• Title/Summary/Keyword: State Of Charge

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M Protein from Dengue virus oligomerizes to pentameric channel protein: in silico analysis study

  • Ayesha Zeba;Kanagaraj Sekar;Anjali Ganjiwale
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.41.1-41.11
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    • 2023
  • The Dengue virus M protein is a 75 amino acid polypeptide with two helical transmembranes (TM). The TM domain oligomerizes to form an ion channel, facilitating viral release from the host cells. The M protein has a critical role in the virus entry and life cycle, making it a potent drug target. The oligomerization of the monomeric protein was studied using ab initio modeling and molecular dynamics simulation in an implicit membrane environment. The representative structures obtained showed pentamer as the most stable oligomeric state, resembling an ion channel. Glutamic acid, threonine, serine, tryptophan, alanine, isoleucine form the pore-lining residues of the pentameric channel, conferring an overall negative charge to the channel with approximate length of 51.9 Å. Residue interaction analysis for M protein shows that Ala94, Leu95, Ser112, Glu124, and Phe155 are the central hub residues representing the physicochemical interactions between domains. The virtual screening with 165 different ion channel inhibitors from the ion channel library shows monovalent ion channel blockers, namely lumacaftor, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide, and azelnidipine to be the inhibitors with high docking scores. Understanding the three-dimensional structure of M protein will help design therapeutics and vaccines for Dengue infection.

Development of Battery Monitoring System Using the Extended Kalman Filter (확장 칼만 필터를 이용한 배터리 모니터링 시스템 개발)

  • Jo, Sung-Woo;Jung, Sun-Kyu;Kim, Hyun-Tak
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2020
  • A Battery Monitoring System capable of State-of-Charge(SOC) estimation using the Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) is described in this paper. In order to accurately estimate the SOC of the battery, the battery cells were modeled as the Thevenin equivalent circuit model. The Thevenin model's parameters were measured in experiments. For the Battery Monitoring System, we designed a battery monitoring device that can calculate the SOC estimation using the EKF and a monitoring server that controls multiple battery monitoring devices. We also develop a web-based dashboard for controlling and monitoring batteries. Especially the computation of the monitoring server could be reduced by calculating the battery SOC estimation at each Battery Monitoring Device.

Development of Image Capture Program for a Mobile Mapping System along CCD Camera Characteristics (차량측량시스템을 위한 영상취득 프로그램 개발)

  • Jeong, Dong-Hoon;Kim, Byung-Guk
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.4 no.2 s.8
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 2002
  • In this study we developed a CCD camera image capture program for Mobile Mapping System. Especially, two high resolution color images could be captured and saved simultaneously through this program to apply digital photogrammetry. Program developed in this study could be used more effectively on the 3D positioning of road facilities, the state understanding of maintenance and etc. using Mobile Mapping System with GPS-IMU. Most programs currently developed and used are for the panchromatic images. But, newly developed program is for the high resolution color images. Therefore newly developed program could expand application field of Mobile Mapping System widely, and users. This research can improve the usability of 4S' products with stable and reliable.

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Design and Implementation of a Hybrid-type Video Conference System using SIP Protocol (SIP 프로토콜을 이용한 하이브리드형 화상회의 시스템의 설계 및 구현)

  • Jung TaeUn;Kim YoungHan
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we propose and implement a hybrid-type video conference system using SIP protocol proposed in IEFT. This conference system, all signaling is controled by the server, while the media communication can be managed either by UAs or by the server. as a result, the complexity of its routing and user state management is reduced and it is applicable to the mobile environment of the ad-hoc models. The implemented server is scale enough to be used in a large conference because it only takes charge of signaling part. And also we see that UAs are only suitable in the small conference where less than ten people can join.

Anode Characteristics of Tin Oxide Thin Films According to Various Si Additions for Lithium Secondary Microbattery (Si 첨가에 따른 리튬 이차 박막 전지용 주석 산화물 박막의 음극 특성)

  • 박건태;박철호;손영국
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2003
  • For lithium secondary microbattery anode, the tin oxide thin films with Si addition (0, 2, 6, 10, 20 ㏖%) were prepared with R.F. magnetron sputtering at substrate temperature of 30$0^{\circ}C$ and Ar:O$_2$=7:3 atmosphere. As Si addition amount increased, Si-O bonding density increased and Sn-O bonding density decreased. The addition of optimum Si amount led the decrease of Sn oxidation state so that the irreversible capacity reduced and cycle characteristic enhanced during charge-discharge test. SnO$_2$films with 6 ㏖% Si had the highest reversible capacity of 700 mAh/g after 100 cycles.

Characterization of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials Prepared from Different Precursors in Lithium Rechargeable Batteries (리튬2차전지에서 다른 전구체로부터 합성된 LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 양극 활물질의 특성)

  • Kim, Sung-Keun;Hong, Sung-Wan;Han, Kyeong-Sik;Lee, Hong-Ki;Shim, Joong-Pyo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.1029-1035
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    • 2008
  • $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ cathode materials prepared from different precursors in lithium rechargeable batteries were characterized by various analytical methods. $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ powders were synthesized by using solid-state reaction method and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed by XRD, SEM, particle size analyzer and TCP-AES. These materials showed different crystallinity, particle size, surface morphology and chemical composition. Also, the charge/discharge cycling of $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ electrodes was carried out under various cut-off voltages and it showed different behaviors. It was found that the electrochemical cyclability of $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ was strongly related to its crystallinity.

Hybrid Vehicle Battery Modeling using Boundary Condition (경계조건을 반영한 하이브리드 자동차 배터리 모델링)

  • Lee, Jae-Joong;Lee, June-Sang;Bae, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Mi-Ro;Kweon, Hyck-Su;Nah, Wan-Soo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2011.07a
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    • pp.1678-1679
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    • 2011
  • 고속/고전압으로 동작하는 자동차 전장품에 대한 EMI/EMC(Electromagnetic Interfere / Electromagnetic Compatibility) 문제는 기존의 PCB(Printed Circuit Board)에서의 문제와 다르며 하이브리드/전기 자동차에서 중요하게 다뤄지는 배터리에 대한 최적화 된 모델링 방법이 본 논문에 소개 되어있다. 기존의 단순한 저항과 커패시터의 연결로 표현 된 모델링이 아닌 고주파를 반영 할 수 있는 모델링 방법을 사용하였다. 이를 분석하기 위해 ANSYS사의 Simplorer와 Matlab을 사용해서 결과를 보았다. 본 논문에서는 DOD(Depth Of Discharge)에 따른 통합 등가회로 모델을 구현하면서 기존의 단순한 지수함수 곡선적합(Curve fitting)이 아닌 SOC(State Of Charge)의 경계조건을 반영하여 정확성을 높였다. 이로써 실험 데이터를 이용해 배터리 등가회로 모델링을 하여 정확한 배터리 동작의 해석을 할 수 있고 이에 따른 전도성 방사(CE : Conducted Emission)문제에 보다 쉽게 접근 할 수 있다.

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Development of BMS for High Efficiency Lithium-Polymer Battery (고효율 리튬폴리머 축전지 관리시스템 개발)

  • Shin, Hyun-Joo;Ko, Young-Cheol;Kim, Deak-Ho;Bae, Eun-Seoub;Lee, Se-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.111-113
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    • 2009
  • 침몰한 잠수함 승조원의 구조용으로 사용되는 구난잠수정은 주 전원과 보조전원으로 축전지가 필수적으로 사용된다. 그러나 사용 중인 축전지 모듈이나 뱅크의 일부 셀(Cell)에 불량이 발생하면 전체 축전지 뱅크의 기능이 저하되어 구난정 시스템을 적절히 운영하지 못하여 제대로 임무를 수행하지 못하거나 커다란 손실을 가져온다. 그리고 축전지에 과 충전이나 과 방전이 발생하면 축전지가 폭발하여 화재가 발생하거나 축전지 내부 구조의 파괴로 더 이상 사용 못하는 경우가 발생한다. 따라서 이와 같이 축전지에 손상을 줄 수 있는 상황을 미연에 방지하여 축전지가 최적의 동작 상태를 유지할 수 있도록 해주고 전체 시스템의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위하여 본 논문에서는 구조잠수정용 리튬폴리머 (Lithium Polymer) 축전지 관리장치의 개발을 수행하였다. 본 논문을 통해 축전지 관리 장치(BMS : Battery Management System)의 핵심기술인 H/W 및 S/W 설계기술, 각 Cell의 전압 제어기술, SOC(State of Charge) 제어 알고리즘 도출 및 시스템 운영 기술을 구현하였으며 개발된 알고리즘과 기능은 충 방전 부하시험과 한국 선급인증시험을 통해 유효한 방식임을 확인하였다.

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Development of Online Battery Management System for Uninterruptible Power Supply (무정전 전원공급장치용 온라인 배터리 관리시스템 개발)

  • Nam Jong-ha;Choi Jin-Hong;Kim Seung-Jong;Kim Jae-Woong
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2004.07b
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    • pp.830-833
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    • 2004
  • UPS 시스템에서 정전시 안정적인 전력공급을 방해하는 요소의 대부분은 배터리의 불량이 차지하고 있다. 일반적으로 UPS 시스템에 적용되는 배터리는 일정시간이 경과되면 전체를 교체하는 관리시스템을 가지며, 주기적인 방전시험을 실시하지만 교체기준에 대한 명확한 방안이 마련되어 있지 않다. 일부에서는 배터리의 내부저항 혹은 임피던스를 측정하여 배터리의 교체여부를 판단하는 기준으로 삼고 있지만 배터리의 비선형적 특성으로 인하여 그 오차범위는 크다고 할 수 있다. 또한 배터리는 부동충전시에는 정상적인 특성을 보이지만 방전시 불량 특성이 나타나는 경우가 많고, 리튬-이온 배터리의 경우 내부저항은 수십$[m\Omega]$의 비교적 큰 값을 가지지만 UPS에 적용되는 납축전지의 경우 수$[m\Omega]$ 정도의 아주 낮은 내부저항을 가져 측정오차에 의해 불량 여부를 명확히 판단하지 못하는 경우가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점에 착안하여 평상시에는 배터리의 개별셀 전압, 온도, 전체전압 및 보관함의 온도, 충방전 전류, SOC(State of Charge)를 현장 및 원격지의 모니터링 PC로 전송하여 사용자에게 보여주며, 정전으로 인한 방전시에는 내부저항과 개별셀의 용량을 계산하고 이를 통해 교체시기를 결정할 수 있도록 구성되어 있으며, 실험을 통해 타당성을 확인하였다.

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Ce $L_Ⅲ$-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Studies on the Tetrameric Ce-polyoxyhydroxy Cation Intercalated Aluminosilicate

  • Yun, Ju Byeong;Hwang, Seong Ho;Kim, Dong Guk;Gang, Seong Gu;Choe, Jin Ho
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.305-309
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    • 2000
  • The cerium ion intercalated aluminosilicate was prepared by ion exchange reaction between $Na^+$ in montmorillonite and $Ce^{+4}$ in aqueous solution. The X-ray absorption near edge structrure(XANES) analyses indicate that the $Ce^{+4}$ ions are partially reduced to the $Ce^{+3}$ ones during the intercalation into layered aluminosilicate due to a charge transfer between host and intercalant. From the EXAFS analysis, two different (Ce-O) bonding pairs could be characterized with the distances and coordination numbers of 2.31 $({\pm}0.02){\AA}$ ${\times}$ 8.2 $({\pm}1.5)$ and 2.66 $({\pm}0.02){\AA}$ ${\times}$ 2.7 $({\pm}1.0)$, respectively, with the oxygen atoms as the first nearest neighbor, and two (Ce-Ce) pairs at 3.78 ${\AA}$ as the second neighbor. It is therefore concluded that the most probable Ce-species stabilized in the interlayer space of aluminosilicate after the intercalation is the tetrameric Ce-polyoxy/hydorxy cations with the mixed valent state of 0.75 $Ce^{+4}$.0.25 $Ce^{+3}$.