• 제목/요약/키워드: Status changes

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SIP 환경에서의 새로운 프레즌스 리스트 서비스 (A New Presence Lists Service in SIP Environment)

  • 장춘서
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제15권12호
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2010
  • SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) 환경에서 프레즌스(presence) 이벤트 통지(notification) 동작은 프레즌스 서비스 사용자가 상대방의 프레즌스 정보의 상태 변화를 알 수 있도록 한다. 이를 위하여 기존의 방식에서 사용자는 등록하고자하는 상대방의 주소를 담은 SIP SUBSCRIBE 요청 메시지를 프레즌스 서버에게 각각 보내야 했다. 또 각 프레즌스 등록에 대해서는 주기적으로 리프레시 메시지가 필요하고 등록한 상대방에서 발생하는 통지 메시지의 양도 모두 합할 경우 그 양이 많아지므로 이 경우 네트워크 트래픽을 크게 발생시키고 프레즌스 서버의 부하를 증가시킨다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기위하여 프레즌스 정보를 얻기 원하는 상대방의 URI로 구성된 프레즌스 리스트를 사용하여 한번의 SUBSCRIBE 메시지로 프레즌스 등록을 할 수 있도록 함으로써 SUBSCRIBE 메시지 및 리프레시 메시지 양을 크게 줄일 수 있고 등록된 상대방으로부터 발생하는 이벤트 통지메시지의 처리양도 크게 줄일 수 있는 새로운 프레즌스 리스트 서비스 방식을 제안하였다. 또 동작 효율을 더욱 높이기 위하여 필요한 프레즌스 정보만을 선택하여 통지 메시지에 포함 시킬 수 있는 프레즌스 필터링 방식도 새롭게 제안되었다. 이와 같이 하여 구현된 시스템은 SIP 메시지 전송에 관련된 네트워크 트래픽을 크게 줄일 수 있고 프레즌스 서버에서의 메시지 처리 시간을 감소시킨다. 제안된 시스템의 성능은 실험을 통하여 분석하였고 서버에서의 처리시간이 감소함을 보였다.

목질진흙(상황)버섯과 동충하초 투여가 운동 시 혈중 피로요인 변화와 항산화체계에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Phellinus linteus and Cordceps militaris Supplementation on Blood Fatigue Element Changes and Antioxidant System During Exercise)

  • 백일영;한대석;박태선;곽이섭;서상훈;진화은;김영일;우진희
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.1090-1096
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 인체를 대상으로 목질진흙버섯과 동충하초 투여 후 운동과 회복 중 피로유발 지연과 항산화 방어 효과를 규명하는데 목적이 있었으며, 남자 대학생 15명을 대상으로 목질 진흙버섯 투여군(PL), 동충하초 투여군(CM), 그리고 위약 투여군(PB) 등 세 그룹으로 나누어 6주간 해당음료 100ml/day을 구강으로 투여하였고, 투여 전과 후 운동수행에 따른 차이를 비교하였다. 분석결과 운동수행시간에는 차이가 없었지만, 운동수행에 따른 PL군과 CM군의 피로물질 축적이 부분적으로 감소됨을 보였으며, 지질과산화 생성량은 감소되었고, 항산화효소 활성은 향상됨을 나타냈다. 따라서, 목질진흙버섯과 동충하초는 임상치료 목적의 약리작용 뿐만 아니라, 운동 시 에너지 동원과 피로물질 제거, 그리고 조직의 항산화 방어 역량 향상에 효과가 있다고 사료된다.

서울시 여자 중.고등학교 학생의 바지교복에 대한 착용실태 및 인식 (The perception of girls' middle & high school students in Seoul on the usage of trousers as school uniform)

  • 김성실;신혜원
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2010
  • 바지교복의 활성화를 위하여 서울시 여자 중고등학교 학생들의 바지교복 착용현황과 바지교복에 대한 인식을 살펴보았다. 하의교복으로 동복과 하복 모두 '스커트만 착용'이 가장 많았으며, '바지만 착용'은 하복보다 동복에서 높게 나타났다. 스커트를 착용하는 이유는 동복과 하복 모두 '다수의 친구들이 스커트를 입어서'가 가장 많았고, 하복의 경우 '바지교복이 없어서'가 그 다음으로 높게 나타났다. 바지교복은 동복은 '온도변화에 대처할 수 있어서', 하복은 '활동이 편리해서' 주로 입는 것으로 나타났다. 바지교복 착용에 대해서는 대체로 만족하고 있었다. 그러나 바지교복 디자인과 색상에 대해서는 만족하지 못하였으며, '바지통이 좁은 스타일'과 '스트레이트 스타일'의 디자인을 선호하고, 색상은 동복과 하복 모두 검정색, 다음으로 베이지와 청색계열을 선호하였다. 여학생들은 바지교복의 필요성에 대해 전체적으로 낮게 인식하고 있었다. 동복과 하복 모두 바지를 착용하는 집단은 필요성을 높게, 스커트만 착용하는 집단은 낮게 인식하였다. 바지교복은 추위에 견디기 좋으며 활동하기에 편하지만 외모를 돋보이게 하거나 개성을 잘 표현할 수 있지 않다고 인식하였다. 바지를 착용하는 집단은 스커트만 착용하는 집단보다 바지교복이 옷차림에 신경을 떨 쓰게 하고, 방과 후에 입고 다니기 좋다고 하였다. 바지교복에 대한 개선방안으로 디자인과 색상의 개선, 기능성의 증가, 홍보의 필요성 등이 나타났다.

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의사의 커뮤니케이션 스타일이 환자만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (The Impact of Doctors' Communication Styles on Patient Satisfaction: Empirical Examination)

  • 서판수
    • 한국병원경영학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.57-101
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    • 2002
  • These days, the environment of hospital marketing is changing rapidly. The level of expectation and demand of patients have become greater and more diversified, and patients have more alternatives in selecting hospitals. The standard of hospital selection and the type of using hospital have been changed, and competition among hospitals has been accelerated due to the opening of the medical market through globalization. Accordingly, differentiation strategies are critical in hospital marketing. The quality of medical service oriented toward patient satisfaction becomes a strong strategic weapon to secure a hospital's competitive advantage. Therefore, marketing and communication strategies should be focused on patient-oriented, rather than hospital-oriented. Considering the changes in the hospital environment and the increase in the patients' expectation level, this study categorizes doctors' communication styles into four different ones: trust-type, professional-type, cooperation-type, and control-type. The effects of these communication styles on patient satisfaction were empirically examined. The moderating roles of the patient's characteristics and clinical characteristics between the doctors' communication styles and patient satisfaction were also investigated to find out managerial implications for hospital management. To achieve such goals, data were collected from patients of 12 general hospitals in Busan. The data were analyzed to test research hypotheses that examine 1) the relationships between doctors' communication styles and patient satisfaction, 2) the moderating roles of the patient characteristics and clinical characteristics in the research model, and 3) the impact of patient satisfaction on positive word-of-mouth and repurchase. The following summarizes the major results of this research. First, the data showed that patient satisfaction varied across doctors' communication styles. Trust-type style had the strongest impact on patient satisfaction while control-type style had the weakest influence on patient satisfaction. Professional-type style and cooperation-type style also had positive effects on patient satisfaction but the impact of the two are not statistically different. Second, significant differences in terms of patient satisfaction were found depending upon demographic variables such as gender, marital status, age, occupation, and education. Patient satisfaction, however, was consistent across varying income groups. Third, patients' medical insurance types were also related to patient satisfaction. It implies that a doctor may need to use different communication styles depending on a patient's medical insurance type. Fourth, out-patient and in-patient showed a different level of satisfaction with varying communication styles. Fifth, highly professional knowledge and strong control can influence patient satisfaction depending on the characteristics of the patient treatment field. Sixth, patient satisfaction were proved to have significantly positive effects on word-of-mouth and repurchase. The implications drawn from this study must be tempered by its limitations. First of all, the subjects used in this study were patients in Busan and small- and medium-size hospitals were excluded from the research. Therefore, future research should examine the research model by using a variety of hospitals and clinics throughout Korea. Another research agenda has to do with finding more determinant and moderating variables which will increase an explanatory power of the model. In short, this study may be the first empirical research that investigates the effects of doctors' communication styles on patient satisfaction. Interestingly enough, the results showed that each communication style had a unique impact on patient satisfaction. The findings from this research can be very useful in developing hospital marketing strategies.

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가족생활 교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초연구(II)-부부교육을 중심으로- (A Study on The Family Life Education(II) -special Reference to marital life education-)

  • 오윤자
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.209-229
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this study is to develop Family Life Education program for Marital education in Korea. In order to realize the about research purpose, this study is divided into three sections. First, nature conception and contents f Family Life Education, second, patterns and models for Family Life Education Program in USA and Korea, and Third, the future of Family Life Education. Family Life Education (FLE) is an education originated in reaction to changing social conditions, industrialization and urbanization, it deals with the perceived inadequacies of families to cope with these changes, thereby reduction social problems involved with, and improving family life. With and assumption that the studies about FLE have not been so active in Korea, the present thesis examines the FLE in Korea. The necessity of marital education in Korea Is based upon the theories of FLE in the United States of America. Also, it atempts to formulate a tentative plan for the promotion of a FLE program in Korea. The concept of FLE in Korea was manifested in the social educational law and life-span education. specified as 4th among ten presidential regulations. It is defined as " the Life-span developmental education to enhance the quality of human life, to solve family problems, to develop an individual's potentiality and to strengthen the family relations. of the FLE programs, the marital education is considered one of the furcial wubjects becaused it is the core of the family life. With this premise, FLE tries to wupport the healthy mrital relations. subsequently helping to explore the family potentiality and to strengthen family ties. The objects of the FLE program are unmarried, pre-marred , and married persons. For the married persons, the FLE program should be arranged in accordance with their rrital status divided by the family life cycle so that they may prevent possible family problems at each stage of the family life. Also, to prevent the problems occurred in the course of carrying out family functions, the FLE program should be provided with on the basis of a family unit, thereby improving the quality of the family functions. The FLE is to hep persons begin smoothly the adaption process for a successful marital relations. For the FLE to be practised more widely systematically, research on family education--that is basic study, research and production and evaluation or the FLE to be carried out by research institute wholly responsible for it-- should be done first.

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프로젝트 일정 단축을 위한 새로운 경영 패러다임 Critical Chain Project Management(CCPM) (Critical Chain Project Management as a New Paradigm for Reducing the Project Delivery Time)

  • 장성용
    • 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.68-74
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    • 2007
  • CCPM(Critical Chain Project Management)은 기존의 사업관리 방법론인 PERT/CPM의 장점을 살리고 단점을 보완한 것으로서 각 과업의 예상 작업시간을 여유시간(padding)을 제거한 평균작업시간을 사용하고 핵심자원(Bottleneck)의 자원경합을 해소한 후 크리티컬 체인을 결정하고 일정계획을 수립하되, 각 과업의 여유시간의 일정 부분을 크리티컬 체인의 뒤에 공통의 프로젝트 버퍼(buffer)로 두어 일정관리 상의 변동을 흡수할 수 있도록 고안되었다. 또한 크리티컬체인에 포함되지 않은 비크리티컬 체인에 속한 과업들이 전체 일정의 지연을 초래하는 것을 방지하기 위해 공급버퍼를 두어 변동을 흡수할 수 있도록 하였으며, 자원의 조달 상의 불확실성을 완화하기 위해 자원 버퍼를 두고 있다. 프로젝트 버퍼 빛 공급 버퍼 관리를 통해 일상적인 일반변동 요인(common cause variation)에 일정 지연 흡수뿐 아니라 특별변동 요인(special cause variation)에 의한 위험의 관리 및 완화가 가능하도록 되어 있다. 프로젝트 버퍼 및 공급버퍼의 크기는 일반적으로 해당 체인의 전체 길이 1/2을 사용한다. 버퍼관리가 프로젝트 실행 및 통제 매커니즘으로 활용된다. 버퍼관리에서는 버퍼길이를 OK 영역, 주시 및 계획 영역 그리고 행동영역으로 나누고, 프로젝트 상태가 주시 및 계획 영역에 진힙하게 되면 위험상태에 대비해서 비상조치계획을 수립하며, 행동역역에 들어가게 되면 계획된 비상조치계획을 실행함으로써 일정지연을 만화하게 된다. CCPM에서는 작업자들은 자신의 작업을 최선을 다해 열심히 일하고 과업 종료시 즉시 프로젝트 책임자에게 보곰함으로써 후속 과업이 조기에 작업을 개시할 수 있는 릴레이경주 방식의 작업 메커니즘을 따르도록 요청받게 된다. 또한 일정 지연의 가장 큰 주범인 멀티태스킹 작업은 철저하게 금지되도록 관리한다.

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효율적인 지하지장물 이설을 위한 모범사례분석 및 SUE 적용에 관한 연구 (An Analysis of Best Practices for Efficient Utility Relocation and an Inquiry into the Applicability of SUE)

  • 이승현;백승호;태용호;안방률;박현용
    • 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.971-976
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    • 2007
  • 미국의 경우 지하지장물의 이설시 발생하는 시설물들의 손상, 간섭으로 인한 작업지연 등이 여전히 미국 건설업의 주요한 문제점 중 하나로 지적되고 있으며, 국내의 경우에도 전기, 통신, 가스, 상 ${\cdot}$ 하수도 등과 같은 지하지장물 이서에 따른 공기지연 및 추가비용 사례가 발생하고 있고, 이로 인해 발주자와 시공자간의 책임소재를 둘러싼 클레임의 제기가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 국내의 경우 지하지장물 이설과 관련 공기지연 및 설계변경 등에 따른 추가 공사비 발생 등에 대한 현황 파악조차 제대로 이루어지고 있지 못한 실정이며, 원인 및 파급효과 분석 등 문제해결을 위한 체계�Ю� 연구가 매우 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 미국의 FHWA, SHA 및 지하지장물 이설을 관리하는 유관 기관들의 모범사례 규명을 통한 최근 연구결과를 분석하여 보여줌과 동시에 FHWA가 제시한 문제해결 도구들 중에서 특히 신뢰성 있는 지하지장물의 위치 파악을 위한 SUE에 관한 기본적인 개념을 고찰하고, 국내 관련기술개발 현황 등을 살펴봄으로서, 향후 국내 건설업의 효율적인 지장물 이설작업을 위한 체계적인 연구를 제안하고자 한다.

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해상에서의 우발적 조우 시 신호 규칙(CUES)의 제한점과 개선을 위한 제언 (Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES): Its Limitation and Recommendations for Improvement)

  • 오동건
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권44호
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    • pp.323-351
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    • 2018
  • Adopted in Western Pacific Naval Symposium(WPNS) 2014, Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES) has been the most valuable output of WPNS history. Written and suggested by Australian Navy in 1999, the goal of CUES is to decrease the possibility of the naval conflict by establishing the code among international navies in the Western Pacific region. Facing many oppositions and requirement of People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) in WPNS 2012 and 2013, but it finally adopted in WPNS 2014, with many changes in detailed provisions. From then, navies in the Western Pacific region have followed CUES to prevent maritime conflicts in the region, CUES, however, sometimes does not work correctly. Contents of CUES is the mixture of the parts of Multinational Maritime Tactical Signal and Maneuvering Book(MTP) and International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972(CORLEGs). There are means of radio communications such as frequency and signals, instructions for maneuvering and so on. Thus, it is not a new document for the U.S. Navy and its allies, but it requires training to implicate at sea for navies other than U.S. allies, like PLAN. Lots of provisions in CUES were changed because of the opposition of PLAN, and CUES has many shortcomings and practical limitations. First, since CUES is non-legally binding, and there are no methods to force the naval assets on the sea to follow. Second, CUES is only applied to naval assets; naval ships - warships, naval auxiliaries, and submarines - and naval aircraft. Third, the geographical scope in CUES is not clear. Fourth, there is no provision for submerged submarines. Finally, CUES has no time-based framework or roadmap for training. In this regard, there would be six recommendations for improvement. First, CUES should be reviewed by WPNS or other international institutions, while keeping non-binding status so that WPNS could send signals to the navies which do not answer CUES on the sea. Second, the participation of Maritime Law Enforcements(MLEs) such as coast guard is inevitable. Third, navies would use full text of MTP rather than current CUES, which extracts some parts of MTP. Fourth, CUES needs provisions with respect to submerged submarines, which recognizes as offensive weapons themselves. Fifth, the geographic scope of CUES should be clear. Since there are some countries in which claim that a rock with a concrete structure is their territory, CUES should be applied on every sea including EEZ and territorial seas. Finally, the detailed training plan is required to implicate CUES at sea. Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) is a good exercise to train CUES, because almost all WPNS member countries except six countries are participating in RIMPAC. CUES is a meaningful document not only for navies but also for nation-states in the region. To prevent escalation of conflict in the region, potentially caused by an unplanned collision at sea, CUES should be applied more strictly. CUES will continue to be in subsequent WPNS and therefore continue to improve in the effectiveness as both an operational and diplomatic agreement.

17β-estradiol mediated effects on pluripotency transcription factors and differentiation capacity in mesenchymal stem cells derived porcine from newborns as steroid hormones non-functional donors

  • Lee, Won-Jae;Park, Ji-Sung;Lee, HyeonJeong;Lee, Seung-Chan;Lee, Jeong-Hyun;Ock, Sun-A;Rho, Gyu-Jin;Lee, Sung-Lim
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.209-220
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    • 2017
  • The estrogen-mediated effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a highly critical factor for the clinical application of MSCs. However, the present study is conducted on MSCs derived from adult donors, which have different physiological status with steroid hormonal changes. Therefore, we explores the important role of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) in MSCs derived from female and male newborn piglets (NF- and NM-pBMSCs), which are non-sexually matured donors with steroid hormones. The results revealed that in vitro treatment of MSCs with E2 improved cell proliferation, but the rates varied according to the gender of the newborn donors. Following in vitro treatment of newborn MSCs with E2, mRNA levels of Oct3/4 and Sox2 increased in both genders of MSCs and they may be correlated with both estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ ($ER{\alpha}$) and $ER{\beta}$ in NF-pBMSCs, but NM-pBMSCs were only correlated with $ER{\alpha}$. Moreover, E2-treated NF-pBMSCs decreased in ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity but no influence on NM-pBMSCs. In E2-mediated differentiation capacity, E2 induced an increase in the osteogenic and chondrogenic abilities of both pBMSCs, but adipogenic ability may increased only in NF-pBMSCs. These results demonstrate that E2 could affect both genders of newborn donor-derived MSCs, but the regulatory role of E2 varies depending on gender-dependent characteristics even though the original newborn donors had not been affected by functional steroid hormones.

OHIP-14를 이용한 일부 요양기관 노인들의 구강건강관련 삶의 질 (Evaluation of the qualite of life related to oral health among elderly people in some elderly care facilities by OHIP-14)

  • 장선희;최미혜
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.475-487
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : The growing elderly population and social changes have fueled a rapid increase in demand for elderly care facilities, but health care services for the elderly, especially oral health services, have long been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health care of elderly residents in elderly care facilities in an effort to provide some information on the elderly's oral health care and the development of dental care programs geared toward institutionalized elderly people. Methods : The subjects in this study were 230 elderly people who were in elderly care facilities in Jeolla Province. An individual interview was held, and they got a dental checkup. As for data analysis, t-test and ANOVA were utilized, and Scheffe post-hoc test was employed. Results : 1. In relation to the subfactors of the quality of life related to oral health, the elderly people investigated got a mean of 4.58, 4.47, 4.38, 4.09, 3.94, 3.91 and 3.76 respectively in activity disorder, mental disorder, social disorder, mental inconvenience, functional disorder, physical pain and physical disorder. 2. Concerning the overall quality of life related to oral health, there were statistically significant gaps in this aspect according to gender, age, presence or absence of systemic disorder, presence or absence of eating difficulties, subjective health status, subjective oral health state and oral health concern. 3. The presence or absence of root caries had a significant relationship to physical pain and social disorder among the subfactors of the OHIP-14, but that had nothing to do with functional disorder, mental inconvenience, physical disorder, mental disorder and activity disorder. Conclusions : The oral health indexes of the institutionalized elderly people in Jeolla Province were measured, and what factors affected the subfactors of oral health was checked. As a result, there appeared a close relation ship between oral health and the quality of life. Therefore effective oral health plans that cater to the elderly should be carried out to improve elderly people's quality of life related to oral health who stay in long-term elderly care facilities. In the future, prolonged research should be implemented from diverse angles for the sake of institutionalized elderly people.