• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.141-153
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• 2005

Objectives : This survey was accomplished to find out how Korean medical doctors take acupuncture treatment in real clinics. Methods : The survey questions were developed by the consensus from the professors who major in acupuncture and moxibustion. The questionnaire was given the 2731 Korean medical doctors at the mending education site; In addition, it was given to 793 doctors working at the 105 Korean medical hospitals listed on the National Korean Medical Hospital Associations Address book by postal mail; and also it was given to the 142 public health care Korean medical doctors who attended the conference for the municipal and provincial representatives of the public health service Korean medical doctors. Total of 1277 questionnaires were retrieved out of the 3666 subjects. Results : 1. Nine hundred out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used method of differentiation syndromes(70.4%) and 1184 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors convalescence decide with subjective symptom improvement of patient(92.6%). 2. Nine hundred eight out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used both local and remote points(71.0%) and 916 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors treat with method of reinforcement-reduction(71.7%). 3. Eleven hundred fifth five out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used cupping a boil(90.3%) and 1023 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used moxibustion(80.1%). Conclusion : When Korean medical doctors treat with acupuncture, most of them diagnose with differentiation methods and meridian theory, decide convalescence with subjective symptom improvement of patient, select out of both local and remote acupuncture points, treat with method of basic reinforcement-reduction, apply moxa and cupping a boil when they are necessary. The cupping a boil comes to be used when being muscle and joint disease. The moxa comes to be used when being chronic disease.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

After several collapse accidents of large structures in the early 1990s in Korea, the government enacted a law that architectural, engineering and construction firms are obliged to have insurance for projects over a certain size. Particularly, with regard to insurance in design and construction supervision works (i.e. engineering insurance), although several operation-based problems were pointed out from practitioners, still little research has been done on analyzing current regnlartory and operational state and suggesting policy alternatives. Hence, this study applies Delphi technique to solicit current operational problems and propose a series of improvements on engineering insurance based on interview surveys targeting major market participants: municipalities, engineering firms, and insurance companies. Key findings culminate in adopting guarantee limits based on credit evaluation, abrogating joint surety, covering a loss of life, increasing insurance entrance fee, extending time covered, and etc. Reaching a consensus on the proposed alternatives between the market participants will form the foundation for sound developments of construction design and engineering industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.91-93
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• 2003

It has been estimated that the equivalent of approximately $US 50 billion has been spent on research on the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment since Rachel Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962. Much of the resulting knowledge has been summarized explicitly in computer algorithms in a variety of empirical, deterministic, and probabilistic simulation models. These models describe and predict the transport, degradation and resultant concentrations of pesticides in various compartments of the environment during and after application. In many cases the known errors of model predictions are large. For this reason they are typically designed to be “conservative”, i.e., err on the side of over-prediction of concentrations in order to err on the side of safety. These predictions are then compared with toxicity data, from tests of the pesticide on a series of standard representative biota, including terrestrial and aquatic indicator species and higher animals (e.g., wildlife and humans). The models' predictions are good enough in some cases to provide screening of those compounds which are very unlikely to do harm, and to indicate those compounds which must be investigated further. If further investigation is indicated a more detailed (and therefore more complicated) model may be employed to give a better estimate, or field experiments may be required. A model may be used to explore “what if” questions leading to possible alternative pesticide usage patterns which give lower potential environmental concentrations and allowable exposures. We are currently at a maturing stage in this research where the knowledge base of pesticide behavior in the environmental is growing more slowly than in the past. However, innovative uses are being made of the explosion in available computer technology to use models to take ever more advantage of the knowledge we have. In this presentation, current developments in the state of the art as practiced in North America and Europe will be presented. Specifically, we will look at the efforts of the ‘Focus’ consortium in the European Union, and the ‘EMWG’ consortium in North America. These groups have been innovative in developing a process and mechanisms for discussion amongst academic, agriculture, industry and regulatory scientists, for consensus adoption of research advances into risk management methodology.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Bacillus subtilis PhoP-PhoR two-component system (TCS) senses phosphate deficiency conditions, and then controls expression of the Pho regulon to prolong survival. The sensor histidine kinase, PhoR, is autophosphorylated and transfers the phosphate to the response regulator, PhoP. Phosphorylated PhoP (PhoP~P) binds to repeated 6-bp consensus PhoP binding sequences of Pho regulon promoters and activates or represses gene expression. Pho signal transduction systems are part of interconnected signal transduction network involving at least three TCSs (PhoP-PhoR, ResD-ResE TCS, SpoOA phosphorelay), a global carbon metabolism regulator (CcpA), and transition state regulators (AbrB, ScoC). In addition, PhoP-PhoR TCS is cross related with YycF-YycG TCS by cross-regulation. While indescribable progress has been made in understanding phosphate deficiency stress response through refined expression of the Pho regulon in the recent past years, many important questions still remain. Solving these questions may provide important information for application study using B. subtilis.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-24
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• 1996

In the emerging information society. a well-established national Information network plays a crucial role In enhancing economic efficiency and creating national wealth. Most of the advanced nations In the world are putting forward government-driven projects for the construction of their national Information Infrastructures. strategically focusing on the development of key technologies and Industrial essential for their Infrastructures. Development of the NII (National Infrastructure) can help unleash an Information revolution that will change forever the way people 1ive, work. and interact with each other. Nonetheless. the present Information Infrastructure In Korea loaves a lot to be Improved In order to realize the vision of Information society. The establishment of the KII (korea Information Infrastructure) does not merely mean the construction of physical network that enables the transmission of various modes of information such as voice, data, and image. It further implies the creation of a new kind of social overhead capital, ranging from the establishment of social and cultural which are conductive to seamless flow of information. For the successful implementation of the KII, it is critical to build the public consensus on the importance and necessity of informatization. At the same time, careful consideration should be given to the institutional factors such as timely and adequate supply of specialized personnel, the updating of policy and regulations, and the strengthening of interntional cooperation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.21-40
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• 2012

This study is to respond to the urgent demands of both society and times on public schools in regards to training an educated person who can cope with the financial environment of this diversified modern society. Therefore, this study will explain the concept of Financial Consumer Education and its trends of several other countries. By focusing on the current state of Korean Financial Consumer Education, it will call attention to the needs of introducing Financial Consumer Education to the school curriculum in order to educate students about finance systematically. To support our viewpoint, this paper analyzed and organized the materials concerning Financial Consumer Education in two curricula (2007 and 2011 Revised National Curriculum), and in a Practical Arts (Technology Home Economics) textbook of the 2007 revised version. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the desired direction and revitalization of Financial Consumer Education by analyzing the existing curricula. Even though the content of finance education begun from one of the subcategories of consumer education called 'Financial Management,'the number of research about financial education through public education has been increased in response to the social and academic consensus. Therefore, we suggest the re-conceptualization of consumer education for financial education is necessary. Therefore, this paper suggests that Financial Consumer education in a Practical Arts (Technology Home Economics) should not be regarded as only one of the components of Consumer Education. Instead, by raising it to the status of Financial Customer Education, it is required to teach the learners to improve their personal financial management skill as well as to help them achieve financial knowledge, skill, and attitude as financial consumer.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.99-114
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• 2010

With the consensus sequence information of the serum glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase-1 (SGK1) phosphorylation site {R-X-R-X-X-(S/T)$\Phi$; where $\Phi$ is any hydrophobic amino acid}, we noticed that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel, a member of the TRP vanilloid subfamily, harbors the putative SGK1 phosphorylation site (on its Ser 824). We have demonstrated that TRPV4 is an SGK1 authentic substrate protein, with the phosphorylation on the Ser 824 of TRPV4 by SGK1. Further, using TRPV4 mutants (S824A and S824D), we noted that the modification of the Ser 824 activates its $Ca^{2+}$ entry, and sensitizes the TRPV4 channel to 4-$\alpha$-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4-${\alpha}PDD$) or heat, simultaneously enhancing its active state. Additionally, we determined that the modification of the Ser 824 controls both its plasma membrane localization and its protein interactions with calmodulin. Thus, we have proposed herein that phosphorylation on the Ser 824 of TRPV4 is one of the control points for the regulation of its functions.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.244-260
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• 2006

The main objective of this study aims at analyzing the national roles of fisheries in the global economy from the constitutional view point. Globalization provides general firms and businessmen with great opportunities that allow them to be able to plan and operate their business strategies beyond the national boundaries. WTO and FTA negotiations must be important facilitators of such globalization. However, Korean primary industries like fisheries under comparative disadvantage have a high probability that there may have to be the trade-offs between the primary and the industrial sector to maximize national benefits in the process of bilateral and/or multilateral international trade deals. Since, moreover, fishermen face strong binding constraints under which they hardly carry out fishing operations standing aloof from national boarders, they have to manage fishing businesses within their own national territory, to maintain and develop fisheries culture, and to explore their own destiny for themselves. Because of such reasons, the constitution imposes upon the State the duty to support and develop fisheries and fishing villages. Considering its article and spirit associated with fisheries(i.e. article 123), it seems unnecessary at this point in time that Korean society makes debates over national consensus for supporting fisheries. The reason is because the explicit provisions of the constitution do not allow their arbitrary interpretation depending upon interests or policy situations. However, where national support to the particular sector could not meet the expected social value system, there would be a great deal of chance to invite serious societal debates over such national commitment to the fisheries. Therefore, whether using it efficiently and realizing the socially expected policy goals must be a responsibility of both fisheries administration and fishing industries.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.17-31
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• 2007

Objectives : Moxibustion therapeutics is one of the most popular oriental treatments in Korea. In this study, we operate the Telephone Survey for grasping clinical actual state moxibustion therapeutics in Korea. Methods : Survey questions were developed based on consensus of acupuncture professors. The list of the Korean medical doctors with experiences more than 10 years is provided by the Association of the Korean Oriental Medicine. A stratified random sample of Korean medical doctors is drawn for the telephone interviews. We choose a bound on the error of estimation equal to 6.5 percentage, and the sample size is 260 for the national sample. Telephone interviews with them were conducted by the well-trained interviewers of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine in Medical researcher from 26th March 2007 to 6th April 2007. Results : Ninty -four percents of Korean oriental medical doctors were male and most commonly, clinical experience of doctors were 20-29 years(47.3%). Sixty-seven percent of Korean oriental medical doctors used moxibustion therapeutics. The most common treatment disease was Musculo-skeletal disorder(38.3%), Digestive disorder(28.6%), Gynecology(14.1%). Indirect moxibustion were as frequent as 65.5% of moxibustion method. The most common reason of unused respondents was 'Lots of smell and smoke'(28.3%), 'The wound left a scar'(20.8%), 'Less effects'(20%), etc. Eighty-three percents Korean oriental medical doctors were against that moxibustion therapy used without doctor's examination Conclusions : This survey provides unique insight into the perception of the Korea medical doctor at moxibustion therapeutics. Future research need to provide more in-depth insight into doctor views of the experience.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively compare the trends of health administration and health policy in the field of health care using the semantic network analysis in the inaugural address of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of each regime in Korea. Methods: This study used a language network analysis method that uses Korean Key Words In Context (KrKwic) program and NetMiner program in sequence. The analysis was conducted by Minister Hwa-joong Kim during the Moo-hyun Roh government, Minister Jae-hee Jeon during the Myung-bak Lee government, Minister Young Jin of Geun-hye Park government and Government Jae-in Moon's inaugural address of Neung-Hoo Park Minister, respectively. Results: The key words differentiated by each regime are that the Moo-hyun Roh Government's Minister Hwa-joong Kim had high connection centrality values in the words 'balanced development', 'comprehensive' and 'reform'. Minister Jae-Hee Jeon of Myung-bak Lee Government had high connection centrality values in the words 'poverty' and 'return'. In the case of Minister Young Jin of Geun-hye Park Government had high connection centrality values in the words 'demand', 'Customized' and 'Life cycle'. In the case of Minister Neung-Hoo Park of Jae In Moon Government had high connection centrality values in the words 'Welfare state', 'Embracing' and 'Soundness'. Conclusions: If the role of health administration in the health care field and the health care policies are constantly changed according to the policies of each regime, it is inconsistent and it is difficult to approach from the long term perspective for public health promotion. In the future, health policy should be developed and implemented with a long-term perspective and consistency based on the consensus and participation of the people with less influence on the change and direction of each government's policies.