• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effect of low power GaAsAl laser on the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation using different treatment points, acupuncture point (zusanli) and non-acupuncture points(back). Furthermore, we investigated the analgesic effect of low power GaAsAl laser using the different duration and intensity of laser in mechanical stimulation induced pain behavior. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The threshold of mechanical stimulation was significantly increased by GaAsAl laser stimulation into zusanli point after 15 and 30 min after laser stimulation(P<05). However, the laser stimulation into non-acupoint did not affect the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation. with dose dependent manner. 2. In order to investigate the analgesic effects of BV depending upon different intensities of laser stimulation, the experimental animals were divided into three groups: 3 mW treated group, 6 mW treated group and 10 mW treated group. The low power GaAsAl laser stimulation was applied into zusanli acupoint for 30 min with different intensity of laser stimulation. Six and ten mW of laser stimulation significantly increased the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation at 15 min after laser stimulation as compared to that of control group(P<.05). Moreover, the analgesic effect of 10 mW laser stimulation was maintained for 30 min after laser stimulation (P<.05). 3. Finally, we tested the analgesic effect of 10 mW laser stimulation using different duration such as 10 min, 30 min or 1 hr after application of mechanical stimulation. In 30 min treatment group, the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation was increased at 15min and 30min after laser stimulation(P<.05). However, laser stimulation for 60 min dramatically increased the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation at 0 min after laser stimulation and the analgesic effect of laser stimulation was observed until 1 hr after laser stimulation. In conclusion, these data apparently demonstrate that low power GaAsAl laser has analgesic effect on mechanical induced pain model in rats. In addition, the treated point, intensity and duration of laser stimulation should be concerned before clinical application for pain management purpose.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.465-479
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• 1995

We randomly assigned 61 healthy subjects(male 14, female 47) to compare the experimental pain threshold and skin temperature between high mode TENS and burst mode TENS. In this study, 61 subjects were divided into three groups ; high mode TENS(n=20), burst mode TENS (n=20), and control group(n=21). Experimental pain thresholds and skin temperatures were measured before, immediately after cessation of stimulation, and at 30 minutes post stimulation. Stimulation was applied to the dorsal surface of the forearm(L14, LI10). Pain thresholds were measured by chronaxie meter. Skin temperature were measured by electrical digital thermometer. The results are as follows ; 1. There were no statistical difference in the pain threshold and skin temperature at before TENS stimulation among the three groups(p>0.05). 2. The pain threshold and skin temperature in burst mode TENS group was significantly higher and longer effect than that in high mode TENS group and control group(p<0.01). 3. The pain threshold in burst mode TENS group decreased to prestimulation levels by 30 minutes poststimulation. 4. The skin temperature in burst mode TENS group decreased to prestimulation levels by 20 minutes poststimulation. 5. The skin temperature was significantly difference among three group at immediately after, and at 30 minutes poststimulation and the skin temperature in burst mode TENS group was significantely higher than that in two groups(p<0.001). 6. The increasing rate of pain threshold in high mode TENS group after immediately cassation of stimulation was 24.3%(p<0.001). 7. The increasing rate of pain threshold in burst mode TENS group after immediately cessation of stimulation was 93.5% (p<0.001).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and silver spike point (SSP) therapy on current perception threshold (CPT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT). Methods: Forty-five healthy adult male and female subjects were studied. Fourteen of them were males and twenty-one were females. Subject were randomly assigned to receive; (1) TENS (80/120 Hz alternating frequency), (2) SSP (3 Hz), or (3) no treatment (control group). Electric stimulation was applied over LI4 and LI11 on acupuncture points of the left forearm for 30 minutes. CPT and MPT were recorded before and after electrical stimulation. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models, with group treated as a between subject factor and time a within-subject factor. Results: At 30 minutes after cessation of electrical stimulation the CPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers was reduced in the TENS group that of C fibers was reduced in the SSP group (p<0.05). After cessation of electrical stimulation, the MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers increased in the TENS group, and that of A${\delta}$fibers increased in the SSP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: After TENS and SSP stimulation, MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers were selectively increased. In particular, the TENS group showed increases in both C and A${\delta}$fibers, while the SSP group showed increases only in A${\delta}$fibers.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on the alteration of pressure pain threshold of myofascial trigger points. We used fifty nine patients with upper trapezius mayofascial pain syndrome. Participants classified according to each group in conventional TENS(high rate, low intensity) and acupuncture like TENS(low rate, high intensity). The test was measured continuously pre test, post-test by algometer. The following results were obtained; 1. Pressure pain threshold were significantly increased in all groups(p<.001). 2. In comparison between groups, pressure pain threshold were not significantly differenced. These results lead us to the conclusion that each method by TENS were significantly increased pressure pain threshold of upper trapezius trigger points. Therefore, a further direction of this study will be to provide more evidence that TENS method have an effect on pressure pain threshold of myofascial trigger points.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.911-912
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• 2012

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Purpose : This study is to investigate the modulatory effects to the ultraviolet induced erythema of pain processing system. Methods : Thirty six healthy volunteers were divided into none treatment group (n=6), indomethacine group (n=6), subsensory level electrical stimulation group (n=6), sensory level electrical stimulation group (n=6), motor level electrical stimulation group (n=6), noxious level electrical stimulation group (n=6). Subjects were induced erythema for three times minimal erythema dose (MED) at upper arm of dermatome C6 level. Each experimental group had mechanical pain threshold (MPT), electrical pain threshold (EPT), thermal pain threshold (TPT). Results : This study revealed that we observed that pain thresholds were significantly correlated with each other in pain processing system. The effect of electrical stimulation levels evaluates were shown to be significant differences pain control effect in electrical stimulation group (sensory, motor level electrical stimulation groups) more than indomethacine group, subsensory level and control group. Conclusion : In this study, it was found that the effect of ultraviolet induced erythema of pain control by modulatory electrical stimulation.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.36-50
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high intensity, high frequency microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation(MENS) of auricular and somatic acupuncture points and low intensity, low frequency microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation(MENS) of auricular and somatic acupuncture points on experimental pressure threshold at the elbow according to the time. Fifty healthy adults, aged 19 to 26 years, were assigned randomly to one of five groups: 1) the high intensity, high frequency somatic group(n=10) received MENS to somatic acupuncture points, 2) the high intensity, high frequency auricular group(n=10) received MENS to auricular acupuncture points, 3) the low intensity, low frequency somatic group(n=10) received MENS to somatic acupuncture points, 4) the low intensity, low frequency somatic group(n=10) receive MENS to somatic acupuncture points, and 5) the placebo group(n=10) received placebo treatment and served as controls. Pressure threshold was measured before, after, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. Pressure threshold has increased significantly(p<.05) in the high intensity, high frequency auricular group following treatment after 5 minutes, with no statistically significant differences in pressure threshold change scores among five groups, Only the high intensity, high frequency auricular group demonstrated statistically significant change score in pressure threshold following treatment after, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes after compared to the placebo group. The results indicated that MENS applied to the high intensity, high frequency auricular group increases pressure threshold.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the changes between pre-treatment and post-treatment of four groups of 15 persons each and 2) to compare the effect of conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and laser at auricular acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold measured at the wrist. Sixty healthy adult men and women(M:32, F:28), aged 20 to 28 years, were assigned randomly to one of four groups. Group 1 received TENS to the appropriate auricular point for wrist pain, Group 2 received laser to the appropriate auricular point for wrist pain, Group 3 received placebo TENS to the appropriate auricular point for wrist pain, Group 4 received no treatment and served as controls. Experimental pain threshold at the wrist was determined with a painful electrical stimulus before and 20 minutes after ear stimulation. Group 1 was the only group that showed a stastically significant increase (p<0.05) in pain threshold after treatment whereas the Group 2,3 and 4 did not. These results suggest that TENS has the capability to higher pain threshold but laser does not.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was influence of change of electrical stimulation time on body regions affects on electrical current threshold. Methods: The present study is to examine the effect of silver spike point (SSP) electrical stimulation (1Hz), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, 100Hz), and interferential current therapy (ICT, 50Hz) from the low back and scapulodorsal and knee joint regions on stimulation-induced current thresholds from the elderly (over sixty) people (male:72, female:91) in senior welfare center. Result: The low back region, but not scapulodorsal and knee joint region, significantly increased the TENS and ICT, but not SSP, electrical stimulation, significantly increased the time-dependent current thresholds in elderly patients. Conclusion: Therefore, these results, in part, suggest that the TENS and ICT were shown to be a more adaptable method of stimulation, and that needed of the development of senile specialized physical therapy and the utilization of senior leisure facilities such as senior welfare center the others.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.171-183
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• 1994

Purphose. This present study examines the effect of brief, intense transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(BTENS) on sensory nerve conduction, electrical pain threshold, and two-point discrimination measured at the superficial radial nevre distribution in 20 healthy subjects. Subjects. Twenty volunteercs, (10 females and 10 males(age range : 20-38 years : $mean{\pm}SD\;:\;27.00{\pm}5.12$), only subjects without prior traumatological and pathological were eligible to participated in this study. Methods. Nerve conduction were determined for the right superficial radial nerve. Electrical pain threshold were determined for the right wrist ipsilateral to the site of BTENS. Small disc electrodes were attached to the surface of the skin stradding the end of the radius. Square wave electrical pulses were delivered from an isolated stimulator through a constant current device at a frequency of 2 Hz(5 ms pulse width). Two-point discrimination, measured on the sensory distribution of superficial radial nerve. BTENS was delivered using a Max-SD( Medical design co.) portable battery powered stimulator. A cicular Ag/AgCl electrode in contact with hypertonic saline gel was attached to the lateral(radial side) surface of the forearm. Results. No significant effects were observed between stimulation methods in the prestimulation cycle(multi-way ANOVA repeated measures : distal latency ; F1.14=0.332. amplitude ; F 0.80=0.445, pain threshold ; F0.06=0.940.2 point discrimination ; F1.50=0.236). Highly significant effects were observed time with the pretreatment and 6 posttreatment cycles(p<0.01). Mighty significants differences in nerve conduction and pain threshold were found using un multi-way ANOVA repeated measures among stimulation methods for each cycles(p<0.01). Conclusion and Discussion The authors concludes that both nerve conduction and pain threshold changes are associated with therapy (stimulation) level of BTENS.