• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.485-489
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 광섬유 내에서 유도 브릴루앙 산란을 억제하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 광섬유 내에 샘플링 브라그 격자를 사용함에 의하여 강한 Q-스위치 펄스를 전송할 수 있도록 하였다. 격자는 유도 블릴루앙 산란으로 생성되는 스토크 펄스의 스펙트럼이 모두 브라그 격자의 반사 대역에 오도록 설계된다. 1 m 내에 샘플링 광섬유 브라그 격자의 수가 결합계수 보다 유도 브릴루앙 산란의 억제에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보였다. 이것은 후방 스토크 파의 발생을 억제하며 유도 브릴루앙 산란의 악 영향을 감소시킨다. 본 연구 방법을 통하여 1 kW 최대 파우어를 갖는 15 ns 펄스가 작은 에너지 손실을 발생시키며 전송될 수 있다는 것을 시뮬레이션을 통해 보였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 1977

Pacemaker therapy has been established as a routine procedure in a variety of disturbances of :cardiac rhythm. Cardiac pacing has greatly reduced the mortality rate in patients suffering from bradyarrhythmias complicated by Stokes-Adams attacks. However, in spite of the simplicity of the treatment and reliability of the devices available today, patients and physicians alike are invovled in a multitde of pacemaker specific problems. Clinical experience with permanent transvenous pacing during a 3 year period is presented. A total of 20 pacemaker operations were performed in 13 patients. The complications in our 20 pacemaker operations were headed by skin ulceration of 3 generator pockets and early dislocation of 3 electrodes. In an additional 2 patient, stimulation of diaphragm due to a position of electrode in the coronary sinus was noticed in one and battery failure of pulse generator was detected in the other. Literatures were reviewed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.1100-1109
• /
• 2006

In this study, two different technologies which can measure temperature simultaneously at many points are introduced. One is to use a thermal sensor cable that is comprised of addressable thermal sensors connected in parallel within a single cable. The other is to use an optic fiber with Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system. The difference between two technologies can be summarized as follows. A thermal sensor cable has a concept of 'point sensing' that can measure temperature at accurate position of a thermal sensor. So the accuracy and resolution of temperature measurement are up to the ability of the thermal sensor. Whereas optic fiber sensor has a concept of 'distributed sensing' because temperature is measured by ratio of Stokes and anti-Stokes component intensities of Raman backscatter that is generated when laser pulse travels along an optic fiber. It's resolution is determined by measuring distance, measuring time and spatial resolution. The purpose of this study is that application targets of two temperature measurement techniques are checked in technical and economical phases by examining the strength and weakness of them. Considering the functions and characteristics of two techniques, the thermal sensor cable will be suitable to apply to the assessment of groundwater flow, geothermal distribution and grouting efficiency within 300m distance. It is expected that the optic fiber sensor can be widely utilized at various fields (for example: pipe line inspection, tunnel fire detection, power line monitoring etc.) which need an information of temperature distribution over relatively long distance.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.519-519
• /
• 2023

Estuarine dams are a recent and global phenomenon. While estuarine dams can provide the benefit of improved freshwater resources, they can also alter estuarine processes. Due to the wide range of estuarine types and estuarine dam configurations, the effect of estuarine dams on estuaries is not well understood in general. To develop a systematic understanding of the effect of estuarine dam location and freshwater discharge interval on a range of estuarine types (strongly stratified, partially mixed, periodically stratified, and well-mixed), this study used a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment dynamic numerical model (COAWST) and compared flow, sediment transport, and morphological conditions in the pre- and post-dam estuaries. For each estuarine type, scenarios with dam locations at 20, 55 and 90 km from the mouth and discharge intervals of a discharge every 0.5, 3, and 7 days were investigated. The results were analyzed in terms of change in tide, river discharge, estuarine classification, and sediment flux mechanism. The estuarine dam location primarily affected the tide-dominated estuaries, and the resonance length was an important length scale affecting the tidal currents and Stokes return flow. When the location was less than the resonance length, the tidal currents and Stokes return flow were most reduced due to the loss of tidal prism, the dead-end channel, and the shift from mixed to standing tides. The discharge interval primarily affected the river-dominated estuaries, and the tidal cycle period was an important time scale. When the interval was greater than the tidal cycle period, notable seaward discharge pulses and freshwater fronts occurred. Dams located near the mouth with large discharge interval differed the most from their pre-dam condition based on the estuarine classification. Greater discharge intervals, associated with large discharge magnitudes, resulted in scour and seaward sediment flux in the river-dominated estuaries, and the dam located near the resonance length resulted in the greatest landward tidal pumping sediment flux and deposition in the tide-dominated estuaries.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1201-1206
• /
• 2004

Sonoluminescence (SL) characteristics such as pulse shape, radiance and spectrum radiance from submicron bubbles were investigated. In this study, a set of analytical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for the gas inside bubble and equations obtained from mass, momentum and energy equations for the liquid layer adjacent the bubble wall were used to estimate the gas temperature and pressure at the collapse point, which are crucial parameters to determine the SL characteristics. Heat transfer inside the gas bubble as well as at the liquid boundary layer, which was not considered in the most of previous studies on the sonoluminescence was taken it into account in the calculation of the temperature distribution inside the bubble. It was found that bremsstrahlung is a very possible mechanism of the light emission from either micron or submicron bubbles. It was also found that the peak temperature exceeding $10^{6}$ K in the submicron bubble driven at 1 MHz and 4 atm may be due to the rapid change of the bubble wall acceleration near the collapse point rather than shock formation.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.17-18
• /
• 2011

Plasma in liquid phase has attracted great attention in the last few years by the wide domain of applications in material processing, decomposition of organic and inorganic chemical compounds and sterilization of water. The plasma in liquid is characterized by three main regions which interact each - other during the plasma operation: the liquid phase, which supply the plasma gas phase with various chemical compounds and ions, the plasma in the gas phase at atmospheric pressure and the interface between these two regions. The most complex region, but extremely interesting from the fundamental, chemical and physical processes which occur here, is the boundary between the liquid phase and the plasma gas phase. In our laboratory, plasma in liquid which behaves as a glow discharge type, is generated by using a bipolar pulsed power supply, with variable pulse width, in the range of 0.5~10 ${\mu}s$ and 10 to 30 kHz repetition rate. Plasma in water and other different solutions was characterized by electrical and optical measurements. Strong emissions of OH and H radicals dominate the optical spectra. Generally water with 500 ${\mu}S/cm$ conductivity has a breakdown voltage around 2 kV, depending on the pulse width and the repetition rate of the power supply. The characteristics of the plasma initiated in ultrapure water between pairs of different materials used for electrodes (W and Ta) were investigated by the time-resolved optical emission and the broad-band absorption spectroscopy. The deexcitation processes of the reactive species formed in the water plasma depend on the electrode material, but have been independent on the polarity of the applied voltage pulses. Recently, Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy method was employed to investigate the chemistry in the liquid phase and at the interface between the gas and the liquid phases of the solution plasma system. The use of the solution plasma allows rapid fabrication of the metal nanoparticles without being necessary the addition of different reducing agents, because plasma in the liquid phase provides a reaction field with a highly excited energy radicals. We successfully synthesized gold nanoparticles using a glow discharge in aqueous solution. Nanoparticles with an average size of less than 10 nm were obtained using chlorauric acid solutions as the metal source. Carbon/Pt hybrid nanostructures have been obtained by treating carbon balls, synthesized in a CVD chamber, with hexachloro- platinum acid in a solution plasma system. The solution plasma was successfully used to remove the template remained after the mesoporous silica synthesis. Surface functionalization of the carbon structures and the silica surface with different chemical groups and nanoparticles, was also performed by processing these materials in the liquid plasma.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2013

유연한 혈관벽을 가진 경동맥 분지관을 흐르는 혈액의 유동을 해석하기 위하여 비정상상태, 비압축성, 뉴턴 유체를 가정한 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 유체영역은 P2P1 유한요소를 사용하였으며, 격자의 움직임을 모사하기 위하여 arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian 기법을 적용하였다. Newmark 관계식을 이용하여 고체영역의 선형탄성 방정식의 변수들을 속도에 관한 방정식으로 간략화하였으며, 유체와 고체의 운동에 관하여 완전 결합된 공식을 얻었다. 맥동의 한 주기 동안에 혈관벽의 유연성이 유동장에 큰 영향을 미치며, 경동맥 분지각이 커짐에 따라 경동맥 공동에서 유동장의 정체영역이 더 넓게 분포한다는 연구결과를 얻었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
• /
• pp.631-634
• /
• 2004

The method that exists in Photodynamic Therapy uses Photosensibility drug strongly Influencing tumour accumulation together with photochemical laser effect and makes the structure of tumour be localized and become extinct. The intracavity transformation of the Nd :YAP main radiation 1079 nm was Raman converted in barium nitrate crystal and the Stokes frequency (1216 nm) was doubled using KTP or RTA crystals. The LiF or Cr:YAG crystals are used for the Q-switch. The radiation Parameters were obtained at 100 Hz pump repetition frequency. The average power at 608 nm radiation with LiF and KTP was 700 mW at multi-mode generation. The 3-6 single 10-15 ns pulses were generated during one cycle of pumping. The doubling efficiency with RTA was two times more than with KTP. The cells of Ehrlich adenocarcinoma (0.1 ml) were i.m. implanted in hind thighs of ICR white non-imbred mice. The cells were preliminarily diluted in medium 199 in the ratio of 1 to 5. HpD was intravenous administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg. The left clean-shaven hind leg was irradiated with laser light 21-27 hours after the administration of the preparation. The right non-Irradiated leg of each animal served as a control. The animals with the transplanted tumor that were not injected with HpD sewed as a control to estimate the complex effect (HpD+ irradiation). Before the administration of HpD and on 3 and 4 days after irradiation the tumor size was measured and the percent of the tumor growth inhibition was calculated. The results of animal treatments has shown high efficiency of PDT method for cancer treatment by means 0.608 m high power pulse solid state laser.