• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2000

In this study, using the CRS consolidation tests on reconstituted marine clay, the characteristics of C$\sub$v/, k, e and $\varepsilon$, the anisotropic characteristics of specimen according to the rate of strain were estimated. Also, the validity of the Wissa et al.(1971) consolidation theory on CRS(Constant Rate of Strain) consolidation tests were reviewed. From that results, it was shown that the value of C$\sub$v/, k and u$\sub$b/ was increased as the rate of strain was increased. While the difference of the value( C$\sub$v/, k and u$\sub$b/) between vertically reconstituted specimen and horizontally reconstituted specimen became small as the rate of strain was increased. It is known that k is different due to the hydraulic gradient(i) during the CRS consolidation tests. The subject of this study is to distinguish steady state from transient state in CRS consolidation tests. Consequently, the difference of the value(C$\sub$v/ and k) is higher in case of vertically reconstituted specimen than horizontally reconstituted specimen.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2003

The steady shear flow properties of vaseline generally used as a base of the pharmaceutical dosage forms were studied in the consideration of wall slip phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to show that how slip may affect the experimental steady-state flow curves of semisolid ointment bases and to discuss the ways to eliminate (or minimize) wall slip effect in a rotational rheometer. Using both a strain-controlled ARES rheometer and a stress-controlled AR1000 rheometer, the steady shear flow behavior was investigated with various experimental conditions ; the surface roughness, sample preparation, plate diameter, gap size, shearing time, and loading methods were varied. A stress-controlled rheometer was suitable for investigating the flow behavior of semisolid ointment bases which show severe wall slip effects. In the conditions of parallel plates attached with sand paper, treated sample, smaller diameter fixture, larger gap size, shorter shearing time, and normal force control loading method, the wall slip effects could be minimized. A critical shear stress for the onset of slip was extended to above 10,000 dyne/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The wall slip effects could not be perfectly eliminated by any experimental conditions. However, the slip was delayed to higher value of shear stress by selecting proper fixture properties and experimental conditions.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.267-276
• /
• 1997

It has been studded that combustion and the production of air pollution of anthracite - bituminous coal blend In a fluidized bed coal combustor, The objects of thIns study were to investigate mixing characteristics of the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and Imported h19h calorific bltununous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. They were used as coal samples ; the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010kca1/kg and the Imported high grade bituminous coal with beating value of 6,520kca1/kg. Also, the effects of air flow rate and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition have been studied. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 300sc1h which was the fastest. It has been found that $O^2$ and $CO^2$ concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. It has been found that $O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased as the height of fluidlzed bed Increased. It was found that splash zone was mainly located from 25cm to 35cm above distributor. Also, as anthracite traction Increased, the mass of elutrlatlon particles Increased, and $CO^2$ concentration decreased. As gk flow rate Increased,$O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the uncombustible weight percentage according to average diameter of elutriation particles were approldmately high In the case of One Particles. As anthracite traction and k now rate Increased, elutriation ratio Increased. As anthracite fraction was increased, exit combustible content over feeding combustible content was Increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction, size distribution of Ued material from discharge was almost constant. Over bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$ and excess air 20% , the difference of combution efficiencies were little. It is estimate that the combustion condition In anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion is suitable at the velocity 0.3m/s, bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$, the excess air 20%.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.293-297
• /
• 2006

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and the interface between seawater and freshwater in an unconfined coastal aquifer was evaluated by numerical modeling. A two-dimensional vertical cross section of the aquifer was constructed. Coupled flow and salinity transport modeling were peformed by using a numerical code FEFLOW In this study, we investigated the changes in groundwater flow and salinity transport in coastal aquifer with hydraulic condition such as the magnitude of recharge flux, hydraulic conductivity. Especially, transient simulation considering tidal effect and seasonal change of recharge rate was simulated to compare the difference between quasi-steady state and transient state. Results show that SGD flux is in proportion to the recharge rate and hydraulic conductivity, and the interface between the seawater and the freshwater shows somewhat retreat toward the seaside as recharge flux increases. Considered tidal effect, SGD flux and flow directions are affected by continuous change of the sea level and the interface shows more dispersed pattern affected by velocity variation. The cases which represent variable daily recharge rate instead of annual average value also shows remarkably different result from the quasi-steady case, implying the importance of transient state simulation.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.427-439
• /
• 2012

In this study, an experiment with large-scale model was performed according to raising embankment in order to investigate the behaviour of failure due to overtopping. The pore water pressure, earth pressure and settlement by high water level, a rapid drawdown and overtopping were compared and analyzed. Also, seepage analysis and slope stability analysis were performed for steady state and transient conditions. The pore water pressure and earth pressure for inclined core type showed high value at the base of the core, but they showed no infiltration by leakage. The pore water pressure and earth pressure by overtopping increased at the upstream slope and core, it is considered a useful data that can accurately estimate the possibility of failure of the reservoir. The behavior of failure due to overtopping was gradually enlarged towards the downstream slope from reservoir crest, and the inclined core after the raising embankment was influenced significantly to prevent the reservoir failure. The pore water pressure distribution for steady state and transient condition showed positive (+) pore water pressure on the upstream slope, it was gradually changed negative (-) pore water pressure on the downstream slope. The pore water pressure by overtopping showed a larger than the high water level at the downstream slope, it was likely to be the piping phenomenon because the hydraulic gradients showed largely at the inclined core and reservoir crest. The safety factor showed high at the steady state, and transient conditions did not show differences depending on the rapid drawdown.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2020

Life tests are essential in reducing the catastrophic damage caused by the accidents of large machinery such as aircraft and ships. However, life tests are challenging to implement due to the high costs and time required to test the life of large machinery parts. Therefore, it is advantageous and convenient to apply accelerated life test techniques for key components to reduce costs and time. In fact, extensive research has already been conducted on these techniques. However, recently, there have been cases in which an experimental value was applied to the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution used in the reliability test, but the test time was not significantly reduced. Therefore, in this paper, the shape parameters are estimated from the probability density function of the Weibull distribution for the analysis of an accelerated life test for bladder accumulators, which are core components of military helicopters. The test time was derived based on the number of samples and confidence level by substituting it into the test time equation. Next, the accelerated life test time was calculated using the steady-state test time with an acceleration factor obtained from the Arrhenius model. The steady-state life test required approximately 15,000 H, whereas the accelerated life test time for one sample at 100 ℃ was 34% shorter than that of the steady-state life test.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 1982

본 논문에서는 Reddy와 Gupta가 제안한 1차 및 2차 디지탈 phase-locked loops(DPLL)에 관하여, 잡음이 없는 상태에서 위상 포착 과정을 연구하여 새로운 결과를 얻었다. 먼저 양자화단계 L과 위상 오차 상태수 N이 위상 포착 과정에서 중요한 위치를 차지하는 것을 보였다. 고정된 L단계 양자화 장치에서, N이 증가함에 따라, 포착 시간은 증가하고 동기 구속 범위는 감소하는 반면, 정상 상태에서의 위상 오차편차는 감소한다. L이 증가하는 경우에는, 포착 시간은 감소하고 동기 구속 범위가 증가하며, 또한 정상 상태에서의 위상 오차는 L의 변화에 거의 영향을 받지 않는다. 포착 과정에서 루프 필터가 미치는 영향에 관해서도 연구되었다. 필터의 변수를 크게 할수록 포착 시간을 줄이며, 구속 범위를 증가시킬 수 있다. 그러나 이 경우 정상 상태에서의 위상 오차 편차는 증가된다. 분석 결과들은 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션에 의해 입증했다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 TCP 연결 및 TFRC 연결이 하나의 병목 링크를 공유하는 네트워크에서 패킷 전송시 에러가 발생하는 경우 TCP 및 TFRC의 정상상태 동작을 해석한다. 먼저 네트워크를 TCP 연결 및 TFRC 연결이 공존하는 이산시간 시스템으로 모델화한다. 두 번째 패킷 손실이 있다는 가정 하에 송신측과 수신측 사이의 패킷의 평균 라운드 트립 시간을 계산한다. 그리고 제시한 네트워크 모델을 이용하여 정상상태의 TCP 연결 및 TFRC 연결의 스루풋, RED 라우터의 평균 큐 길이를 계산한다. 계산결과 TCP 및 TFRC 연결의 스루풋은 송신측의 윈도우 개수가 증가할수록, 전송용량이 높을수록 급격히 감소하지만 송신측 윈도우 개수가 일정 수준을 넘어가면 완만하게 감소하고 있다. RED 라우터의 평균 큐 길이는 전송속도가 저속이면 완만하게 증가하고 있으나 전송속도가 빨라지면 급격하게 증가하고 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2003

The build-up of the heat field in shallow coastal water due to a point source has been investigated using an analytical solution of a time-integral form derived by extending the solutions by Holley(1969) and also presented in Harleman (1971). The uniform water depth is assumed with non-isotropic turbulent dispersion. The alongshore-flow is assumed to be uni-directional, spatially uniform and oscillatory. Due to the presence of the oscillatory alongshore-flow, the heat build-up occurs in an oscillatory manner, and the excess temperature thereby fluctuates in that course and even in the quasi-steady state. A series of calculations reveal that proper choices of the decay coefficient as well as dispersion coefficients are critical to the reliable prediction of the excess temperature field. The dispersion coefficients determine the absolute values of the excess temperature and characterize the shoreline profile, particularly within the tidal excursion distance, while the decay coefficient determines the absolute value of the excess temperature and the convergence rate to that of the quasi-steady state. Within the e-folding time scale $1/k_d$ (where $k_d$ is the heat decay coefficient), heat build-up occurs more than 90% of the quasi-steady state values in a region within a tidal excursion distance (L), while occurs increasingly less the farther we go to the downstream direction (about 80% at 1.25L, and 70% at 1.5L). Calculations with onshore and offshore discharges indicate that thermal spreading in the direction of the shoreline is reduced as the shoreline constraint which controls the lateral mixing is reduced. The importance of collecting long-term records of in situ meteorological conditions and clarifying the definition of the heat loss coefficient is addressed. Interactive use of analytical and numerical modeling is recommended as a desirable way to obtain a reliable estimate of the far-field excess temperature along with extensive field measurements.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2019

본 논문에서는 nonconstant modulus 신호 전송에서 채널에서 발생되는 부호간 간섭 영향을 줄이기 위한 FC-MMA 적응 등화 알고리즘에 가변 스텝 크기를 적용하여 등화 성능을 개선할 수 있는 VSS-FC-MMA 알고리즘을 제안한 후, 이의 개선된 성능을 확인하였다. FC-MMA 는 적응 등화를 위한 오차 신호를 얻을 때 신호 심볼의 레벨수를 고려한 수정된 dispersion constant와 고정 스텝 크기를 적용하여 MMA의 수렴 속도를 개선할 수 있지만 정상 상태에서 등화 성능이 열화된다. 논문에서 제안하는 VSS-FC-MMA는 기존 FC-MMA와 가변 스텝 크기를 적용하므로서 정상 상태에서 등화 성능을 개선할 수 있으며, 이를 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 동일한 채널과 신호대 잡음비를 적용할 때 알고리즘의 신호 복원 능력 및 성능 비교를 위한 지수로는 잔류 isi, MSE와 SER을 적용하였다. 시뮬레이션의 결과 제안 VSS-FC-MMA는 FC-MMA보다 잔여량과 SER 성능이 개선되지만, 수렴 속도에서는 1.7배 정도 늦어짐을 확인하였다.