• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2005

This paper presents an experimental study and its findings of the behavior of circular and square stub columns filled with high strength concrete ($f_c^{\prime}$=49MPa) and polymer cement concrete (PCC) under concentric compressive load. Twenty-four specimens were tested to investigate the effects of variations in the tube shape (circular, square), wall thickness, and concrete type on the axial strength of stub columns. The characteristics of CFT stub columns filled with two types of concrete were investigated in order to collect the basic design data for using the PCC for the CFT columns. The experimental investigations included consideration of the effects of the concrete fill on the failure mode, ultimate strength, initial stiffness and deformation capacity. One of the key findings of this study was that circular section members filled with PCC retain their structural resistance without reduction far beyond the ultimate capacity. The results presented in this paper will provide experimental data to aid in the development of design procedures for the use of advanced concretes in CFT columns. Additionally, these results give structural designers invaluable insight into the realistic behavior of CFT columns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.921-947
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• 2016

Concrete Filled Fibre Reinforced Polymer Tube (CFFT) for new columns construction has attracted significant research attention in recent years. The CFFT acts as a formwork for new columns and a barrier to corrosion accelerating agents. It significantly increases both the strength capacity (Strength enhancement ratio) and the ductility (Strain enhancement ratio) of reinforced concrete columns. In this study, based on predefined selection criteria, experimental investigation results of 134 circular CFFT columns under axial compression have been compiled and analysed from 599 CFFT specimens available in the literature. It has been observed that actual confinement ratio (expressed as a function of material properties of fibres, diameter of CFFT and compressive strength of concrete) has significant influence on the strength and ductility of circular CFFT columns. Design oriented models have been proposed to compute the strength and strain enhancement ratios of circular CFFT columns. The proposed strength and strain enhancement ratio models have significantly reduced Average Absolute Error (AAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Relative Standard Error of Estimate (RSEE) and Standard Deviation (SD) as compared to other available strength and strain enhancement ratios of circular CFFT column models. The predictions of the proposed strength and strain enhancement ratio models match well with the experimental strength and strain enhancement ratios investigation results in the compiled database.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.645-655
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• 2017

To determine the seismic applicability of a long-span railway concrete upper-deck arch bridge with concrete-filled steel-tube (CFST) rigid skeleton ribs, some fundamental principles and seismic approaches for long-span bridges are investigated to update the design methods in the current Code for Seismic Design of Railway Engineering of China. Ductile and mixed isolation design are investigated respectively to compare the structural seismic performances. The flexural moment and plastic rotation demands and capacities are quantified to assess the seismic status of the ductile components. A kind of triple friction pendulum (TFP) system and lead-plug rubber bearing are applied simultaneously to regularize the structural seismic demands. The numerical analysis shows that the current ductile layout with continuous rigid frame approaching spans should be strengthened to satisfy the demands of rare earthquakes. However, the mixed isolation design embodies excellent seismic performances for the continuous girder approaching span of this railway arch bridge.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.841-849
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• 2018

The purpose of a rock bolt is to improve the mechanical performance of a jointed-rock mass. The performance of a rock bolt is generally evaluated by conducting a field pullout test, as the analytical or numerical evaluation of the rock bolt behavior still remains difficult. In this study, wide range of field test was performed to investigate the pullout resistance of rock bolts considering influencing factors such as the rock type, water bearing conditions, rock bolt type and length. The test results showed that the fully grouted rock bolt (FGR) in water-bearing rocks can be inadequate to provide the required pullout resistance, meanwhile the inflated steel tube rock bolt (ISR) satisfied required pullout resistance, even immediately after installation in water-bearing conditions. The ISR was particularly effective when the water inflow into a drill hole is greater than 1.0 l/min. The effect of the rock bolt failure on the tunnel stability was investigated through numerical analysis. The results show that the contribution of the rock bolt to the overall stability of the tunnel was not significant. However, it is found that the rock bolt can effectively reinforce the jointed-rock mass and reduce the possibility of local collapses of rocks, thus the importance of the rock bolt should not be overlooked, regardless of the overall stability.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1990

Air-solid bed has been known to be an effective heat transfer augmentation device which could be applied to heat exchangers. In this study, pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of vertical annular fluidized bed heat exchanger with air flowing through were studied experimentally. The experiments was conducted to calculate overall heat transfer coefficient on fluidized bed heat exchangers immersed single vertical tube and investigate minimum fluidized velocity in fluidized bed of alumina beads and steel balls. The influence of flow direction, particle diameter, the heights of static bed and air mass fluidizing velocity has been examined. The experimental results showed the optimum operating condition and effective static bed height for fluidized bed heat exchangers. For the same power loss, comparisions of heat transfer effect between the fluidized bed heat exchanger and the single phase forced convetion heat exchanger indicate that both miniaturization of heat exchanger and heat transfer augmentation at low flow velocity are possible by application of the air-solid to heat exchangers.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

Due to the advantageous mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymeric plastics(FRP), their application in the construction industries is ever increasing trend, as a substitute of structural steel which is highly vulnerable under hazardous environmental conditions (i.e., corrosion, humidity, etc.). In this study, hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile (HCFFT) connection is suggested. The HCFFT is consisted of pultruded FRP unit module, filament wound FRP which is in the outside of mandrel composed of circular shaped assembly of pultruded FRP unit modules, and concrete which is casted inside of the circular tube shaped hybrid FRP pile. Therefore, pultruded FRP can increase the flexural load carrying capacity, filament wound FRP and concrete filled inside can increase axial load carrying capacity. In the study, connection capacity of HCFFT(small and mid size) is investigated throughout experiments and finite element method. From the results of experiments, we suggested the connection methods about HCFFT pile connection.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.409-417
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• 1990

Tooth movement would be impeded by frictional force arised between archwire and tube, bracket or elastics in the fixed orthodontic appliances, which could be changed variably by such several factors as the contact area, normal (perpendicular) force and the condition of contact surface. There were many literatures about frictional force in the orthodontic region, but different results were obtained from little controlled research so that was very difficult in clinical application. Therefore we have reviewed comprehensively previous literatures about frictional force and thus several results were obtained as follows: 1. For use species of the orthodontic wire, frictional force was influenced mainly by surface roughness of wire in the absence of binding, while that was influenced mainly by normal force in high binding angulation. 2. For the cross-section and diameter of the wire, the contact area influenced mainly on frictional force in the absence of binding, while wire stiffness influenced mainly on frictional force in high binding angulation. 3. The greater the bracket width, the greater frictional force, and frictional force of the plastic bracket was larger than that of the metal bracket. 4. For ligation type, frictional force of the stainless steel ligation was larger than that of the elastic ligation, and frictional force was directly proportional to ligation force. 5. Variable frictional force were occured from the saliva combined with such another factors as normal force and mode of surface oxide et al.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.240.2-240.2
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• 2014

Characteristics of pulse-discharged plasma in liquid and its biological applications to proteins are investigated by making use of high voltage Marx generator. The Marx generator has been consisted of 5 stages, where each charging capacitor is $0.5{\mu}F$ to generate a high voltage pulse with rising time of $1{\mu}s$. We have applied an input voltage of 6 kV to the each capacitor of $0.5{\mu}F$. The high voltage pulsed plasma has been generated inside a polycarbonate tube by a single-shot operation, where the breakdown voltage is measured to be 7 kV, current of 1.2 kA, and pulse width of ${\sim}1{\mu}s$ between the two electrodes of anode-cathode made of stainless steel, which are immersed into the liquids. For the investigation of the influence of pulsed plasma on biomolcules, we have focused on the amino acids, DNA, proteins, cell and cholesterol.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 CFRP쉬트로 보강된 원형 CFT기둥의 압축거동을 관찰하고 설계식을 제안하였다. 원형 CFT기둥의 CFRP쉬트의 보강효과를 관찰하기 위해 10개의 실험체를 제작하여 중심축하중 실험을 수행하였다. 실험변수로는 CFRP쉬트 보강겹수와 직경-두께비(D/t)이다. 실험결과 원형CFT기둥에 CFRP쉬트 보강을 통해 압축내력을 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 ACI 440code를 응용하여 CFRP 보강된 원형 CFT기둥의 압축내력을 예측하기 위한 설계식을 제안한다. 제안식을 분석한 결과 실험결과와 비교적 일치한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2004

진단영역에서 사용하는 넓은 선속 X선 에너지에 대한 차폐물질의 투과 특성을 Archer의 수학적 모델을 적용하여 나타내었다. 인버터 방식의 고전압발생장치를 사용하는 X선 발생장치를 사용하여 관전압 60 kVp부터 140 kVp까지의 범위에서 납, 철, 콘크리트, 유리등의 차폐체의 투과 특성을 나타내었다. 이러한 인버터 방식의 고전압발생장치를 사용하는 진단영방사선발생장치의 관전압별 투과도는 진단방사선발생장치를 사용하는 작업공간에서의 차폐 설계 시 차폐물질의 종류와 두께의 설정에 도움이 될 것이다.