• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.231-235
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• 2007

Stone Industry in our country is classified mainly in view of supply of raw materials ingredients, as follows: Stone-Quarrying Industry who develops the natural resources, Stone Processing Industry who processes the quarried raw ore into construction materials and stone-products, Stony Mountain-Aggregate Industry who supplies the elementary raw materials ingredients to construction section, respectively. Among them, while Stone Processing Industry sells its turnover around billion-Won level per annum per a company, most of other job sites are paltry, adopting less than 10 employees, and it is real state that their working environments are also very coarse. The Noise originated from processing-instrument which generates at such Stone Processing Industry is as so repeatedly reiterating Loud Noise that most of the spot workers are forcedly imposing such dangers as the severe unpleasant feeling and hearing impairments. On this viewpoint, this Research is now analyzing on the frequency characteristics with regard to the Noise that generated from various processing-instruments, and then based on this, in order to grasp the influence of the Loud Noise generating when process the stone materials, this study has ever evaluated it with PSIL and NR. It is considered that such data could be used as the valuable material for establishment of a comfortable working environment hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2000

Grinding technology in morden industry society is focusing on research and development for grinding stone and machin-ing parts for the purpose of high accuracy and high efficiency of products. But in order to equip the high technology and high accuracy of micro stone which is one of grinding stone a continuous effort on R& D is require. In this study the honing processing work of 2 cycle engine cylinder for motorcycle which has an open hole is carried out so as to investigate the boring and hone stone effects on accuracy of honing. As the experimental result of this study we could conclude that it is possible to secure good conditions of honing by controlling and keeping appropriate cycle-time in the stage of boring for the prior step of honing.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2023

The development of sustainable composites materials, from recycled polymeric materials and waste from the wood industry and stone processing, allows reducing the volume of these by-products, minimizing impacts on health and the environment. Nowadays, Polypropylene (PP) is the most recycled polymer in industry, while the furniture industry has increasingly used timber felled from sustainable forest plantations as a eucalypt. The powder tailing from the ornamental stone extraction and processing industry is commonly disposed of in the environment without previous treatment. Thus, the technological option for the development of composite materials presents itself as a sustainable alternative for processing and manufacturing industries, enabling the development of new materials with special technical features. The results showed that powder granite particles may be incorporated into the polypropylene matrix associated with short eucalyptus fibres forming green hybrid composites with potential application in structural engineering, such as transport and civil construction industries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.326-331
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• 1999

Grinding technology in morden industry society is focusing on research & development for grinding stone and machining parts for the purpose of high accuracy and high efficiency of products. But, in order to equip the high technology and high accuracy of micro stone which is one of grinding stone, hardly and continuous effort on R&D is required.In this study, honing processing work of 2-cycle engine cylinder for motorcycle which has open hole is practiced so as to clear how borning that is prior step of honing and hone stone make an influence on accuracy of honing. As the result of analyzing the results of experiments, we came to conclusion that we can secure good conditions of honing by controlling and keeping appropriate cycle-time in the stage of boring of prior step of honing.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.4-11
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• 1995

The amounts of waste stone and stone powder sludge that occurred in the quarry and processing plant of s stone plates, have been increased with the development of stone industry. The manufactunng process of 따tificial s stone was studied to reduce the outlet of these wastes and utilIze them as raw materials for architecture, interior decoration and art work. In order to compare the properties of artiflcial stone with those of natural building-stone, the physi$\alpha$II properties of artificial stone such as specific gravity, absorption ratio, elastic wave velocity, compressive s strength, tensile strength, shore hardness, elasticity and Poission's ratio were measured. From the mesaured d data of physical properties, it was found that physical propertIes of artificial stone were controlled by homogeneous m mixing ratio of constituents, molding pressure, and amount of binder. Also, from the thermo-gravimetric analysis, it was found that artIfIcial stone manufactured had a good thermal stability up to $300^{\circ}C$. It was concluded that t the optimum conditions for manufacturing process of artificial stone were $200kg/\textrm{cm}^2$ of molding pressure, 12-15 w weight % of binder amounts.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.333-344
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• 2022

The quarrying and utilization of natural building stones such as granite and marble are rapidly emerging in developing countries. A huge amount of wastes is being generated during the processing, cutting and sizing of these stones to make them useable. These wastes are disposed of in the open environment and the toxic nature of these wastes negatively affects the environment and human health. The growth trend in the world stone industry was confirmed in output for 2019, increasing more than one percent and reaching a new peak of some 155 million tons, excluding quarry discards. Per-capita stone use rose to 268 square meters per thousand persons (m²/1,000 inh), from 266 the previous year and 177 in 2001. However, we have to take into consideration that the world's gross quarrying production was about 316 million tons (100%) in 2019; about 53% of that amount, however, is regarded as quarrying waste. With regards to the stone processing stage, we have noticed that the world production has reached 91.15 million tons (29%), and consequently this means that 63.35 million tons of stone-processing scraps is produced. Therefore, we can say that, on a global level, if the quantity of material extracted in the quarry is 100%, the total percentage of waste is about 71%. This raises a substantial problem from the environmental, economical and social point of view. There are essentially three ways of dealing with inorganic waste, namely, reuse, recycling, or disposal in landfills. Reuse and recycling are the preferred waste management methods that consider environmental sustainability and the opportunity to generate important economic returns. Although there are many possible applications for stone waste, they can be summarized into three main general applications, namely, fillers for binders, ceramic formulations, and environmental applications. The use of residual sludge for substrate production seems to be highly promising: the substrate can be used for quarry rehabilitation and in the rehabilitation of industrial sites. This new product (artificial soil) could be included in the list of the materials to use in addition to topsoil for civil works, railway embankments roundabouts and stone sludge wastes could be used for the neutralization of acidic soil to increase the yield. Stone waste is also possible to find several examples of studies for the recovery of mineral residues, including the extraction of metallic elements, and mineral components, the production of construction raw materials, power generation, building materials, and gas and water treatment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 1999

Stone in the Cho Sun Dynasty has been used as the material of industry arts, widely building materials and an important material for the artistic design. But it has been generally used as an use of practical living Product like, suban, a metal printing type, a fire place, a pillowcase, a pencil case, etc, and ornament with the quality of stone material and the aesthetic view. There are several problems as like size, quantity, delivery and processing method with the stne material according to its variety and selection. Accordingly it has been studied through the whole process of shape, a material selection of design and processing method as well as studying about small stone crafts which were manufactured in the Cho Sun Dynasty, considering these problems. Stone crafts in Cho Sun Dynasty has been widely used as a living tool. There was some what difference on manufacturing purpose on its technique of folk crafts of stone crafts, but, through the research of collected crafts, they were almost the same that social need, user's taste and hobby in those days were reflected in. In the result of analysis as dividing the stone crafts into daily living product, stationery and tool, the major of daily products have been manufactured with emphasis of practicability. And they have been manufactured from agalmatolite for the propose of use. further, kitchen product had no design due to the function and living products which has been used in the main living room has been carved with the decorative expression of the various form by using intaglic, relieve, inlaid technique, etc. For the stationery, it has been characterized with aesthetic point considering the decorative effects & selection of material in accordance with use. A material for manufacturing has been used in the range of agalmtolite, atopaz, a sapphire, white stone etc. As the result of this research, It was noticeable that there was the spleudidness on the expression of design and carving. It was also noticeable that black stone and guanite have been widely esed because it didn't need the delicacy as a tool.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.8-17
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• 2016

Sodium is a component of salt and naturally taken in the process of taking in table salt. For food processing, salt is very important. In general, salt adds flavor and taste including a salty taste and rheologically, it plays an important role in forming tissues. Also, it helps in improving preservability of food by controling growth of microorganisms. But excessive intake of salt has been blamed for outbreak of high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, kidney stone, stomach cancer and others. For this reason, there are active efforts to reduce sodium of processed foods all around the world. In Korea, a guideline for sodium reduction in 27 items and 44 kinds of foods including confectionery was suggested as part of the 'processed food sodium reduction guideline development project', which has been conducted since 2012.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.27-42
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• 2022

Open Data is an essential resource for the data industry. 'Act On Promotion Of The Provision And Use Of Public Data', enacted on July 30, 2013, mandates public institutions to manage the quality of Open Data and provide it to the public. Via such a legislation, the legal basis for the public to Open Data is prepared. Furthermore, public institutions are prohibited from developing and providing open data services that are duplicated or similar to those of the private sector, and private start-ups using open data are supported. However, as the demand for Open Data gradually increases, the cases of refusal to provide or interruption of Open Data held by public institutions are also increasing. Accordingly, the 'Open Data Mediation Committee' is established and operated so that the right to use data can be rescued through a simple dispute mediation procedure rather than complicated administrative litigation. The main issues dealt with in dispute settlement so far are usually the rights of third parties, such as open data including personal information, private information such as trade secrets, and copyrights. Plus, non-open data cannot be provided without the consent of the information subject. Rather than processing non-open data into open data through de-identification processing, positive results can be expected if consent is provided through active rights processing of the personal information subject. Not only can the Public Mydata Service be used by the information subject, but Open Data applicants will also be able to secure higher quality Open Data, which will have a positive impact on fostering the private data industry. This study derives a plan to establish a rights processing platform to enhance the usability of Open Data, including private information such as personal information, trade secrets, and copyright, which have become an issue when providing Open Data since 2014. With that, the proposals in this study are expected to serve as a stepping stone to revitalize private start-ups through the use of wide Open Data and improve public convenience through Public MyData services of information subjects.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

World stone production in 2021 stood at 162.5 million tons, up by 7.5 million tons, or 4.8 percent, compared to the previous year when the production came in at 155 million tons. Six top countries with the most of stone production were China, India, Turkey, Brazil, Iran and Italy and these six countries accounted for 72.8 percent of total production in the world. Stone exports stood at $21.68 billion in 2021, up by $2.3 billion from the previous year. Exports of raw materials and processed stones stood at 54.4 million tons, up by 2.98 million tons from the previous year. In terms of aggregate exports, exports of natural stones increased by $2.3 billion to $21.7 billion while exports of artificial stones rose $2.6 billion to $13.6 billion in 2021 compared to the previous year. The average price of stone (Code: 68.02) was up by $65.2 per ton to $794.82. The price of board, processed stone, an ingredient for building materials, increased by $3.52 per square meter to $42.96 per square meter. Recycling was always the problem as the volume of the total quarry was 333.5 million tons, of which only 28.8 percent were finished products and the remaining 71.2 percent were waste generated from stone extraction and processing. Korea's stone exports stood at $1.97 million in 2021, down 38.3 percent on year, while imports were up 8.6 percent to $758.9 million. Stone exports are expected to grow to 66.1 million tons in 2025, while usage is expected to reach 108.92 million tons, or 2 billion square meters.