• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the virtual reality-based squat and conventional squat exercise. Methods : Twenty four participants were randomly assigned to the virtual reality-based squat (VRS) group (n=12) or conventional squat (CS) group (n=12). The static balance (C90 area, C90 angle, trace length, sway average velocity) and dynamic balance (forward, rearward, leftward, rightward) were measured using a force plate by BT4. The VRS group used the virtual reality system during 4 weeks, while the CS group underwent classical squat training. Independent t-test was used to test the homogeneity of the general characteristics of the subjects. The collected data was analyzed using the paired t-test for static and dynamic balance comparisons before and after exercise in both groups and Pearson's test for the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the measured time. The significance level was set to 0.05. Results : There was no significant correlation between group and static and dynamic balance related variables (p>.05). There was a significant correlation between measurement time and static and dynamic balance related variables (p<.05). According to the measurement time, the static balance parameter C90 area in the VRS group after exercise was significantly decreased (p<.05). The values of forward, leftward and rightward in the VRS group were significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : It is suggested that 20 normal healthy adult men and women who have normal balance ability can improve their ability to control their posture by improving the balance ability when applying virtual reality-based squat exercise.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.172-180
• /
• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of squat exercises using elastic bands of ballet dancers on muscle activity, arabesque angle, and static balance of ballet dancers during arabesque posture. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 25young female ballet dancer svoluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomized to the elastic resistance squat group(n₁=13) and body squat group(n₂=12). The squats exercise was applied to a total of 12 exercises per four weeks and consisted of 15 times per one set in one to two weeks, 4 sets in three to four weeks. All subjects were evaluated muscle activity, arabesque angle, and static balance during arabesque posture at before-after intervention. All participants were measured muscle activity, arabesque angle, and static balance during arabesque posture at before-after intervention. Results: Elastic resistance squat group and body groups showed a significant increase in the muscle activity, angle, and static balance ability during arabesque posture(p<0.05). In the comparison between the groups, the elastic resistance squat group showed a significant increase in muscle strength, angle, and static balance during arabesque posture (p<0.05). The results showed that the elastic resistance squat exercise was more increased than the body squat exercise in all variables (p<0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, when planning a training program for a ballet dancer, the elastic resistance squat movement can be applied as an exercise method to improve the muscular performance and balance ability of the ballet dancer.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2004

Most exercise for Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). Although open chain knee extension exercises are effective for increasing overall quadriceps strength, they are not always indicated for PFPS rehabilitation. This study was designed to identify the effect of combined posture of lower extremity on Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and VMO during static squat exercises. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury and their Q-angle was within a normal range. They were asked to perform static squat exercises in five various postures using their lower extremities. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in five exercises by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the five postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that exercise 3 and exercise 5 produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios than exercise 1 (p<.05). When the static squat exercise was combined with hip adduction and toes pointed outwardly, the EMG activity of VMO/VL rates was increased. The EMG activity of VMO/VL ratio was highest during static squat exercises performed on a decline squat. These results haveimportant implications for progressive and selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of visual feedback squat exercise on the young adults with Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: The subjects of this study were 22 female and 8 male who were equally and randomly allocated to a visual feedback exercise group (VSEG), an experimental group, and squat exercise group (SEG), a control group. Both did so for 30 minutes three times per week over a six-week period. Using Dartfish, their static Q-angle (SQA) and dynamic Q-angle (DQA) were evaluated. Results: The static Q-angle was significantly reduced in both groups of VSEG and SEG and in the comparison of difference values before and after exercise between groups, VSEG had more significant effect than SEG but in the comparison of the effects of dynamic Q-angle both VSEG and SEG had significant effects and in the comparison of difference values before and after exercise between groups, VSEG had more significant effect than SEG. Conclusion: Visual feedback squat exercise may be applied as a method to correct the lower extremity alignment with PFPS.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.63-78
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE : This study aims to investigate the positive correlation in pre-post test design between squat exercise on different baseform and the static/dynamic balance ability enhancement in adults. METHOD : This clinical study was designed into three different random-sampling adult groups (flat, balanced, vibration exercise device) and performed squat exercise. The static/dynamic balance ability was measured prior to the intervention and vice-versa. Balance was examined using the balance master 7.0 version systems. RESULT : 1) After the intervention, the controlled mat group in mCTSIB has showned the minimal mean value and the variation regards as acceptable by statistic value. 2) After the intervention, The mean value of LOS shows the minimal average variation in Randomised Trials, but the other two trials shows the maximal fluctuation. The difference variation regards as acceptable statistic value. 3)After the intervention, the mean value of mat group measrued as the maximal results, the difference variation regards as acceptable statistic value. 4)The striking correlation difference at mCTSIB has found in the vibration device exercise group, but LOS and Rhythmic W-S showed the correaltion in Mat group. CONCLUSION : The study found the positive correlation that enhanced balance ability on the different dynamic baseform squat exercise than static baseform environment. The significant difference found the balance pad squat effects on developing balance ability and the correlationship regards as statistically significant value.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Reformer and Chair Pilates exercise on static and dynamic lower limb alignment for healthy female adults. Method: Ten healthy young female adults without musculoskeletal injury history in last 6 months (Age: 29.3 ± 3.5 yrs., Height: 165 ± 3.4 cm, Body mass: 58.2 ± 5.4 kg) participated in this study. All participants asked to join the 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Reformer and Chair Pilates exercise, and the program was conducted for 60 minutes twice a week. Participants were asked to be measure a static Q-angle and performed free squat one week before and after the program. A 3-D motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 5 channels of EMG was executed in this study. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated by paired t-test, and the significance level was set at .05. Results: A significantly decreased in internal rotation angles was found at hip joint during free squat after the training. Also, significantly decreased in lateral rotation angles were found at knee and ankle joint during free squat after training. Finally, significantly decreased in muscle activations were found at adductor longus and peroneus longus during free squat after training. Conclusion: From results of our study, it is concluded that an 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Pilates exercise positively effect on lower limb alignment during dynamic movement.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wall squat exercise according to the difference in the support surface on the thickness change of external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominalis of the trunk muscles and the change in distance of center of pressure when the eyes are opened and closed. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects were 26 healthy adults, 18 males and 8 females. The composition of each group using the single-blind method was 13 people in the unstable side wall squat exercise group and 13 people in the stable side wall squat exercise group. Experimental measurements were divided into before, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after the experiment, and changes in muscle thickness and balance were confirmed. Muscle thickness was measured using ultrasinic, and static balance change was measured using Bio-rescue. Results: There were significant differences in the thickness changes of external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominalis according to the wall squat exercise method by period and in the interaction between the period and the group (p<0.05). As a result of the post-hoc analysis, there was a significant difference in the change between the two groups in external oblique muscle after 6 weeks. And there was a significant difference in the distance of the pressure center between eyes open and closed eyes (p<0.05). Conclusion: In terms of instability, wall squat exercise was positive for changes in trunk muscle thickness. It suggests the possibility of using it for trunk muscle strengthening training in the future.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 넙다리네갈래근 중 안쪽빗넓은근과 가쪽넓은근의 강화를 위해 효과적인 스쿼트 운동자세를 제시하는 데 있다. 연구대상자는 무릎넙다리통증증후군이 있는 20명의 환자로 본 연구에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 대상자들은 무릎관절 굽힘 각도 $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ 자세에서 정적인 스쿼트 융합운동을 30초 동안 총 5회 실시하였다. 측정변수는 넙다리네갈래근의 최대 수의적 등척성 수축력(MVIC), 넙다리네갈래근 각(Q 각)과 넙다리 둘레이며, 무릎관절 자세에 따라 스쿼트 운동 전후로 측정되었으며 그 변화률을 통계분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 넙다리네갈래근의 무릎관절 각도별 MVIC 변화율은 $90^{\circ}$ 무릎관절 굽힘에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<.05), Q 각과 넙다리 둘레의 변화율엔 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 따라서 무릎통증증후군 환자의 넙다리네갈래근의 강화를 위해서 무릎관절 $90^{\circ}$ 굽힘된 스쿼트 자세가 효과적임을 제시한다.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of four weeks of gaze stabilization exercises and balance training on the static and dynamic balance functions. METHODS: The study was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted at Daegu University in South Korea. Thirty subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected and divided randomly into three groups containing ten each. The first group received balance exercises with gaze stabilizing exercises (BGG). The second group received a balance exercise (BEG), and the third group received gaze-stabilizing exercise (GEG). Each group exercised for 40 minutes, three times a week for four weeks. The subjects were asked to complete the following static balance test: 1) one-leg standing test, 2) sharpened Romberg test, dynamic balance test, 3) Y-balance test, and 4) single-leg stand-squat-stand test. The static and dynamic balance were measured before and after four weeks to determine the effect of exercise on balance. RESULTS: The static (OLS and SRT) and dynamic (YBT and SST) balance tests showed significant differences in the surface and length of the three groups (p < .05), and the y-balance score effect size, 11.477 (p < .05), was improved significantly. On the other hand, the change in BGG value was larger than those of BEG and GEG, and the improvements in balance control were the most significant. CONCLUSION: After four weeks of exercise, BGG showed the best improvement in static and dynamic balance, suggesting that this specific type of gaze stabilization exercise with balance exercise may benefit healthy young adults.

• 국제물리치료학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.2244-2252
• /
• 2020

Background: Thera-Band, Narrow squats, Kinesiology taping helps in the reduction of loading on the knee joints. Despite the fact that the varus knee negatively affects the alignment of the lower extremities, most of the studies have analyzed each independently. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a complex exercise program consisting of elastic band exercises and squat exercises on the distance between the inner knees and balance in young adults with genu varum. Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods: The complex exercise group performed resistance exercises using an elastic band. The taping group used kinesiology tape on the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. To select those to be included in the study, we measured the distance between the knees using digital Vernier calipers and to measure the balance ability, we used a balance training system. The data were analyzed with the independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: The study indicated a significant difference in the distance between the knees between the two groups, but no significant differences in the dynamic balance between the groups. Also, the static balance comparison between the groups according to the intervention method included the trace length, C90 area, C90 angle and velocity. There were no significant differences in the static balance between the groups. In addition, the complex exercise program was more effective than taping. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the complex exercise program and taping decrease the between both the knee and increase the balance.