• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2005

For decades, the demand for new antiviral strategies, especially in hepatitis, has increased markedly due to its devastating pathogenic outcome, In the present study, we examin ed the antiviral effect of the combination of amantadine and biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) in HepG2 2.2.15, which is transfected with HBV DNA. The study demonstrated that the combination not the single treatment may have an anti-HBV effect through a synergism of antiviral, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities in STAT1 ${\alpha}$, 6-16 gene, and pro-inflammatory components such as nitric oxide and IL-1${\beta}$ expression. In addition, hepatitis B surface and core gene expression were examined as a final end point for the anti-HBV activities, which was also significantly suppressed comparing to normal control (p<0.01).

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.12
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• 2020

Currently, the optimal resuscitation fluid remains debatable. Therefore, in the present study, we designed a trometamol-balanced solution (TBS) for use as a resuscitation fluid for hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 18 male Wistar-Kyoto rats, which were assigned to normal saline (NS), Ringer's solution (RS), and TBS groups. During the hemorrhagic state, their hemodynamic parameters were recorded using an Abbott i-STAT analyzer with the CG4+ cartridge (for pH, pressure of carbon dioxide, pressure of oxygen, total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, base excess, oxygen saturation, and lactate), the CG6+ cartridge (for sodium, potassium, chloride, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (calcium, magnesium, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and albumin). Similar trends were found for the parameters of biochemistries, electrolytes, and blood gas, and they revealed no significant changes after blood withdrawal-induced hemorrhagic shock. However, the TBS group showed more effective ability to correct metabolic acidosis than the NS and RS groups. TBS was a feasible and safe resuscitation solution in this study and may be an alternative to NS and RS for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock patients without liver damage.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.62-77
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with a high recurrence rate. Oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance is one of the major reasons hindering CRC therapy. β-Carotene (BC) is a provitamin A and is known to have antioxidant and anticancer effects. However, the combined effect of OXA and BC has not been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the anticancer effects and mechanism of the combination of OXA and BC on CRC. MATERIALS/METHODS: In the present study, the effects of the combination of OXA and BC on cell viability, cell cycle arrest, and cancer stemness were investigated using HCT116, HT29, OXA-resistant cells, and human CRC organoids. RESULTS: The combination of OXA and BC enhanced apoptosis, G₂/M phase cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cancer cell survival in human CRC resistant cells and CRC organoids without toxicity in normal organoids. Cancer stem cell marker expression and self-replicating capacity were suppressed by combined treatment with OXA and BC. Moreover, this combined treatment upregulated apoptosis and the stem cell-related JAK/STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a novel potential role of BC in reducing resistance to OXA, thereby enhances the anticancer effects of OXA. This enhancement is achieved through the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and stemness in CRC.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

Objectives : This study is to evaluate Effect of Inhibition Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor(MIF) activation by Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture(HPA) on Rheumatic Arthritis(RA). Hominis Placenta is the placenta of healthy human, which is vital-strengthening medical stuff. In recent years, Hominis Placenta applied to chronic diseases because it makes us more resistance to diseases. Therefore it is supposed that HPA is effective on RA, a kind of autoimmune disease. When RA is induced, MIF is activated, too. MIF affects the process of inflammatory disease including RA. Methods : In order to investigate the effect of Hominis Placenta extraction on MIF(early RA inducing cytokine) and MMP(Matrix Metallo Proteinase)-9 mRNA expression by means of Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). In this study, we investigated the effect of Hominis Placenta extraction on MIF(early RA inducing cytokine) and MMP-9 mRNA expression by means of RT-PCR. Besides we investigated changing of MIF in synovial membrane and, Interleukin-6 receptor(IL-6R)-$\alpha$(pro-inflammatory cytokine), Signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT)-3, MMP-9 after treating mouse, which is artificially attacked with RA, with HPA on its $ST_{35}$, LE201 in vivo. Results : 1. As a result of treating Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated Raw246.7cell with HPA, MIF(RA related cytokine) and MMP-9 mRNA expression is reduced in vitro. And this reaction is concentration-dependatant. 2. In synovial membrane of the mice treated with HPA, inhibition of MIF, IL-6R-$\alpha$, STAT3 & MMP-9 activation is observed in vivo. Conclusions : From the above results, it might be suggested that HPA mitigate tissue damage originated from RA, because it intercepts the early process of by inhibition MIF activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.167-181
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• 2007

Objectives: To evaluate expression of MIF mRNA, MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-6R-{\alpha}$, STAT-3, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, COX-2 and iNOS, MMP-9mRNA after injecting deer antler herbal acupuncture solution in a LPS rat model. Methods: The experiment was divided in category of the control group, RA group, and NA group. RA was induced in the mice via injecting 300ug/kg LPS. The deer antler herbal acupuncture solution 50ug/kg was applied on $ST_{35}$(犢鼻) and EX-LE201(內膝眼) for 19days from $3^{rd}$ day of RA inducement. Results: 1. In the deer antler herbal acupuncture solution treated RAW 264.7cell, the mRNA expression of cytokines, RA related inflammation factors, such as the MIF, COX- 2, iNOS, and MMP-g reduced concentration dependently. 2. In the deer antler herbal acupuncture treated mice's synovial membrane, decrease in the cell replication of synovial joint cells, regeneration of blood vessel, fibrosis and fibroblastic cells expansion were observed. 3. Positive reaction of RA-related cytokines MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-6R-{\alpha}$, STAT3, COX-2, iNOS, $NF-\;{\kappa}B$ p65, MMP-9 was reduced. Conclusion : On the basis of the results, it was concluded that deer antler herbal acupuncture extract has significant protecting ability against acute progressive RA by inhibiting the production of MIF, as a top in cytokines related to inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1268-1277
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• 2023

In this study, to evaluate the possibility of utilizing Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. (C. obtusa) leaf fractions as anti-inflammatory functional materials, C. obtusa extract extracted with 99% ethanol (CO99EL) was fractionated with hexane (CO99EL-H), chloroform (CO99EL-C), ethyl acetate (CO99EL-E), butanol (CO99EL-B) and distilled water (CO99EL-W). The anti-inflammatory effects of each fraction was performed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Cytotoxicity was highest in CO99EL-H and CO99EL-C and lowest in CO99EL-W. Interestingly, LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production were significantly reduced by CO99EL-H and CO99EL-E, and COX-2 expression was significantly reduced by CO99EL-B and CO99EL-W. In addition, interleukin (IL)-1𝛽, an inflammatory cytokine increased by LPS, was significantly reduced by CO99EL-C, CO99EL-E, CO99EL-B and CO99EL-W, and IL-6 was significantly reduced by CO99EL-B and CO99EL-W. Therefore, the janus kinase (JAK)/signaling transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway activated by LPS was significantly reduced by CO99EL-H and CO99EL-C, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was slightly reduced by CO99EL-H and CO99EL-C. However, nuclear factor (NF)-𝜅B activity was not reduced by any fractions. Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that CO99EL fractions have different anti-inflammatory mechanisms depending on the solvent used for fractionation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

In order for start-up establishment to enter the business market, it has to get over the first mover advantage of the existing establishment. As a result, its working condition deteriorates and a great deal of occupational accidents take place. Based on 2009 standard, the occupational accident rate of start-up establishment is 1.28%, which is two times higher than existing establishment and the gap between manufacturing and service industry has been getting wide. For the characteristic of injured person in start-up establishment, it is showed that the occupancy rate of women and people with less than 30 age starting out in a career is high and the occupancy rate of occupational accident for holiday and night work is high. Therefore, the act for occupational accident prevention is needed in the early period of business and underprivileged group for occupational accident.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2010

항암치료는 현재 암환자의 주요한 치료임에도 불구하고 항암제내성과 같은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 약물내성은 다양한 기전에 의해 발생하는데 수송단백질의 과발현, 비독성화발현, 손상유전자의 복구, 세포사멸신호의 변화, STAT-3와 NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현 등이 포함된다. 암세포는 저산소환경에서 발생하며 일반세포에 비해 무산소해당에 상대적 의존도가 높고 이는 암세포의 성장과 전이를 촉진하는 인자가 된다. 항암제가 효과를 내기 위해서는 산소가 필요한데 저산소환경은 이를 방해하며 또한 유전자의 불안정화로 인해 약물내성이 유도된다. NF-${\kappa}B$는 주요 전사인자 중 하나로서 각종 염증과 암에서 지속적으로 활성화되며 암세포의 변화, 증식, 침윤, 전이에 관여한다. 환경적 스트레스 등과 대부분의 항암약제들이 NF-${\kappa}B$를 활성화시키며 임상적으로도 암환자의 생존과 연관된 중요한 예후인자이다. NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현은 항암제로 인한 암세포의 자멸을 회피하게 만들고 수송단백질을 활성화시켜 항암제내성을 유도한다. 강황, 적포도, 고추, 건칠 등 다양한 천연물에서 NF-${\kappa}B$를 억제시키는 효능이 발견되었으며 이는 항암제내성을 억제시키고 항암제의 효과를 증대시킨다. 저산소환경의 개선과 NF-${\kappa}B$의 억제는 상호연관성을 가지고 있으며 항암제내성의 개선뿐만 아니라 암치료제 개발의 새로운 연구목표가 될 수 있다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1995

In order to screen microorganism producing lactic acid with high productivity from nature, we used a medium containing 100 g/l glucose and selected several microorganisms producing more than 80 g/l L-lactic acid. We investigated their physiological characteristics and compared them. The best microorganism was identified as Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus. The optimum pH for growth and production of lactic acid was 6.0 and this strain showed the highest growth rate at around 30$\circ$C , but the optimum temperature for lactic acid production was 45$\circ$C . The growth was inhibited proportionally from 50 g/l to 300 g/l of glucose and the maximal cell mass increased according to increasing the concentration of corn steep liquor (CSL) protein up to 30 g/l. In batch fermentation for lactic acid production, we produced 128 g/l L-lactic acid with 20 g/l CSL protein and 150 g/l glucose in 35 hours. In pH-stat fed-batch fermentation, we were able to produce 183 g/l L-lactic acid.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Vitrified aggregates obtained by using mine tailings were evaluated using various leaching methods to assess their environmental safety. The leaching tests in this study include continuous batch leaching, Dutch availability leaching, pH-stat and tank diffusion test as well as TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure), which is commonly adopted. Vitrification technique has successfully been applied treating some solid wastes containing high level of heavy metals, such as EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) dust and mine tailings. The potentially most leachable element among trace metals was As and theoretically about 7% of total concentrations in the aggregate can be released under extreme condition. Zinc was leached about 4% and the other trace metals including Cd, Cr and Pb were hardly released from the vitrified mine tailing aggregate.