• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2015

Korea now boasts a vastly forested landscape resulting from a successful forest restoration projects carried out in the past several decades. However, Korea's forest now face new challenges, such as the rapidly increasing mature forests, climate change, and various novel forest disturbances with both natural and anthropogenic causes. Considering the extensive spatial and temporal scale of the forests and the challenges it face, it is necessary to utilize a tool that can properly tackle the issues with such nature. This brings our attention to Forest Landscape Models, which have been actively developed and used to improve our understanding of how forests respond to a variety of changes and to satisfy the society's demand on forests and its ecosystem services. A large variety of Forest Landscape Models exist, with a wide spectrum of algorithms, various selections of ecological processes they simulate, and the spatial and temporal scale they utilize, so that any researcher may find a model that fits one's use. However, it is important to properly understand the properties of such models so that the right model is used and the results are aptly interpreted. In this study, we describe and characterize the various Forest Landscape Models based on their historical roots, lineages, and development, ecological characteristics, and computational aspects, and discuss how they can be classified and what limits should be recognized to assist in model selection and utilization.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.14 no.3 s.38
• /
• pp.349-361
• /
• 2006

New directions on rural policy have been discussed due to the domestic and international environmental changes such as the price degradation of agricultural products, maintenance of rural landscape, and so on. Development of amenity in rural areas has been come out as the one of new policy directions. Amenity defines as, in a very broad way, the public benefits accruing from the condition of a place, such as aesthetic beauty, clean air and water, or good street lighting. Amenity in rural area is referred as a resource with a potential possibility for development. Among them rural landscape is regarded as the one of major resources. In Jeju, particularly, stone wall retains the most esthetic landscape in rural regions. In addition, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism appointed stone wall as the one of important components in rural landscape and one of the 100 national historic symbols. Stone wall in Jeju has its intrinsic and real value and is widespread in rural regions. However, in spite of it's popularity, the landscape of stone wall has been degraded without any concerns and has been partly destroyed. Landscape of stonewall should be maintained and the depth of concerns and systematic management measures for protection should be discussed. In this sense, the purpose of this paper, first of all, is to examine the status of stone wall and to evaluate the landscape of stone wall in Jeju. GIS is used as an analysis tool. Several areas such as Hankyung, Namyeup, and so on in Jeju are selected as the case areas for this study.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2016

This study aims to find a direction for desirable space organization in future Korean kindergartens by analyzing the current status of space organization in Japanese kindergartens. This study includes comparisons and analyses of Korean and Japanese curricula, facility standards on the national level and standards of national subsidy, current numbers of kindergarteners and preschoolers, and changes in kindergarten facilities over the last 5 years. Six kindergartens each in Korea and Japan, which were constructed after 2011 or are recommended as being good in space organization and kindergarten planning, are selected. The contents of space organization analysis are 'entry and placement, outdoor space', 'space program,' and 'plan design and organization of unit space'. In conclusion, in terms of space organization, Korean and Japanese kindergartens are very similar to each other. However, Japanese kindergartens have more outdoor space about $9.75m^2$ and lot area about $11.89m^2$ than Korean kindergartens. The extra space was used to educate students in various contents regarding social network and physical activity. Furthermore, in Japan, special spaces such as "atelier classes" and "PTA" were used for various types of education. Based on the results of the study will be developed, such as specific models and guidelines for the improvement of facilities Korea kindergarten.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.81-108
• /
• 2008

Since the declaration made by UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on EEZs, The open seas of Northeast Asia, considerd as a convention area, needed new agreements in conformity with the changes brought by the introduction of the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) system. The Contracting Parties of these agreements set up their own EEZs, which extend certain ranges from their baselines, Fishing in the other party's EEZ is done based on mutual agreements, which take into account traditional fishing activity in the zones. Seperate fishries management systems, in accordance with the relevant legal status of the waters, are applied to individual overlapping areas: Middle Zone in the Bast Sea and the waters south of jeju Island, Interim Measure Zone in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the Transitional Zone in the Yellow Sea. They decided to conclude fisheries agreements as the provisional agreement under Article 74(3) of the UN Convention before the delimitations of the EEZs to avoid the territorial disputes. China and Japan concluded the Fishries Agreement in the November 1997, allowing each coastal State 52 mile EEZ. it was followed by Korea and Japan in September 1998, reaching a final compromise. And also Korea and China came to a satisfactary settlement in November 1998. Fisheries agreements have been established between the three North-east Asian States, the agreement are all bilateral. That implies inefficient resource management on the overlapping waters of the three states, especially on the East China Sea. The Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement and the China-Japan Fishery Agreement worked as governing rules in the North-east Asian seas before the establishment of EEZs (Exclusive Economic Zones). However the conclusion of the bilateral fishery agreements, Korea China and Japan have developed EEZs, and these three countries have competed for the exploitation of fisheries resources. Therefore, the issue of fisheries resource management was no longer a single countries' problem and emerged as a common issue facing these three countries. In recognition of the above-mentioned problem, it is needed for the construction of cooperative System fishery management in the North-east Asian seas. Therefore, cooperative measures should be establishied. The final goal of the construction of fisheries management cooperative system is to establish sustainable fisheries in the North-east Asian seas. However, there is a big difference in fisheries management tools, fishing gear, exploitation rate of species, etc. This implies that a careful approach should be taken in order to achieve the cooperative fisheries management among Korea, China and Japan. conclusionly, the Governments of Korea, China and Japan should complement three bilateral agreemens, and which they prepares to 'Fisheries Resource Restore Program' Between Korea, China and Japan in the adjacent waters south of Jeju Island.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2015

This study in A City was performed to target low-income families in NutriPlus Program, infants toddlers for parents' convergence education effects were analyzed. The subjects of the study was involved in parents' education level can be identified. During the same period before and after the evaluation of nutrition education to a total of 263 people were targeted. It is comprised of the infants of 61 and of the toddler 192. nutrition education, dietary life attitude of infants after the increase in the width of the scores were as follows : Less than high school group was $6.57{\pm}6.51$, Greater than college group was $4.57{\pm}6.09$ a, rather less than high school group showed a large increasing rate, which was statistically significant (p = 0.03). NutriPlus Program is growing due to low-income families to improve children's nutritional status and nutrition knowledge and dietary life attitude will have a positive impact on, part of convergence education. In addition, parents' education level, depending on, varied and effective nutritional education should be taken.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.51 no.7
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2014

To increase wireless capacity, the concurrent use of multiple wireless interfaces on different frequency bands, called aggregation, can be considered. In this paper, we focus on aggregation of multiple Wi-Fi interfaces with packet-level traffic spreading between the interfaces. Two aggregation schemes, link bonding and multipath TCP (MPTCP), are tested and compared in a dualband Wi-Fi radio system with their Linux implementation. Various test conditions such as traffic types, network delay, locations, interface failures and configuration parameters are considered. Experimental results show that aggregation increases throughput performance significantly over the use of a single interface. Link bonding achieves lower throughput than MPTCP due to duplicate TCP acknowledgements (ACKs) resulting from packet reordering and filtering such duplicate ACKs out is considered as a possible solution. However, link bonding is fast responsive to links' status changes such as a link failure. It is shown that different combinations of interface weights for packet spread in link bonding result in different throughput performance, envisioning a spatio-temporal adaptation of the weights. We also develop a mathematical model of power consumption and compare the power efficiency of the schemes applying different power consumption profiles.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.525-534
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Reduced glucose utilization in the main parts of the brain involved in memory is a major cause of Alzheimer's disease, in which ketone bodies are used as the only and effective alternative energy source of glucose. This study examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate and high-fat (LCHF) diet supplemented with a ketogenic nutrition drink on cognitive function and physical activity in the elderly at high risk for dementia. Methods: The participants of this study were 28 healthy elderly aged 60-91 years showing a high risk factor of dementia or whose Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score was less than 24 points. Over 3 weeks, the case group was given an LCHF diet with nutrition drinks consisting of a ketone/non-ketone ratio of 1.73:1, whereas the control group consumed well-balanced nutrition drinks while maintaining a normal diet. After 3 weeks, K-MMSE, body composition, urine ketone bodies, and physical ability were all evaluated. Results: Urine ketone bodies of all case group subjects were positive, and K-MMSE score was significantly elevated in the case group only (p=0.021). Weight and BMI were elevated in the control group only (p<0.05). Grip strength was elevated in all subjects (p<0.01), and measurements of gait speed and one leg balance were improved only in the case group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that adherence to the LCHF diet supplemented with a ketogenic drink could possibly influence cognitive and physical function in the elderly with a high risk factor for dementia. Further, we confirmed the applicability of this dietary intervention in the elderly based on its lack of any side effects or changes in nutritional status.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.280-295
• /
• 2013

This study analyzes the differences to examine which education is more effective for practical cooking skills. A survey was conducted on the 4 year university students majoring in culinary arts to examine the recognition levels of culinary practice education for the purpose of searching for an improvement plan for culinary education. The results are as follows. Seniors recognize the importance of learning theory, while the classes offered now are focusing on getting cooking certificates. The students approach cooking not only for eating food but also for the arts, showing increased interests in 'creative food' and 'fusion food.' In class, they feel the necessity of establishing a standard for a fair assessment and English skills for the globalization of food service. Hereupon this study recognizes the current state of culinary education service, draws factors which decide the quality of culinary arts education, and examines student satisfaction with theoretical education, practical education, assessment, and external education by using a factor analysis of twenty quality attributes. Through the development and application of various programs, operation of open practice classes and culinary organization reflecting social changes in learning courses, the culinary arts education is considered to be more vitalized. In this respect, this study introduces four measures which were designed to facilitate the education of highly-skilled human resources in the culinary field.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.185-200
• /
• 1998

The eldest son of the crown prince is very important social status next to the crown prince deciding fundamentals of a state in Chosun dynasty which laying stress royal authority. Accordingly, Chakbong(冊封) of the eldest son of the crown prince has been done independently like as Chakrei(冊禮) of the crown prince. The existig record of Chakrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince. The existing record of Charkrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince are Hyunjongwangseon(顯宗王世孫), Euisoseson(懿昭世孫), Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Hungjongwangseson(憲宗王世孫) of 4 books for Chakreidogameuigue(冊禮都監儀軌) being preserved in Kyujangkak(奎章閣). The transition of classified clothes are stated on Wangse sonchakreidogameuiguebanchado(王世孫冊禮都監儀軌班次圖) for Chakrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince. Its details are as below. Finally, there is no changes in constitution of the costume of the eldest son of the crown prince Chakrei(冊禮) called as Ssanggodong(雙童髮)·Gongjungchak(空頂 )·Ojangbok(五章服) on documentary records depsitefo no explanation of Banchado(班次圖). Secondly, The classified clothes of the eldes sion of the crown prince Hcakreibanchado(冊禮班次圖) are on . We have acknowledged that Kwanmo(冠帽) of Dangbukwanwon(堂部官院) has been changed from Heugrib(黑笠) to Samo(紗帽) since Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Euibok(衣服) from Chungpo(靑袍) to Nokdanryung(綠團領), the costume of Euijangsu(儀仗手) from Chunggun(靑巾) to Whangchorib(黃草笠) and changed again to Hongpimoja(紅皮帽子), Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). Also we know that Kwanmo(冠帽) of Kyogun(轎軍) has been changed to Pimoja(皮帽子) with high top, Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). The costume of Byulgam(別監) has been changed from Nokgun(綠巾) to Jogun( 巾), Nokpo(綠袍) changed to Pimoja(皮帽子) with high top, Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). The costume of Byulgam(別監) has been changed from Nokgun(綠巾) to Jogun( 巾), Nokpo(綠袍) changed to Hongpo(紅袍), that of Suri(書吏) changed from Chungeui(靑衣) to Huekeui(黑衣). Accordingly, the transition of costume color to red stands for the briliance. Thirdly, regarding the constitution of the eldest son of the crown prince Chakrei(冊禮), that of Euisoseson(懿昭世孫) & Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫) are same for Unggolta(態骨朶), Youngjagi(令字旗), Keumdungja(金 子), Eundungja(銀 子), Mojul( 節), Jaksun(雀扇), Chungkae(靑蓋), Chungyangsol(靑陽率). In case of Hunjongseson(懿昭世孫), Baktakgi(白澤旗) is added. On Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Chungilsol(靑日率) and Kiringi(麒麟旗) are added. However, we know that the constitution of the eldestson of the crown prince Hunjong(憲宗) Chakrei(冊禮) is quite different that of previous constitution. i.e. : Hongae(紅蓋), Baktakgi(白澤旗), Samkaggi(三角旗), Kagdangi(角端旗), Byukbonggi(碧鳳旗), Jujakgi(朱雀旗), Kuemdungja(金 子), Eundungja(銀 子), Eunribgwa(銀立瓜), Kuemhwanggwa(金 瓜), Eunhwhanggwa(銀 瓜), Kuemwolbu(金鉞斧), Bongsun(鳳扇), Huegkae(黑蓋). Also the kinds of Eujanggi(儀仗旗) are various which are similar to the constitution of The Crown Prince(世子) Chakrei(冊禮).

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.19 no.1 s.29
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2006

This study was aimed to explore the level of awareness of Korean teachers and college students towards sustainable development(SD) and education for sustainable development(ESD). A survey was conducted to understand the present status of awareness of SD and ESD among 317 college students and 625 teachers in Korea from April to May of 2005. The questionnaire included items asking whether they heard about terms such as sustainability or sustainable development, the source of information on SD, the level of understanding or the urgent task for SD in Korea. It also included questions about experiences in participating in or conducting ESD, the need for ESD, important areas in and the modality for ESD and the willingness to participate in ESD. The results showed that the level of awareness on SD among teachers was low compared to college students, who have a relatively high level of access on SD issues through textbooks and classes in high school. Interestingly, most of college students replied that they never received any ESD, even though they learned SD in class. Both the teacher and student group thought that tile priority of sustainable development should be an 'environment-related' area in the social, economical and environmental perspectives. Most of the students and teachers considered the concept of SD as 'pursuing the balance between environmental protection and economic development.' Some of the teachers recognized the concept of sustainable development in the paradigm of continuous economic development. Both groups responded that the urgent task related to sustainable development is 'environmental protection' and the 'reduction of poverty.' On the other hand, they had experiences in teaching related to natural resources, gender equity, health, human rights, climate changes and other SD issues in class, but not under the name of ESD. They also emphasized 'critical thinking and problem solving & decision-making' in education. Most of the students and teachers responded that it was needed to carry out ESD, and that the way of life for SD would be the priority. It is suggested that various pedagogy and modalities according to various target groups should be considered in providing ESD. It is necessary to use more effective strategies for ESD rather than just introducing the concept of SD. Also, it is needed to review the ESD practices of teachers and improve the quality of education within the scope of ESD.