• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.363-382
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• 2002

Morphological characters of three taxa belonging to three genera (Fuirena, Kobresia, and Scleria) in Korean Cyperaceae were reexamined. The anatomical patterns of stems and leaves, and epidermal patterns of achenes and leaves were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Based upon the results, the scientific and Korean names, which have not been clearly established, were reviewed. Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, scale, achene, and shape of achene, spikelet, style base, scale, perianth, and anatomical characters such as shape of stem and leaf, shape of achene epidermal cell and silica body of leaf, size and frequency of stomatal complex, presence of bulliform cell were useful for an identification of the three taxa.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 2019

Plants are exposed to biotic stresses caused by pathogen attack and complex abiotic stresses including heat and drought by dynamic climate changes. To alleviate these stresses, we investigated two bacterial stains, H26-2 and H30-3 in two cultivars ('Ryeokkwang' and 'Buram-3-ho') of Chinese cabbage in plastic pots in a greenhouse. We evaluated effects of bacterial strains on plant growth-promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses; the role of exopolysaccharides as one of bacterial determinants on alleviating stresses; biocontrol activity against soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PCC21. Strains H26-2 and H30-3 significantly increased fresh weights compared to a $MgSO_4$ solution; reduced leaf wilting and promoted recovery after re-watering under heat and drought stresses. Chinese cabbages treated with H26-2 and H30-3 increased leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content and reduced stomatal opening after stresses treatments, in addition, these strains stably colonized and maintained their populations in rhizosphere during heat and drought stresses. As well as tested bacterial cells, exopolysaccharides (EPS) of H30-3 could be one of bacterial determinants for alleviation of tested stresses in Chinese cabbages, however, the effects were different to cultivars of Chinese cabbages. In addition to bacterial activity to abiotic stresses, H30-3 could suppress incidence (%) of soft rot in 'Buram-3-ho'. The tested strains were identified as Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Taken together, H26-2 and H30-3 could be candidates for both plant growth promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses in Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2003

To examine the leaf epidermal microstructure, nine species in five genera (Daphne L. - 4 spp., Diarthron Turcz. - 1 sp., Edgewarthia Meisn. - 1 sp., Stellera L. - 1 sp., Wikstroemia Endl. - 2 spp.) of the Korean Thymelaeaceae were investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stomata of stuo야ed taxa were 'hypostomatic type' and the size range of guard cell was $13.8-34.4{\times}8.7-22.9{\mu}m$: the smallest size of stomata was found in Diathran linifolium ($15.9{\pm}2.6{\times}10.0{\pm}1.3{\mu}m$), while the largest one was measured to Daphne adara ($32.8{\pm}1.6{\times}20.7{\pm}1.3{\mu}m$). The stomatal complex was anomocytic in the most studied taxa, except Daphne kiusiana by having combined with anisocytic together. The shapes of epidermal cells are undulate anticlinal wall. The size range of epidermal cell was $20.7-61.0{\mu}m$; the smallest size of epidermal cell was found in Stellera charnaejasme ($26.0{\pm}1.9{\mu}m$), on the other hand the largest one was found in Edgeworthia chrysantha ($53.6{\pm}3.1{\mu}m$). The well-developed flaky epicuticular waxes can be divided three kinds of pattern - (1) smooth in comparison, not entire platelets and scattered, (2) isolated flake-like platelets, mostly paralleled, sparsely, (3) flake-like platelets, flat, membraneous, protruding from the surfaces at varying angles and densely. Two types of trichome are recognized; (1) Type I: uniseriate trichome of striate surface (D. genkwa, Diarthron linifalium, E. chrysantha, W. ganpi and W. trichotama), (2) Type II: multicellular trichome of papillose surface, uncinated 3-4 nodes (Diathron linifolium). Finally, the systematics significance of the leaf micromorphological features in identification and elucidation of Korean Thymelaeaceae, especially between or within the genera including among the species is also briefly discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.199-212
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• 2016

A comparative study of leaf epidermal microstructures in the tribe Sorbarieae (Adenostoma: 3 spp., Chamaebatiaria: 1 sp., Sorbaria: 11 spp., Spiraeanthus: 1 sp.) including related genera Gillenia (2 spp.) and Lyonothamnus (2 spp.) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate their significance in taxonomy. The leaves of Adenostoma, Chamaebatiaria, and Spiraeanthus were amphistomatic, whereas Gillenia, Lyonothamnus, and Sorbaria were hypostomatic. The size range of the guard cells is $7.84-48.7{\times}5.86-38.6{\mu}m$; the smallest one was found in Sorbaria tomentosa var. tomentosa ($7.84-11.8{\times}6.84-10.5{\mu}m$), while the largest measured example was Adenostoma fasciculatum var. obtusifolium ($30.3-48.7{\times}18.8-38.6{\mu}m$). Anomocytic stomata complex were the most frequent type (rarely cyclocytic), with usually both anomocytic and actinocytic types occurring in one leaf. On the surfaces, both the adaxial and abaxial anticlinal walls of the subsidiary cells vary (e.g., straight/curved, undulate, sinuate). Four types (unicellular non-glandular trichome, stellate, glandular trichome, pustular glandular trichome) of trichomes are found in the leaves. The epicuticular wax can be divided two types: membraneous platelets (Lyonothamnus) and platelets (Sorbaria arborea var. arborea, S. arborea var. subtomentosa, S. kirilowii, S. tomentosa var. tomentosa, Spiraeanthus schrenkianus). The trichome diversity (in particular, stellate, gland) and the existence of epicuticular wax may have taxonomic significance, although the leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics do not provide synapomorphy in this tribe. These leaf micromorphological features are most likely better understood in the Sorbarieae when used in conjunction with external morphological characters.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.183-222
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• 2001

Morphological characters of section Acutae of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of stem. leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium and achene, and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf (shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape. size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf were useful for the identification of the observed 11 taxa. C. cinerascens, C. heterolepis and C. forficula have been confused due to similar morphological characters. C. cinerascens, C. heterolepis and C. forficula were distinct. however with respect to from width of leaf, shpae of scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium, and epidermal patterns of achene and leaf.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.227-253
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• 2003

Morphological characters of C. kobomugi, C. gibba, C. echinata. C. remotiuscula. C. maakii. C. curta, and C. loliacea of genus Carex were rexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a light microscope(LM). Morphological characters. such as length and width of stem and leaf, sheath, bract, spike, scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium, length of spike peduncle, size, and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf, number of bract, shape of stem transection, scale and apex of scale, beak and base of perigynium, achene, epidermal cell and cell wall of perigynium, achene, leaf epidermal patterns (fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, silica body, subsidiary cell), hair, papillae, prickle present/absent of perigynium and leaf were useful for the identification of observed seven taxa. Examined six taxa of section Macrocephalae, Gibbae, Stellulatae, Elongatae, Ovales, and Heleonates were distint from each other with respect of length and width stem, leaf, bract, perigynium, perigynium beak, lenght of spike peduncle, perigynium, and leaf. A key based on data was presented here.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.301-338
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• 2002

Morphological characters of sections Rhomboidales (four taxa) and Digitatae (seven taxa) of the subgen. Eucarex (genus Carex, Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated by SEM and LM. Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak and base of perigynium, achene, hair present or absent in perigynium, number of involucre and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf(shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identification of the observed 11 taxa. According to the current study, examined 11 taxa of sections Rhomboidales and Digitatae were distinct from each other regarding by length of leaf, stem, pistillate scale and perigynium, shape and epidermal cell of perigynium beak. C. lanceolata and C. humilis have been confused due to similar morphological characters. C. lanceolata and C. humilis were distinct, however with respect to from length of stem, leaf ligule present or absent, shape of cross-sectioned stem, epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf. And C. lanceolata could be distinguished from C. pediformis by shape of perigynium and achene, shape of cross-sectioned of stem, epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.257-292
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• 2002

Morphological characters of sections Foetidae(one taxon), Arenariae(one taxon) and Multiflorae(six taxa) of genus Carex(Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a light microscope(LM). Morphological characters, such as length and width of stem, leaf, leaf sheath, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and beak of perigynium, length of spike peduncle, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf, number of bract, shape of stem transection, scale and apex of scale, beak and base of perigynuim, achene, epidermal cell and cell wall of perigynium, achene, leaf epidermal patterns(fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, silica body, subsidiary cell), hair, papillae present/absent of perigynium, and leaf were useful for the identification of observed eight taxa. According to the current study, examined eight taxa of sections Foetidae, Arenariae and Multiflorae were distinct from each other with respect to length and width of stem, leaf, bract, perigynium, perigynium beak, length of spike peduncle, shape of bract, scale and apex of scale, perigynium, perigynium beak, hair presence/absence of perigynium and leaf. A key based on data was presented here.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2020

Global climatic change and increasing climatic instability threaten crop productivity. Due to climatic change, drought stress is occurring more frequently in crop fields. In this study, we investigated the effect of treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) before leaf development on the growth and yield of sorghum for minimizing the damage of crops to drought. To assess the effect of H₂O₂ on the growth of sorghum plant, 10 mM H₂O₂ was used to treat sorghum leaves at the 3-leaf stage during growth in field conditions. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were increased by 7.6%, 9.6%, 8.3% and 11.5%, respectively. SPAD value, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were increased by 3.0%, 4.9%, 26.0%, 23.4% and 12.7%, respectively. The amount of H₂O₂ in the leaf tissue of sorghum plant treated with 10 mM H₂O₂ was 0.7% of the applied amount after 1 hour. The level increased to approximately 1.0% after 6 hours. The highest antioxidant activity measured by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assay was 847.3 µmol·g^-1 at 6 hour after treatment. However, in the well-watered condition, the concentration of H₂O₂ in the plant treated by the foliar application of H₂O₂ was 227.8 µmol·g^-1 higher than that of the untreated control. H₂O₂ treatment improved all the yield components and yield-related factors. Panicle length, plant dry weight, panicle weight, seed weight per plant, seed weight per unit area, and thousand seed weight were increased by 8.8%, 18.0%, 24.4%, 24.7%, 29.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Proteomic analysis showed that H₂O₂ treatment in sorghum increased the tolerance to drought stress and maintained growth and yield by ameliorating oxidative stress.