• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in Korea has been used to improve environmental conservation and decision-making. Since environmental impact statement(EIS) was introduced in 1981 with the promulgation of the Environmental Preservation Act in 1977, which replaced the Pollution Control Act legislated in 1963. With a rapid growth of environmental perception as well as the diversification of development activities, however, it has recently bring about a strong demand for a new assessment process related to the strategic level of policies, plan, programs. Method of this study includes analyses of the situation of local EIA and its problematic issues through survey and analysis of information and data, analysis of the level of environmental awareness of professionals and case studies including analysis of foreign strategic environmental assessment. Accordingly, I have elicited a concept of SEA. In addition, I have studied on costs of environmental assessment, and efficiency of internalization of HIA. The survey was carried between September and November 2003, and 177 professionals were asks to complete a questionnaire. As a result of questionnaire survey of environmental pundits, it revealed that 83.8% of participants were in favor of introduction of strategic assessment. This result demonstrated more or less higher approval rate than those of awareness survey done by the Ministry of Environment, i.e. 86.0% ayes, and 14.0% nays. 22.8% of participants agreed to the opinion; "For introduction of this system, earlier is better," 50% reported having an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems," 26.3% reported having an opinion such as, "Let's decide the time for introduction of this system after correcting problems first,' and 0.9% reported having an opinion, "it's too early to introduce this system." Specifically, the ratio of ayes on introduction of the system marked 72.8%, and it revealed that a majority of respondents have an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems." As means of solutions for the problem regarding the limits of applications that existed in SEA System, factors, such as collecting a wide variety of opinions, securing experts, and faithful implementation, etc. were reported important, and in addition to these factors, respondents revealed having opinions such as, consistent research and development, reflection of public interest, establishment of professional organization, enforcement of after-management service, expanding investments in large, systemizing reference materials, and encouraging public participation, etc. To improve problems involving with present EIA system, it has been identified through this study that SEA is efficient and useful. In order to have SEA introduced successfully, it has been cleared that internalization of effectiveness of environmental cost together with HIA must be accomplished.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2020

최근 미 연준이 정책금리 인하를 결정하면서 향후 통화정책 운용방향에 관해 관심이 고조되고 있다. 과거 금리동결 시점이나 동결기간 중, 그리고 인상이나 인하 시점이 다가왔을 때 통화정책 의결문의 표현을 살펴보면 단어 선택의 변화 등을 통해 시장과 꾸준하게 커뮤니케이션해 왔었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 하지만 이렇게 의결문의 표현을 문맥을 통해 분석하는 방법이 다소 주관적이고 정성적인 분석에 그칠 수 있다는 비판이 있다. 이런 점을 고려하여 Woo와 Chang (2016)에서는 데이터마이닝 기법 중 하나인 텍스트마이닝 방법을 통해 의결문 분석 과정을 보완할 수 있는 방법을 제안한 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 선행 연구 결과를 토대로 미 연준의 통화정책 의결문의 정책 시그널링 효과를 평가해 보았다. 의결문의 특성을 텍스트마이닝 관점에서 분석하고 의결문 간 표현의 변화를 포착하여 향후 정책 기조 변화를 예측하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대표적인 데이터마이닝 기법인 의사결정나무모형과 신경망모형을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 대체로 의결문 간 비유사성의 변화가 향후 정책 변화를 효과적으로 예측할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었으며, 그동안 미 연준이 의결문을 통해 체계적으로 정책 시그널링을 실시해 온 결과로 판단할 수 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2005

Statement of problem. As the effects of the various diameters of fixture and abutment screw on stress distribution was not yet examined, this study focused on the different design of single implant restoration using three dimensional finite element analysis. Purpose. This study was to compare five different fixture-abutment combinations for single implant supported restorations with different fixture and abutment screw diameters. Material of methods. The five kinds of finite element models were designed by 3 diameter fixtures ($\oslash$3.3, 3.75, 5.0 mm) with 3 different abutment screws $\oslash$1.5, 1.7, 2.0 mm). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using UCLA abutment according to Wheeler's anatomy. 244 N was applied at the central fossa with two different loading directions, vertically and obliquely (30$^{\circ}$) and at the buccal cusp vertically. Maximum von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, crowns, fixtures, and abutment screws. Results. 1. The stresses in supporting bone and implant-abutment structure under oblique loading were greater than those under vertical or offset loading. The stresses under vertical loading were the least among 3 loading conditions regardless of the implant and abutment screw diameters. 2. The stresses in the narrow implants were greater than the wider implants. The narrow implant with narrow abutment screw showed highest stresses in the lingual crest, but the narrow implant with standard abutment screw showed highest stress in abutment screw. 3. The stresses of abutment screws were influenced by the diameter of fixtures and loading conditions. The wide implants showed least difference between two different abutment screw diameters. Conclusions. The wide implants showed lesser stresses than the narrow implants and affected least by the different abutment screw diameters. The narrow implants with standard abutment screw showed highest stresses in the lingual bony crest under oblique loading.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.671-683
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• 2005

Statement of problem: The most commonly reported problem associated with dental implant restoration is the loosening of the screws. Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of an implant system incorporating an anti-rotational locking sleeve(Anti-Rotating Inner Post Screw System(ARIPS-system)) with other, traditional implant systems as a means of minimizing vibration loosening. Materials and methods: Three implant systems were examined; the conventional external hex type, the ARIPS-system, and the internal taper type implant system 30 specimens(10 samples per group)were fabricated and each abutment screw was secured to the implant future with 32Ncm of torque force and loosening torque was measured using a Torque Gauge. The procedure was repeated 3 times, recording initial loosening torque each time. The re-tightened abutment screw was subjected to a cyclic load having a maximum forte of 200N and minimum of 20N at 2Hz over a period of 12,600 cycles. after which the loosening torque was measured. Measured values were calaulated for statistical analysis. Analysis of measured value was performed by 3 methods: (i) as a percentage average of the initial 3 loosening-torque values(initial loosening value) to the tightening torque of 32Ncm, (ii) as a percentage of the loosening torque value after a load of 200N(experimental value) to the initial loosening value, and (iii) as a percentage of the experimental value to the 32Ncm of tightening torque. The analyses shows the amount of initial loosening at the screw, loosening by repetitive load and the the final loosening value. Results: The results of this study were as follows (1) Percentage of initial loosening value to tightening-torque was increased in order of external hex, ARIPS-system and internal taper and all values between each groups showed statistical significance (p<0.05). (2) Percentage of experimental value to initial loosening value was increased in order of external hex, ARIPS-system and internal taper. Value of internal taper showed significant difference with those of external hex and ARIPS-system (p<0.05). (3) Percentage of experimental value to tightening torque was increased in order of external hex, ARIPS-system and internal taper and all values between each groups showed statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the final loosening level value, which are closely correlated to clinical use, show that the ARIPS-system can be a useful means of minimizing abutment screw loosening when compared to the external hex type system. Although further clinical studies need to be made, the ARIPS-system should be considered to maximize the long-term success of the implant prosthesis.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2004

Statement of problem : Because dental impression can be a cross-infection source, disinfection, such as immersion disinfection is nessecary. However, the disinfection process may change the volume of the impression cast. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects on dimensional change of different storage times and methods, of agar-alginate impression when immersed in a 5% idophor disinfectant. Material and Methods : An agar-alginate impression was made from a mandible model and then was disinfected and stored according the experimental conditions and a stone model was produced. Measurements were taken between reference points on the original mandible model and they were compared to measurements taken between reference points on the stone model. The study was divided into 4 groups. In group 1, the impression was stored in a 100% humidor for 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours and stone models were made at each time. In group 2, the impression was immersed in 5% idophor disinfectant and then stored in a 100% humidor for the same length of times as group 1, and stone models were made at each time. In group 3, the impression was stored in extend-A-pourR, a special storage solution for 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours 3 days, and 7 days and stone models were made at each time. In group 4, the impression was immersed in 5% idophor disinfectant and then stored in stored in extend-A-pourR, a special storage solution for the same length of times as group 3, and stone models were made at each time. 5 impressions and stone models were made at each time to make a total of 180. The Student-t test (P < .05) was used to do a statistical analysis of the measurements of the mandible model and stone models. The repeated-measure 2-way analysis of variance (P < .05) was used to do a statistical analysis of the difference in the 4 groups. Results : The percent liner dimensional change was from $0.25{\pm}0.03%$ (group 1, 30 minutes) to $0.34{\pm}0.06%$ (group 4, 7 days). No significant change was noticed between the 4 groups. Conclusion : According to the above study, in both methods, least dimensional change was recorded when the storage times were short and in both methods, immersion in 5% idophor disinfectant did not effect dimensional change in the agar-alginate impression.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.717-723
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Unreasonable distal cantilevered implant-supported prosthesis can mask functional problems of reconstruction temporarily, but it can cause serious strain and stress around its supported implant and surrounding alveolar bone. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate strain of implants supporting distal cantilevered fixed prosthesis with two different cantilevered length under distal cantilevered static load. Material and methods. A partially edentulous mandibular test model was fabricated with auto-polymerizing resin (POLYUROCK; Metalor technologies, Stuttgart, Swiss) and artificial denture teeth (Endura; Shofu inc., Kyoto, Japan). Two implants-supported 5-unit screw-retained cantilevered fixed prosthesis was made using standard methods with Type III gold alloy (Harmony C&B55; Ivoclar-vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany) for superstructure and reinforced hard resin (Tescera; Ivoclar-vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany) for occlusal material. Two strain gauges (KFG-1-120-C1-11L1M2R; KYOWA electronic instruments, Tokyo, Japan) were then attached to the mesial and the distal surface of each standard abutment with adhesive (M-bond 200; Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan). Total four strain gauges were attached to test model and connected to dynamic signal conditioning strain amplifier (CTA1000; Curiotech inc., Paju, Korea). The stepped $20{\sim}100$ N in 25 N increments, cantilevered static load 8mm apart (Group I) or 16mm apart (Group II), were applied using digital push-pull gauge (Push-Pull Scale & Digital Force Gauge, Axis inc., Seoul, Korea). Each step was performed ten times and every strain signal was monitored and recorded. Results. In case of Group I, the strain values were surveyed by $80.7{\sim}353.8{\mu}m$ in Ch1, $7.5{\sim}47.9{\mu}m/m$ in Ch2, $45.7{\sim}278.6{\mu}m/m$ in Ch3 and $-212.2{\sim}718.7{\mu}m/m$ in Ch4 depending on increasing cantilevered static load. On the other hand, the strain values of Group II were surveyed by $149.9{\sim}612.8{\mu}m/m$ in Ch1, $26.0{\sim}168.5{\mu}m/m$ in Ch2, $114.3{\sim}632.3{\mu}m/m$ in Ch3, and $-323.2{\sim}-894.7{\mu}m/m$ in Ch4. Conclusion. A comparative statistical analysis using paired sample t-test about Group I Vs Group II under distal cantilevered load shows that there are statistical significant differences for all 4 channels (P<0.05).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.271-287
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• 2003

Statement of problem: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been increasingly served as a non-invasive and objective method for clinical monitoring of implant stability. Many clinical studies must be required for standardized baseline data using RFA. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate RFA value changes in two stage surgery group and one stage surgery group in patients. Material and method: Forty-seven mandibles in consecutively implant installed patients were selected for this study and 141 fixtures were installed. Ninety-three fixtures were double threaded, machined surface design ($Br{\aa}anemark^{(R)}$ MK III, Nobel Biocare AB, Goteborg, Sweden) and 48 fixtures were root form, threaded, HA-coated surface one ($Replace^{TM}$, Steri-Oss/Nobel Biocare AB, USA). Among those, each 10 fixture was installed in one stage group patients. ISQ values were measured using $Osstell^{TM}$ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd. Sweden) during fixture installation, at healing abutment connection and in the loading period for two stage surgery group patients and during at each 4, 6, 8, 10, 12week and in the loading phase for one stage surgery group patients and evaluated the changes according to the time and fixture type. Results: In two stage surgery group, mean and SO of ISQ values of machined surface implants were $76.85{\pm}3.74,\;75.76{\pm}5.04,\;75.73{\pm}4.41$ and those of HA-coated surface implant were $75.05{\pm}6.23,\;77.58{\pm}5.23,\;78.32{\pm}4.29$ during fixtures installation, at healing abutment connection and in the loading period, respectively. In one-stage surgery group, the ISQ values of machined surface and HA-coated surface implants decreased until 4 or 6 week and maintained at plateau for 1-3 week and increased to the loading period. Conclusions: Machined and HA-coated surface implants showed minimal ISQ changes with time if they were installed at the sites showing at least intact cortical plate and good bone qualities. And HA-coated implants had a tendency to show somewhat increased ISQ values with time.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2022

서울시 마을버스는 시내버스의 준공영제와는 달리 민영제로 운영되므로 시대적인 환경변화에 열악한 상태이다. 코로나19로 인한 이용객수 감소, 경쟁교통수단 등장으로 인한 수요 이탈 등으로 매출액은 감소되며, 서울시의 재정지원금은 지속적으로 증가되고 있다. 이번 연구는 민영제로 운영되는 마을버스 특성분석을 위해 마을버스 매출액 및 흑자업체의 영향 요인에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석자료는 2018년 서울시 마을버스 재무제표를 활용하였고, 마을버스 대당 매출액 및 흑자업체를 종속변수로, 마을버스 운행계통, 만족도조사, 인문사회변수, 지하철 및 공공자전거 특성을 독립변수로 적용하였다. 분석결과 대당 매출액은 대당운행시간, 차내 안전성, 세대수, 고령자수, 공공자전거 변수가, 흑자업체는 차내 안전성, 신뢰성, 공공자전거 변수가 영향을 미치는 것으로 도출되었다. 특히 경쟁교통수단인 공공자전거가 업계매출에 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 마을버스 경영환경은 시간이 지날수록 어려운 환경이 예상되므로 업계는 자구책을 강구하며, 서울시는 마을버스가 안정적으로 운행될 수 있도록 재정지원 강화가 요구된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2024

Objectives: Frozen shoulder (FS) is one of the most challenging shoulder disorders for patients and clinicians. Its symptoms mainly include any combination of stiffness, nocturnal pain, and limitation of active and passive glenohumeral joint movement. Conventional treatment options for FS are physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injection therapy, and arthroscopic capsular release, but adverse and limited effects continue to present problems. As a result, pharmacoacupuncture (PA) is getting attention as an alternative therapy for patients with FS. PA is a new form of acupuncture treatment in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) that is mainly used for musculoskeletal diseases. It has similarity and specificity compared to corticosteroid injection and hydrodilatation, making it a potential alternative injection therapy for FS. However, no systematic reviews investigating the utilization of PA for FS have been published. Therefore, this review aims to standardize the clinical use of PA for FS and validate its therapeutic effect. Methods: The protocol was registered in Prospero (CRD42023445708) on 18 July 2023. Until Aug. 31, 2023, seven electronic databases will be searched for randomized controlled trials of PA for FS. Authors will be contacted, and manual searches will also be performed. Two reviewers will independently screen and collect data from retrieved articles according to predefined criteria. The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will be effective rate, Constant-Murley Score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, range of motion, quality of life, and adverse events. Bias and quality of the included trials will be assessed using the Cochrane handbook's risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Meta analyses will be conducted using Review Manager V.5.3 software. GRADE will be used to evaluate the level of evidence for each outcome. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following PRISMA statement. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: This review will provide scientific evidence to support health insurance policy as well as the standardization of PA in clinical practice.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2016

조경교육의 핵심인 설계 교과목의 설계도라고 볼 수 있는 수업계획서는 교육의 목표와 내용, 방법과 효과를 진단할 수 있는 중요한 매체이다. 본 연구는 국내 4년제 대학의 2, 3학년 수준 조경설계 교과목의 수업계획서를 분석하여 설계교육의 현 실태를 진단하고 이를 기반으로 개선방향을 제시하였다. 첫째, 교수와 학생 사이의 계약서이자 학습활동 과정의 설계도와 학습 도구로서의 수업계획서 기능 제고가 절실하다. 둘째, 수업계획서에서 담아야하는 정보의 양을 늘리고 서술의 구체성을 높여 학습자의 수업에 대한 이해도를 증진시켜야 한다. 셋째, 스튜디오 수업의 특수성을 반영할 수 있는 수업계획서의 세부 항목 개발과 상세한 서술이 필요하며 타 과목과의 관련성 속에서 설계스튜디오의 통합적 측면을 조망해줄 필요가 있다. 넷째, 설계수업의 특수성을 고려하여 전통적인 텍스트 중심 외의 다양한 수업 매체와 온라인 방식의 도입을 통해 쌍방향 소통 수업에 대한 고민이 필요하다. 다섯째, 수업계획서 구성 요소들 간의 상호 연관성을 강화해야 한다. 특히 수업목표와 평가기준간의 관련성, 교재 및 참고문헌과 주차별 수업활동과의 관련성이 구체적으로 제시될 필요가 있다. 마지막으로, 학생들이 공감할 수 있는 평가 기준을 상세하게 제시하고, 다양한 평가 방법을 도입하여 평가의 공정성과 투명성을 제고해야 한다.