• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.390-398
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• 1996

Acoustic analysis study was performed on 20 normal subjects by speaking nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stops(/p, $p^{*}$/, ph/) and their Preceding and/or following vowel /a/(that is, [pa, $p^{*}a$, pha, apa, $ap^{*}a$, apha]) with an ultraminiature pressure sensor in their mouths. Speech materials were phonated twice, once with a moderate voice, another time with a loud voice. The acoustic signal and intraoral pressure were recorded simultaneously on computer. By these procedures, we were to measure the intraoral pressure, closure duration and VOT of Korean bilabial stops, and to compare the values one another according to the intensity of phonation and the position of the target consonants. Intraoral pressure was measured by the peak intraoral pressure value of its wave; closure duration by the time interval between the onset of intraoral pressure build-up and the burst meaning the release of closure; Voice onset time(VOT) by the time interval between the burst and the onset of glottal vibration. Heavily aspirated bilabial stop consonant /ph/ showed the highest intraoral pressure value, unaspirated /p$^{*}$/, the second, slightly aspirated /p/, the lowest. The syllable initial bilabial stops showed higher intraoral pressure than word initial stops, and the value of loudly phonated consonants were higher than moderate consonants. The longest closure duration period was that of /$p^{*}$/ and the shortest, /p/, and the duration was longer in word initial position and in the moderate voice. In VOT, the order of the longest to shortest was /ph/, /p/, /$p^{*}$/, and the value was shorter when the consonant was in intervocalic position and when it was phonated with a loud voice.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

컴퓨터의 발전과 인터넷의 급속한 발전으로 정보의 양이 폭발적으로 증가하게 되었고 이러한 방대한 양의 정보들은 대부분 문서 형태로 관리되고 있으며, 문서 단위별 표현된 많은 정보들을 효과적으로 관리하고 검색하기 위한 방법의 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 문서 클러스터링은 문서간의 유사도를 바탕으로 서로 연관된 문서들을 군집화하여 문서들을 주제별로 통합하는 방법으로 대용량의 문서들을 자동으로 분류하고, 검색하는 데 있어서 검색의 정확성을 증대시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 문서의 추가나 기존문서의 삭제로 인하여 군집화 대상이 되는 문서 집합이 점진적으로 변화하는 환경을 위한 점진적 문서 클러스터링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 점진적 문서 클러스터링 알고리즘은 새로운 문서가 추가되었을 경우 문서 전체를 다시 클러스터링하지 않고, 이미 생성된 클러스터들의 구조를 적극적으로 변화시킴으로써 높은 효율성을 제공할 수 있다. 또한, 문서 클러스터링의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 통계적인 기법으로 불용어를 판별하여 제거하는 알고리즘을 제안하고, 문서 클러스터링에서 정확한 단어가중치 산출을 위해 TF$\times$IDF 공식을 수정한 TF$\times$NIDF 공식을 제안한다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1996

Acoustic analysis study was performed on 20 normal subjects by speaking nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stops$(/P, P^{\star}, P^{h}/)$ and their preceding and/or following vowel /a/ (that is, $[pa, p^{\star}a, p^{h}a, apa, ap^{\star}a, ap^{h}a]$) with an ultraminiature pressure, sensor. in their mouths. Speech materials were phonated twice, once with a moderate voice, another time with a loud voice. The acoustic signal and intraoral pressure were recorded simultaneously on computer. By these procedures, we were to measure the intraoral pressure, closure duration and VOT of Korean bilabial stops, and to compare the values one another according to the intensity of phonation and the position of the target consonants. Intraoral pressure was measured by the peak intraoral pressure value of Its wave closure duration by the time interval between the onset of intraoral pressure build-up and the burst meaning the release of closure ; Voice onset time(VOT) on by the time interval between the burst and the onset or glottal vibration. Heavily aspirated bilabial stop consonant /$p^h$/ showed the highest intraoral pressure value, unaspirated /$p^{\star}$/, the second, slightly aspirated /P/, the lowest. The syllable initial bilabial stops showed higher intraoral pressure than word initial stops, and the value of loudly phonated consonants were higher than moderate consonants. The longest closure duration period was that of /$p^{\star}$/ and the shortest, /P/, and the duration was longer in word initial position and in the moderate voice. In VOT, the order of the longest to shortest was $/{p^h}/, /p/, /{p^\star}/$, and the value was shorer when the consonant was in intervocalic position and when it was phonated with a loud voice.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

The current study exploresacoustic variation induced by prosodic contexts in different speech styles,with a focus on motherese or child-directed speech (CDS). The patterns of variation in the acoustic expression of voicing contrast in English stops, and the role of prosodic factors in governing such variation are investigated in CDS. Prosody-induced acoustic strengthening reported from adult-directed speech (ADS)is examined in the speech data directed to infants at the one-word stage. The target consonants are collected from Utterance-initial and -medial positions, with or without focal accent. Overall, CDS shows that the prosodic prominence of constituents under focal accent conditions variesin the acoustic correlates of the stop laryngeal contrasts. The initial position is not found with enhanced acoustic values in the current study, which is similar to the finding from ADS (Choi, 2006 Cole et al, 2007). Individualized statistical results, however, indicate that the effect of accent on acoustic measures is not very robust, compared to the effect of accent in ADS. Enhanced distinctiveness under focal accent is observed from the limited subjects' acoustic measures in CDS. The results indicate dissimilar strategies to mark prosodic structures in different speech styles as well as the consistent prosodic effect across speech styles. The stylistic variation is discussed in relation to the listener under linguistic development in CDS.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.213-234
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 자연어 검색시스템을 위한 스태밍알고리즘을 설계하고 이를 구현하였다. 알고리즘은 순환적으로 다음과 같은 세가지 과정으로 진행된다. : 불용어사전에 의한 불용어의 제거; 규칙 테이블1의 적용에 따른 기본 어미의 처리; 전단계에서 처리되고 남은 어절에 대해 규칙테이블 2를 적용하여 확장스태밍 및 다시쓰기루틴으로 진행된다. 알고리즘의 성능 평가를 위한 한글문헌집단을 사용하여 테스트한 결과 압축률 21.4%, 오류율 15.9%의 결과를 나타내었다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose an efficient traffic light detection (TLD) method as an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for elderly drivers. Since an increase in traffic accidents is associated with the aging population and an increase in elderly drivers causes a serious social problem, the provision of ADAS for older drivers via TLD is becoming a necessary(Ed: verify word choice: necessary?) public service. Therefore, we propose an economical TLD method that can be implemented with a simple black box (built in camera) and a smartphone in the near future. The system utilizes a color pre-processing method to differentiate between the stop and go signals. A mathematical morphology algorithm is used to further enhance the traffic light detection and a circular Hough transform is utilized to detect the traffic light correctly. From the simulation results of the computer vision and image processing based on a proposed algorithm on Matlab, we found that the proposed TLD method can detect the stop and go signals from the traffic lights not only in daytime, but also at night. In the future, it will be possible to reduce the traffic accident rate by recognizing the traffic signal and informing the elderly of how to drive by voice.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.1033-1038
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• 1994

This paper describes recognition results using the modified Learning Vector Quantization (MLVQ2) method which we proposed previously. At first, we investigated the property of duration of 29 Korean consonants and found that the variances of th duration were extremely big comparing to other languages. We carried out preliminary recognition experiments for three stop consonants P, T and K. From the recognition results, we defined the optimum conditions for the learning. Then we applied the MLVQ2 method to the recognition of Korean consonants. The training was carried out using the phoneme samples in the 611 word vocabulary uttered by 2 male speakers, where each of the speakers uttered two repetitions. The recognition experiment was carried out for the phoneme samples in two repetitions of the 611 word vocabulary uttered by another male speaker. The recognition scores for the twelve plosives were 68.2% for the test samples. The recofnition scores for the 29 Korean consonants were 64.8% for the test samples.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

본 논문은 사용자가 작업하는 문서에서 검색하고자 하는 검색어를 빠르고 단순하게, 그리고 다양한 검색의 범위를 조절할 수 있는 검색 방법을 제안하고 구현한 사례를 소개한다. 기존 웹 사이트 검색 방식은 하던 작업을 멈추고 웹 브라우저를 실행하고 사이트에 접속하며 키워드를 입력하는 지루한 과정이 필요하다. 또한 검색의 결과도 장황하며, 사전, 이미지, 동영상 등 동시 검색이 필요한 경우 여러 사이트에서 여러 번 검색하는 불편함이 있다. 본 논문은 사용자가 작업하는 어떤 문서에서도 간단히 검색어를 선택하고 CTRL키와 마우스 왼쪽 버튼을 동시에 누르는 것으로 검색이 이루어지도록 한다. 이를 위해 웹 서비스를 이용할 수 있는 Open API를 이용하여 여러 검색 웹 사이트의 검색 기능을 동시에 통합적으로 활용하는 매쉬업 검색 소프트웨어를 구현한다. 본 논문에서 개발한 검색 소프트웨어는 검색의 단순 즉시성, 결과의 간결성, 검색 범위의 다양성, 기능의 확장성뿐만 아니라 작업하는 어떤 문서에도 검색이 가능한 매쉬업의 좋은 사례로 평가된다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2000년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제19권 1호
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• pp.321-324
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• 2000

한국어는 어두에서 유성파열음이 나타나지 않고 약한 기식이 있는 연자음으로 실현되므로 영어의 유성파열음을 발음하기 어렵다. 한국인이 어두 유성파열음을 습득할 때 후속하는 모음의 높이가 영향을 미치리라 가정하고 /이, 에, 어, 우/ 4개의 모음을 선택하여 어두유성파열음 의 VOT에 영향을 미치는가를 단독단어와 문장에서 살펴보았다. native, 숙련자, 미숙련자의 세 그룹으로 나누어 실시한 결과 native의 경우 후속하는 모음이 어두파열음의 VOT에 영향을 끼치지 않았으며, 이러한 경향은 숙련자 그룹에서도 지켜짐을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 미숙련자 그룹인 경우 고모음이 저모음에서보다 VOT가 현저하게 길었고 통계검사 결과 유의미한 차이를 보여, 고모음에서 유성발음을 잘 못함을 알 수 있었다. native와 숙련자 그룹은 intermediate phrase(이하 iP) initial인 단어나 iP medial인 문장에서 VOT가 거의 유사한데 비해 미숙련자 그룹에서는 문장 내에서 VOT가 조금씩 짧아졌고 이 경향은 고모음에서 두드러져 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제48호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2003

Among the types of dysarthria, spastic and flaccid types are the most prominent manifestations. The objectives of the present research are (1) to discover the phonetic contrasts that differentiate spastic dysarthria from flaccid dysarthria, (2) to analyze the degrees of predictability of each phonetic contrast for intelligibility in spastic and flaccid dysarthrias and to compare them. The 'phonemic contrast word intelligibility pairs' for dysarthric speakers were tested and proved to be useful for clinical assessment of and research on dysarthria. In the group of spastic type, it showed that initial fricative vs. affricate and front vs. back vowel contrasts are transmitted relatively less effectively than flaccid type. In the group of flaccid type, initial glottal vs null contrast is transmitted less effectively than spastic type. The overall intelligibility of spastic dysarthria was predicted by multiple regression analysis with 88% accuracy by three phonetic contrasts(initial fricative vs. affricate; front vs. back vowels; initial consonant correlates). And the intelligibility of flaccid dysarthria was predicted by two phonetic contrasts(initial nasal vs. stop, front vs. back vowels) with 60% accuracy.