• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-51
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the productive efficiency of world container ports by using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method and raw data from previous research in measuring the international competitiveness of world container ports. Ports have to cope with rapid changes in shipping environments. In order for a port to compete in the global market, it must provide port services promptly and accurately. Basically, there are two approaches to measuring the international competitiveness of a container port. First, there is the traditional productivity analysis method, which analyzes productivity based on the container port's facilities (efficiency, selectivity, land availability), and by its general capacity (handling ability, storage capacity, terminal productivity). Second there is multi-attribute utility analysis, which considers several elements including the reasons for selecting particular container ports and factors determining international competitiveness. This paper follows the first method (traditional productivity analysis) and extends the limitation of previous studies by using the DEA method newly, and suggesting: the relative productive efficiency of container ports. The main results of this paper are as follows: First, the results of the DEA analysis in terms of world container ports matches that of a previous study (Jun et al., 1993) at a level of 35%. The low ratio is due to the constrained set of input-output elements, the result of only twenty container ports being analyzed in this paper. Second, the result of the DEA analysis in terms of North-East Asia's container ports matches with that of a previous study (Ha, 1996) at a level of 100 percent. Therefore we can conclude that the DEA analysis is the best measurement method for international competitiveness. Policy implications for this study are as follows: First, when port authorities want to measure the international competition power of container ports and enhance their productive efficiency, they should consider the traditional method and newly introduce the DEA method. Second, according to the analysis results of the DEA method, pen authorities should recommend benchmarking ports as reference ports in order to enhance the productive efficiency of container ports that show an efficiency score of below 1.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

To extend the freshness of late autumn Chinese cabbage, the packaging and loading effects on the quality were investigated during cold storage. Judging from overall quality during storage period, late autumn Chinese cabbage could be stored by 3 months at 0$\^{C}$ cold storage. However, late autumn Chinese cabbage was not acceptable for long-term storage because of its marketability and the storage cost. Among 3 packaging methods(PP-net, carton and plastic container) for stored Chinese cabbage, plastic container and carton were more effective than PP-net packaging for the freshness prolongation. Gas composition in the plastic bags during storage was not significantly different among packaging conditions and O$_2$ and CO$_2$ concentrations were 13∼18% and 0.75∼7.48%, respectively, MAP with plastic film was effective for the quality retention because of low oxygen composition and high humidity condition in the bags.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2009

The document archives like official documents, books, maps and historic paper artifacts are primarily based on the organic cellulosic materials. As the passage of time, these organic cellulosic materials are slowly deteriorated by various aging factors, like light, polluted air and biological fungi. Many researchers have been carried out the examination method of deteriorating origins, the mechanism of aging hysteresis, and the preserving method of archival materials. One of the most simple and easiest ways for conservation of organic archival documents is the proper storage under environmental control. Corrugated board for archival quality container has been developed and already used in advanced country, like Japan, USA, German, UK and Europe. In case of Korea, corrugated board for archival quality container has been used a decade ago, but totally imported. This study was tried to develop the corrugated board for archival quality container. Liner and corrugated medium were specially produced and finally manufactured to E flute corrugated board. The physical and strength properties of permanent base paper and corrugated board were evaluated, and compared with imported corrugated board. 4 kinds of corrugating adhesives were considered various in order to investigate optimum adhesive for flute development between liner and corrugating medium, and evaluate adhesion strength under conditions of storage and curing temperatures.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 2003

This paper addresses a fleet operation planning problem for a static freight container transportation system in which all the transportation requirements are predetermined at the beginning of a planning horizon. In the transportation system under consideration, a number of loaded containers are to be moved between container storage yards. An optimal fleet planning model is used to determine the minimum number of vehicles required. Based on the results from the optimal model, a tabu-search based algorithm is presented to perform a given transportation requirements with the least number of vehicles. The performance of the new procedure is evaluated through some experiments in comparison with two existing methods, and the it is found that our procedure produces good-quality solutions.

• IE interfaces
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2007

The design of the container stacking yard influences significantly the productivity of handling operations in port container terminals. This study proposes methods for determining specifications of the yard considering the travel distance of vehicles and the storage capacity of yards. For a given length and width of a yard, it is discussed how to determine the layout and the dimension of yard blocks. The alternatives of the yard layout are evaluated by using a simulation study.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2012

A yard in a container terminal is a temporary storage space before containers are loaded onto the target vessel or delivered to consignees. For improving the utilization of the space in the yard and the efficiency of loading and discharging operations, it is important that operation plans must be carefully constructed in advance. A heuristic method is suggested to solve operation space planning problems considering workloads on handling equipment as well as space availabilities. The operation plans in this paper includes quay crane (QC) schedules and space plans for multiple vessels considering the workload in the container yard of container terminals. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a space planning method and the performance of a new QC scheduling method using a simulation model.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

A kimchi container actively controlling $CO_2$ concentration by timely flushing of $CO_2$ gas was structured and tested in its capability and effectiveness because high $CO_2$ concentration enhances the sensory flavor of the product. The inlet and outlet valves of $CO_2$ gas were programmed to open and close allowing synchronous vent/$CO_2$ flush according to the requirements of its dissolution in the contained kimchi. During the chilled storage, the headspace of container could be maintained at desired high $CO_2$ concentration providing the preferred kimchi in sensory quality compared to control of the conventional container. However, there was no significant difference between the high $CO_2$ container and control (container simply closed with air) in kimchi quality attributes of pH, titratable acidity, total viable bacterial count, Lactobacillus sp. count and Leuconostoc sp. count. The flow rate and time interval of $CO_2$ flushing need to be adjusted considering the kimchi amount, headspace volume and ripening time. The designed system has potential to be applied in refrigerator appliances in homes and food service industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.241-253
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• 1998

By the rapid expansion of containerization and intermodel transportation in international shipping since the 1970's, the larger containerships have emerged and concentrated their calls at a limitted number of ports. Moreover, large-scale container terminals have been built to accommodate the ever-larger containerships, and the mordernization of terminal facilities and many developments in information technology etc. have been brought out. Thus, unlimited competition has been imposed on every terminal with neighbouring ports in Japan, Singapore, Hongkong and Taiwan etc. The purpose of this study is invested to suggest how the container terminal operators cope with unlimited competition between local or foreign terminals. The results are suggested as follows : First, transshipment cargoes, which the added value is high, is to be induced. Second, the function of storage is given on On-Dock Yard. Third. Berth Pool Operation System is introduced, especially in Gamman Container Terminal and Kwangyang Container Terminal. Fourth, the cargo handling charges is decided by terminal operator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2023

Energy storage and distribution technologies are emerging as important factors as research on renewable energy continues. Analyzing the thermal flow of phase change material inside a latent heat storage device and to predict the phase change time is an important part for improvement of thermal performance. However, most of the current research is based on the trial-and-error experimental investigation to measure the phase change time. Therefore, in this study, a can-type phase change material container was designed, and the numerical method for analyzing the thermal flow of phase change material was established and validated. The error rate of the phase change time between the numerical and experimental results was within 5%, which proves its reliability. As a result, the phase change finishing times were found to be 78 minutes with inlet fluid temperature of 80℃ during charging process, and 126 minutes with inlet fluid temperature of 9℃ during discharging process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2022

In this study, the physical quality and microbial changes of ginseng sprout according to the pretreatment process and packaging container were evaluated to improve the storage properties of ginseng sprout produced in smart farm. Quality change during storage (10 days) according to pretreatment method (ascorbic acid, citric acid, peroxyacetic acid) and packaging container (expanded polystyrene (EP), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene + polyethylene + cast polypropylene (PP+PE+CPP)) was evaluated in terms of texture, viable cell count, water content, and color. As a result of comparison according to the type of pretreatment, the citric acid treatment group showed the lowest texture change and the effect on inhibition of bacterial growth. On the other hand, citric acid, which was most effective among pretreatments, was treated in all samples and then stored in 4 types of containers. Specially, the ginseng sprout in PP packaging container was not observed significant softening or color changes after 10 days storage, and the lowest changes in viable cell number. Therefore, this study was shown that citric acid treatment and use of PP packaging container are effective in increasing the shelf life of ginseng sprout.