were about 3,200 kcal/kg in $T_1$ and 2,300 kcal/kg in $T_2$ and $T_3$ and dietary protein levels were about 12~13% in all self-selection diets ($T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$) regardless of pullet age. The results of the study suggest that the conventional feeding system of egg-type growing pullets should be improved in order to control the body weight effectively and to reduce the cost of grower feed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 2010

To develop edible vaccines for swine, the embryogenic calli (type II) derived from HiII genotype were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain C58C1 containing the binary vector pMYV611, 613, 616, and V621, 622 and 623 respectively. Six of those vectors carry nptII gene which confers resistance to paromomycin and apxIIA gene producing ApxII toxin which is generated in various serum types of A. pleuropneumoniae as a target gene. The 4,120 callus clones for pMYV611, 5,959 callus clones for pMYV613, 7,581 callus clones for pMYV616, 52,329 callus clones for V621, 48,948 callus clones for V622, and 56,188 callus clones for V623 were inoculated. The frequency of positive response clone was confirmed into range of 2.3% - 4.4% for each vectors by NPTII ELISA kit assay, and the selected callus clones of them were finally 3 callus clones from pMYV611 (0.07%), 4 callus clones from pMYV613 (0.07%), 2 callus clones from pMYV616 (0.03%), 51 callus clones from V621 (0.1%), 72 callus clones from V622 (0.15%), and 102 callus clones from V623 (0.18%) respectively. From the selected callus clones of each binary vector, the integration of the apxIIA gene into maize genome was detected from 2 plants of pMYV613 and 2 plants of V623 by Southern blot analysis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2013

Objectives Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reason for people in Korea to visit Korean medical institutions. To assess actual amounts of use in the treatment of LBP in Korean medicine and to provide objective base line data for policy decision making, research regarding the current state of LBP patients' treatment in Korean medical institutions are in need. Methods The current study was designed as a retrospective chart review to investigate descriptive characteristics of LBP patients. The clinical records of 304 patients who were hospitalized for the treatment of LBP in Korean rehabilitation medicine inpatient clinics of five different Korean medicine hospitals were analyzed. The percentage of patient characteristics such as sex, age, average duration of admission, insurance type, diagnosed LBP related disease code, and rates of interventions applied were assessed. Results 1. The female sex was significantly predominant among patients with LBP : 105 patients (34.5%) were male and 199 patients (65.5%) were female. Percentage of the patients' age appeared as followed : 76 people (25.0%) were in their 50s, 64 people (21.1%) were in their 40s, 51 people (16.8%) were in their 30s, 37 people (12.2%) were in their 60s, and 33 people (10.9%) were in their 70s. Approximately half of the total LBP patients investigated were older than 50. 2. The average duration of admission was 16.2 days. Approximately one third (30.3%) of the patients were hospitalized for 8 to 14 days. 3. Female patients tended to stay admitted in hospitals slightly longer than male patients. Elderly (age 60~79) patients stayed in hospitals longer (17.8 days) compared to younger (age 20~39) patients (13.5 days). 4. More than half of the patients (171 cases, 56.3%) had their hospital bills covered with automobile insurance. 40.1% (122 cases) of the patients had medical insurance to cover their hospital bills. The average duration of admission of patients who had automobile insurance was 14.2 days, while that of the patients who had medical insurance was 18.4 days. 5. "Sprain and strain of the lumbar spine and pelvis" was the most commonly used (195 cases, 64.1%) disease code in patients with LBP. Patients diagnosed as "lumbar and other intervertebral disc disorders with radiculopathy" required the longest admission duration (22.1 days). 6. Herbal medication was applied to all of the patients during admission. Acupuncture was applied to all of the patients except one case diagnosed as spinal stenosis. Physical therapy, cupping therapy, moxibustion therapy, chuna therapy, and pharmacopuncture therapy were applied to 94.7, 92.8, 85.2, 83.9, and 49.7% of the patients, respectively. 7. There were certain differences among Korean medicine hospitals in terms of the LBP patients' duration of admission, type of insurance, frequency of the disease code use, type of intervention applied. Conclusions It is thought that the current study can be used as reference data in assessing the current state of LBP treatment in Korean rehabilitation medicine and a basis for future research. Provided improvements of certain limitations of the current study in future researches, such data would act as better base line data in policy decision making.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.6
• /
• pp.748-756
• /
• 2009

The key for cultivating Lentinula edodes in sawdust bags with an appropriate strain and medium is to encourage the mushroom growth, while discouraging contaminating fungi by controlling environment, especially temperature and relative humidity (RH). To investigate the daily and seasonal fluctuation of temperature and RH in two L. edodes cultivation sheds types, HOBO data loggers was set and the collected data were analyzed. In a Taiwan type L. edodes cultivation shed, temperature and humidity changes were divided into five characteristic periods: mycelium growing winter, mushroom fruiting spring, mushroom fruiting early summer, mushroom nonfruiting summer and mushroom fruiting autumn. First, the mycelium growing winter was December to early March with daily mean temperature of $-1{\sim}8^{\circ}C$. Second, mushroom fruiting spring was mid March to late May with daily mean temperature of $8{\sim}21^{\circ}C$ and day-night temperature difference of $15^{\circ}C$. Third, the Mushroom fruiting early summer was early June to early July with 17 to $25^{\circ}C$. Fourth, nonfruiting summer was mid July to mid August with daily mean temperature of $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Lastly, mushroom fruiting autumn was late August to October with daily mean temperature of $10{\sim}23^{\circ}C$ and with cyclic temperature change by $7^{\circ}C$ decrease and 5 increase every 5 to 7 days. In a Chinese type shed, temperature ranged $-1.9{\sim}5.0^{\circ}C$ during winter and $15{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ during June to October. Temperature and relative humidity changed $12{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and 40~100%, respectively, depending on 0~150 cm shelf heights of by positions in the shed. In conclusion, to grow L. edodes but to discourage contaminating fungi, that is, not to be too high in temperature and RH, the growers changed temperature and RH by adjusting shading, aeration and insulation in the shed.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2000

Specific carotenoids and astaxanthin biosynthesis power of Phaffia rhodozyma mutant 876, which was obtained after NTG a and UV treatments, was higher than those of the wild type by 40% and 50%, respectively. The mutant strain did not show t the catabolite repression even at 22% (w/v) glucose concentration. The optimum C{N ratio was 2.0, and the optimum t temperature and initial pH were $22^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. 80th cell growth and astaxanthin formation decreased drastically a as the fermentation temperature was increased over $22^{\circ}C$, whereas they were comparable in the pH range between 5.0 and 7 7.0. Inoculum size did not affect the final cell density nor the carotenoids biosynthesis, and 3%(v/v) was selected as optimal. H Higher dissolved oxygen concentration facilitated astaxanthin biosynthesis, and aeration rate of 1.0 v/0/m and agitation speed of 400 rpm were selected as optimum. The final cell dens때 of 43.3 g/L and the volumetric astaxanthin and carotenoids concentrations of 110.6 mg/L and 149.4 mg/L, respectively, were obtained. The specific carotenoids concentration was 3.45 m mg{g-yeast(dry). Yx/s and Yp/s values of 0.37 and 1.08 were obtained. The result of this study will provide basic information u useful for mass production of astaxanthin from P. rhodozyma fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2010

Four genes (yqfR, yfmL, ydbR, deaD) were identified as putative DEAD-box RNA helicase genes in the genomic sequence of Bacillus subtilis by homology search. To understand the function of these genes, each of the genes was deleted and the constructed strains were tested for their growth charateristics at different temperatures. The growth rate of ydbR deletion mutant ($T_d$=53 min) was a little bit reduced at $37^{\circ}C$ as compared to that of wild type strain (CU1065). But the growth rate of other three (yqfR, yfmL, deaD) deletion mutants ($T_d$=30-40 min) is nearly equal to the growth rate of wild type ($T_d$=32 min). On the other hands, the growth rate of deletion mutants were reduced at $22^{\circ}C$ in order of yqfR ($T_d$=151 min), yfmL ($T_d$=214 min), ydbR ($T_d$=343 min), which showed cold-sensitive phenotype. The deletion mutant of deaD ($T_d$=109 min) grew equally as compared to the growth rate ($T_d$=102 min) of the wild type at $22^{\circ}C$ and did not show cold-sensitive growth. Double, triple and quadruple deletion mutants of these genes were constructed, and growth rate of these mutants were measured at various temperature conditions ($22^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$, $42^{\circ}C$) using LB broth. Multiple deletion mutations showed more severe cold-sensitive growth than single deletion mutations, and double deletion of ydbR and yfmL ($T_d$=984 min) showed most cold-sensitive growth than any other double mutants. Such a cold-sensitive growth of these mutations is quite similar to the result of csdA or srmB deletion in E. coli and suggested that physiological role of ydbR and yfmL is related with ribosome assembly.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 1998

D-Tagatose production from D-galactose was investigated using 35 type strains of American Culture Type Collection (ATCC) and Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) which have potential to produce D-tagatose. Enterobacter agglomerans ATCC 27987 was selected as a D-tagatose producing strain due to its short fermentation time and high production of D-tagatose. Optimization of the culture conditions for D-tagatose production by E. agglomerans ATCC 27987 was performed. Among various carbon sources, D-galactose was the most effective carbon source for D-tagatose production. As the D-galactose concentration was increased, cell growth and D-tagatose production increased. Effect of nitrogen sources on D-tagatose production was studied. Of inorganic nitrogen sources, ammonium sulfate was effective one for D-tagatose production and yeast extract was the most suitable organic nitrogen nutrient. The concentrations of inorganic compounds such as KH$_2$PO$_4$, K$_2$HPO$_4$, and MgSO$_4$$.$7H$_2$O were also optimized for D-tagatose production. The optimal medium was determined to contain D-galactose of 20 g/l, yeast extract of 5.0 g/l, (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$ of 2.0 g/l, KH$_2$PO$_4$ of 5.0 g/l, K$_2$HPO of 5.0 g/l, and MgSO$_4$$.$7H$_2$O of 5 mg/l. The optimal environmental conditions in a 250-$m\ell$ flask were found to be pH of 6.0, temperature of 30$^{\circ}C$, and agitation speed of 150 rpm. D-tagatose of 0.41 g/l could be obtained in 24 h from 20 g/l D-galactose at the optimal culture condition without induction and cell concentration.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2013

With increasing environmental issues from synthetic chemical herbicides, microbe-originated herbicides could be a fascinating alternative in current agriculture. We isolated Streptomyces strains that produced herbicidal active metabolite(s) against a grass weed Digitaria sanguinalis. According to the result from 16S rDNA sequence comparison with the close strains, the best isolate (Code name MS-80673) was identified as Streptomyces scopuliridis KR-001. The closest type strain was Streptomyces scopuliridis RB72 which was previously reported as a bacteriocin producer. The optimal culture condition of S. scopuliridis KR-001 was $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and culture period 4 to7 days. Both of soil and foliar application of the crude culture broth concentrate was effective on several troublesome or noxious weed species such as a Sciyos angulatus in a greenhouse and field condition. Phytotoxic symptoms of the culture broth concentrate of S. scopuliridis KR-001 by foliar application were wilting and burndown of leaves, and stems followed by discoloration and finally plant death. In crops such as rice, wheat, barley, hot pepper and tomato, growth inhibition was observed. These results suggest that the new S. scopuliridis KR-001 strain producing herbicidal metabolites may be a new bio-herbicide candidate and/or may provide a new lead molecule for a more efficient herbicide.