• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.601-610
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• 2023

The comprehension of water-level behavior in rivers is essential for effective flood and river environmental management. The objective of this study is to propose a methodology that can be used by field engineers engaged in actual practice, to readily identify the characteristics of water-level behavior during flood events. To this end, a total of 45 historical water-level records from 2010 to 2022 year, which provide flood information for the flood vulnerable districts of the Han River, were obtained. A Water-level Rise Behavior Curve (WRBC) was developed and suggested to quantify the amount of water-level rise per unit time during flood. As a result, the water-level rises by more than 80% of the total rise within the first 6.2 hours, followed by a gradual rise. The time required to achieve a particular equilibrium varied depending on the area and runoff characteristics of the upstream. Furthermore, the study revealed that the WRBC provides a statistical representation of the water-level rise trend during floods, and can be effectively utilized for flood mitigation measures in waterfront spaces and irrigation facilities.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.279-289
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• 2022

Since the frequency of heavy rainfall is increasing due to climate change, water levels in the river exceed past historical records. The rating-curve is to convert water level into flow dicscharge from the regression analysis of the water level and corresponding flow discharges. However, the rating-curve involves many uncertainties because of the limited data especially when observed water level exceed past historical water levels. In order to compensate for insufficient data and increase the accuracy of flow discharge data, this study estimates the flow discharge in the river computed mathematically using Monte Carlo simulation based on a 1D hydrodynamic numerical model. Based on the existing rating curve, a random combination of coefficients constituting the rating-curve creates a number of virtual rating curve. From the computed results of the hydrodynamic model, it is possible to estimate flow discharge which reproduces best fit to the observed water level. Based on the statistical evaluation of these samples, a method for mathematically estimating the water level and flow discharge of all cross sections is porposed. The proposed methodology is applied to the junction of Yochoen Stream in the Seomjin River. As a result, it is confirmed that the water level reproducibility was greatly improved. Also, the water level and flow discharge can be calculated mathematically when the proposed method is applied.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Purpose - In recent years, research has been conducted on the conflict resolution strategies of the franchise headquarters and the franchisees, but there is a lack of research on the factors of conflict due to the intrinsic structure, such as interdependence or hierarchical relationship, and behavioral analysis to reduce the conflict. In this study, we analyze the relationship between satisfaction and trust formed in the process and result of the business, and the result of action to dissolution intention. Research design, data, methodology - For these purposes, the author developed the proposed model and several hypotheses. In this model, conflict resolution strategies consist of five dimensions such as avoiding, forcing, cooperating, obliging, and compromising strategy. And, this model proposed that onflict resolution strategies are antecedents of procedure quality, behaviour quality and dissolution intention are consequences of conflict resolution strategies. The data were collected from April 1 to April 15, 2013. Because this study examined franchise industries from the franchisee perspective, we contacted franchisee store owner and managers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Interviewers trained contacted a total of 483 franchisees, and 400 franchisees responded. Out of 400 respondents, 2 respondents were deleted due to missing information. Thus, a total of 398 franchisee were used for this study. he data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Results - The findings can be summarized as follows: First, franchisor conflict resolution activities have significant effects on procedure quality. Second, procedure quality has a significant effect on behavior quality. Finally, behavior quality has a significant effect on dissolution intention. Conclusions - In this study, we investigated the relationship between conflict resolution behavior, procedural quality, behavior quality and dissolution intention. As a result, the franchisers should strive to resolve conflicts not only in solving simple problems with franchisees, but also in a longer term perspective. We also found that the procedural aspects of resolving conflicts should not be ignored. If the trust and satisfaction of each other increase during the process of resolving the conflict, it will positively affect the satisfaction and trust in resolving the conflict. This is also because it serves to lower the intention of termination. However, there is a limitation that it is targeted only to the restaurant franchise, and it is necessary to study the conflict resolution behavior depending on the type of conflict.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

Purpose - In align with the increasing competition in both online and offline franchise markets caused by the increasing impact of social networking service, entrepreneurial passion(EP) of the franchise owners has crucial impact on the stakeholders. This study proposed the customer among stakeholders has the critical influence firm's success and examined the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion(EP) and trust, identification, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion(EP), trust, identification, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. More specifically, the EP were measured using three sub-dimensions such as EP-inventing(Perceived passion for inventing), EP-founding(Perceived passion for foundting), and EP-developing(Perceived passion for developing). In order to verify the research purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. Each item was measured on a 7 point Likert-scale anchored by '1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree'. The data were collected from 449 franchise consumers through online survey and were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. statistical program. Result - The results of this study are as follows. First, EP-inventing and EP-developing have significant impacts on corporate trust. Second, EP-founding does not have significant impact on corporate trust. Third, EP-inventing and EP-founding have significant impacts on consumer identification. Fourth, EP-developing does not have impact on identification directly, but does indirectly through corporate trust as a mediator. Fifth, corporate trust and identification have significant impacts on loyalty. Conclusions - This indicates that the foodservice franchise CEOs should continuously develop new menus and service to fulfill customer needs. EP-inventing of the food franchise CEOs may enhance customer trust for higher quality of product or service, and EP-developing can also be a driving force for customer trust as it embeds belief in customers that the franchise is sustainably developing. Also, food franchise CEOs should first clarify the support process for the existing brands before developing new ones. Customers tend to lead the trend by using brands that satisfy new trends in the foodservice franchise market, and it could have identification with the trend-setting franchise. Customers do not accept if a company is different from their personal image or norms. So the franchise CEOs must create identification with customers by building corporate trust. Corporate trust influences consumer behavior and emotion, thus the franchises need to secure trust by improving product or service continuously.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2017

Purpose - Recently, the food service franchise market is experiencing rapid growth and competition is intensifying. Therefore, consumer choice has expanded, and reputation management has become important as a strategy for survival of corporations. Based on previous studies, this research proposed the theoretical framework about the structural relationships among reputation, trust(cognitive trust, affective trust), and loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined the structural relationship between reputation, trust, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. Based on comprehensive validation procedures across nine food service Franchise firm types, This study found support for a five-dimensional scale with the following dimensions: Customer Orientation, Employer Brand, Reliable and Financially Strong Company, Product and Service Quality, and Social and Environmental Responsibility. In order to verify the research purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 227 food service franchise consumers through online survey. The data was analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, customer orientation, reliable·financially strong company and product·service quality have significant impact on corporate cognitive trust. And employer brand, product/service quality and social·environmental responsibility have significant impact on corporate affective trust. Second, cognitive trust and affective trust have significant impacts on consumer loyalty. Conclusions - The implications of this study are following as: From the theoretical perspective, this study considers trust as two dimensions such as cognitive and affective, not a single dimension, and identify what dimensions of franchise firms affect consumers' reputation perception and in turn lead cognitive and affective trust, and loyalty. This study also provides several managerial implications. In the franchise market where competition is intensifying, it is very important to analyze the attitudes of consumers in order to gain an advantage in competition with other competitors. In this study, it is meaningful that the study was conducted on consumers who have experience using a restaurant franchise company. Also, reputation is necessary to pay attention to the company because it is an important variable that strengthens with customer through confidence in food service franchise business, and leads loyalty and consumer consumption. Therefore, marketers should develop marketing strategies considering various reputation factors.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

Purpose - In recent years, research has been conducted on the conflict resolution strategies of the franchise headquarters and the franchisees, but there is a lack of research on how the power structure and cultural factors play a role in resolving conflicts. From this perspective, this study is to examine the structural relationship between franchisors' cultural orientation and relationship power, and conflict resolution strategies, relationship trust, and relationship performance using. The findings of this study suggest how franchise headquarters should establish long-term relationship with franchisees and share information. Research design, data, methodology - The data were collected from April 1 to April 15, 2013. Because this study examined franchise industries from the franchisee perspective, we contacted franchisee store owner and managers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Interviewers trained contacted a total of 200 franchisees, and 196 franchisees responded. Out of 196 respondents, 13 respondents were deleted due to missing information. Thus, a total of 183 franchisee were used for this study. he data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Results - The results showed that cooperation orientation and relational power of franchisor had significant effects on conflict resolution strategies. Cooperating, obliging, and compromising strategies of conflict resolution strategy had significant effects on relationship trust. Also, relationship trust had significant effect on relationship performance. Conclusions - This study shows that the franchise headquarters and the franchisees share necessary information for common purposes and that continuous two-way communications play an important role in resolving conflicts. In other words, the result of this study suggests that if the franchise headquarters and the franchisee actively consider the position of the other party and strive to achieve the goal, conflict resolution may be more successful. In order to do this, the franchise headquarters will have to consider how to build and maintain continuous communication with the franchisees, and continuous education is also needed so that employees can have a cooperative attitude. However, since the culture of these organizations is not made up of simple staff training and is not formed within a short time, the CEO of the franchisee headquarters should take the lead in establishing a cooperative culture with the merchants over the long term.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2017

Purpose - Recently, entrepreneurship education has been revitalized with interest in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education is an educational service activity that is provided for entrepreneurship and individual start-up success within a certain period of time. According to previous studies on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship, the satisfaction of entrepreneurship education affects entrepreneurship and as a result increases entrepreneurship. In recent years, the number of female entrepreneurs has also increased as the number of entrepreneurial issues has increased. Based on previous studies, this research proposed the theoretical framework about the structural relationships among mentoring quality (career development, psychological social, role modeling), education satisfaction, recommendation intention and entrepreneurial intention. This study is to find out the possibility of attempting to create a theoretical basis for entrepreneurial mentoring education in entrepreneurship education program. Research design, data, and methodology - In this model, mentoring quality consists of three sub-dimensions such as career development, psychological social, and role modeling. In order to test research model and hypotheses, the data were collected from 203 female college students who participated in entrepreneurial education. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical program. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, role modeling has a positive effect on recommendation intention and entrepreneurial intention. Second, career development has a strong negative effect on the entrepreneurial intention. Third, career development and role modeling had a positive effect on educational satisfaction, and educational satisfaction had positive influence on recommendation intention and entrepreneurial intention. Conclusions - As women's social advancement becomes more active, start-up support programs including entrepreneurship mentoring are increasing. The results of this study suggest how to use the mentoring program mix and how to allocate the resources for the education program when the entrepreneurial education manager plans and executes the mentoring education program. For example, this study shows that career development and role modeling enhance educational satisfaction, and in turn increase recommendation intention and entrepreneurial intention. This means that entrepreneurship education should consist of contents that include career development functions such as sponsorship, guidance, protection, and provision of challenging work. In addition, the findings of this study indicate that mentors should perform the function of allowing the participants to have confidence and professional thinking ability at the time of start up based on their experiences.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5B
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• pp.419-427
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• 2009

In existing studies about benefit of water quality improvement using WTP, the object of survey is described pre-policy water quality as "current water quality" and improved (post-policy) water quality as "boatable, fishable and swimmable". Multiply WTP by the number of households of basin is total benefit. The existing studies are not benefit of a specific water resource business but benefit of a policy on unsubstantial water resource business. Because of a lack of objectivity and oversimplification, it is difficult for survey respondents to understand an object of survey. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a benefit estimation methodology for raw water quality improvement in water resource development business. After conducting a survey of WTP of 1,000 housewives who is using water service in the National Capital region, the relational expression of water quality improvement (BOD) and WTP is derived by using statistical analysis of the survey. As a case study, the stream water quality improvement benefit of Song Li Won multipurpose dam was evaluated, which is planned to be built at the local secondary stream section on Nae Sung stream in Nak-Dong River system. As a result of study, annual average benefit evaluation is 5,980 million won on the average annual planned discharge, 8,663 million won on the planned discharge during the period except for wet season (July to October), 11,905 million won on the planned discharge during water quality declining period and 14,502 million won on the planned discharge during water quality declining period respectively. By using the relational expression of BOD-WTP, it is easy to estimate the benefit without regard for water quality.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5D
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• pp.443-451
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• 2010

This paper proposes the methodology about advisory safety speed based on real-time vehicular data collected from highway. The proposed model is useful information to drivers by appling seamless wireless communication and being collected from ECU(Engine Control Unit) equipment in every vehicle. Furthermore, this model also permits the use of realtime sensing data like as adverse weather and road-surface data. Here, the advisory safety speed is defined "the safety speed for drivers considering the time-dependent traffic condition and road-surface state parameter at uniform section", and the advisory safety speed model is developed by considering the parameters: inter-vehicles safe stopping distance, statistical vehicle speed, and real-time road-surface data. This model is evaluated by using the simulation technique for exploring the relationships between advisory safety speed and the dependent parameters like as traffic parameters(smooth condition and traffic jam), incident parameters(no-accident and accident) and road-surface parameters(dry, wet, snow). A simulation's results based on 12 scenarios show significant relationships and trends between 3 parameters and advisory safety speed. This model suggests that the advisory safety speed has more higher than average travel speed and is changeable by changing real-time incident states and road-surface states. The purpose of the research is to prove the new safety related services which are applicable in SMART Highway as traffic and IT convergence technology.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.489-511
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• 2009

While late-life suicide has been increasing and become an important issue for public health in Korea, little is known about the phenomenon and its contributing risk factors based on which effective preventive measures can be made. Since suicidal ideation is a major precursor to attempted and completed suicide, the objective of the present study was to reveal primary contributors to suicidal ideation. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of 247 community-dwelling Korean older adults (age≥60) in the mid-size city in Korea. The statistical methodology employed a robust hierarchical regression procedure that iteratively downweights outliers. Based on the stress-diathesis model, the study examined major diathesis and stressors directly explaining suicidal ideation. The study also explored the significant interaction among these factors. The findings revealed that living alone and depression were significant main antecedents of suicidal ideation. In addition, neuroticism X life events and neuroticism X depression were significant interaction terms with the strongest explanatory power, which provides an empirical evidence to support the stress-diathesis model in explaining suicidal phenomenon of the Korean elderly. The result demonstrates the theoretical implication as well as the practical implication for developing and implementing late-life suicide prevention strategies. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.