• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to examine the crops capable of growing and adapting to the external environment and various stresses of reclaimed agriculture land for the development of high value-added agricultural utilization technology based on reclaimed land through standardization and empirical study of cultivation environment for cultivating crops. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two crops namely turnips and beets were selected for the salt tolerance test of soil environmental conditions on reclaimed land. Turnip and beet seedlings were planted on the soil collected at the 'Seokmun' reclaimed land. There are five treatments such as non-treatment, 1.0, 2.0 (control), 4.0 and $8.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of EC. The contents of betacyanin in beet roots was highest in control and decreased with increasing salt concentration. The GSL contents in the turnip roots waswere highest at EC 2.0 and decreased with increasing salt concentration, whereas those in turnip leaves waswere high both in the non-treated control and atthe EC 1.0-treatment. But, tThere was, however, no statistical differences among the treatments. CONCLUSION: The degree of salt tolerance of crops was examined, and the limit EC iswas expected to be $3.0{\sim}4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ as reported to date. If the soil improvement is performed and irrigation systems are used in the actual reclaimed land, the EC of supplied irrigation will be low, and desalination effecttreatment by the lower EC of the supplied irrigation on the soil will lead to more favorable soil condition of the rhizosphere and cultivation environment offor the crops than those in the port experiment. Therefore, monitoring the salinity, water content and ground water level will enable prediction of the rhizosphere environment, and setting up irrigation management and supplying irrigation will lead to crop cultivation results that are close to normal.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.76-89
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• 2018

The distribution of the combined heat and power system is active as a solution to the instability of energy supply and environmental pollution caused by continuous industrial development. In Korea, the safety standards for combined heat and power system using a gas engine are insufficient therefore the study on this is needed. In this study, the safety performance and structural/material assessment items of domestic and international standards applied to the combined heat and power system were analyzed to carry out a standardization study on safety performance applicable to 20 kW gas engine combined heat and power system. In addition, the safety performance assessment (plan) of the gas engine combined heat and power system was derived by performing risk analysis and risk assessment using HAZOP. Assessment items include engine ignition systems related to safety performance, piping tight performance, watering and temperature rise performance, combustion performance, electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall efficiency and humidity performance. Gas and water pipes, gas control and shut-off valves, durability, heat resistance, and cold resistance of metal or non-metallic materials related to the structure and materials of the gas engine combined heat and power systems.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.390-408
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• 2019

Objectives: Several pattern diagnosis questionnaires have been developed to objectify the process of pattern diagnosis in Korean medicine. In this context, this study aimed to develop a food retention questionnaire for functional dyspepsia (FRQ-FD) by modifying the previously developed food retention questionnaire (FRQ) and to verify its reliability and validity. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the optimal cut-off value of the FRQ-FD for standardization and use in clinical situations. Methods: To develop the FRQ-FD, we extracted the major symptoms of food retention pattern for functional dyspepsia from Chinese/Korean medicine textbooks and requested an importance survey from experts using the Delphi method. The first draft of the FRQ-FD was composed of 25 questions comprising 8 questions from the textbooks and the Delphi method and 17 questions from the FRQ already developed in 2013. To analyze its reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value, 60 subjects were enrolled in this study from June 25 to August 13, 2018. Thirty patients were diagnosed as both functional dyspepsia and food retention pattern, and 30 healthy participants were not. All participants were requested to fill up the FRQ-FD, Stomach Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ), Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency pattern (SSQD), visual analog scale (VAS) for dyspepsia, Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), and functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in sex distribution, age, and body mass index between the patient group and the control group. As five questions affected the reliability negatively and three questions affected the clinical validity negatively, we decided to exclude the eight questions upon further investigation. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the revised FRQ-FD (17 items) was 0.899, and its clinical validity was verified. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis and produced five factors. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the revised FRQ-FD and the other dyspepsia scales, namely, SQDQ, SSQD, VAS, NDI-K, and FD-QoL. VAS and NDI-K especially had strong positive correlations with FRQ-FD. Conclusions: The FRQ-FD developed in this study can provide fundamental reliability and validity for a pattern diagnosis questionnaire. FRQ-FD can help to diagnose food retention pattern in functional dyspepsia patients. Further studies are required to inspect several statistical factors.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.25
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• pp.91-129
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• 2010

As it grows more heavily reliant on information system, researchers seek for various ways to manage and utilize of dataset records which is accumulated in public information system. It might be needed to adjust date and enhance the quality of public administrative dataset records during transferring to archive system or sharing server. The purpose of this paper is presenting data adjustment and quality enhancement methods for public administrative dataset records, and it refers to ETT procedure and method of construction of datawarehouses. It suggests seven typical examples and processing method of data adjustment and quality enhancement, which are (1) verification of quantity and data domain (2) code conversion for a consistent code value (3) making component with combinded information (4) making a decision of precision of date data (5) standardization of data (6) comment information about code value (7) capturing of metadata. It should be reviewed during dataset record transfer. This paper made Data adjustment and quality enhancement requirements for dataset record transfer, and it could be used as data quality requirement of administrative information system which produces dataset.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-50
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• 2019

Different environmental changes involving records management increased the need to improve the curriculum of archives and records management in terms of practice. Given this, the study aims to propose improvement plans for the curriculum by analyzing its operation in domestic graduate schools and determining how the courses are necessary and useful in practice. To achieve this goal, a survey was conducted to records managers in fields, who were asked about the subjects they took, the prerequisites, whether subjects are necessary to be reformed or not, and so on. The results showed the importance of courses related to electronic management for records and practice of records management. Hence, the following insights and methods to improve the curriculum were proposed: (1) the operation of the extension of courses related to electronic management for records and practice of records management; (2) the standardization of courses and the designation of compulsory subjects; (3) the reinforcement of courses; and (4) the offering of diverse courses. This study is significant in gathering the perceptions of field records managers regarding the proposals of the improved curriculum and can serve as preliminary data to develop specific courses for records management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 2021

In nuclear medicine, radioactive isotope tracers are administered to the human body to obtain and evaluate disease morphological information and biological function information. Dose calibrator is a device used to measure the radioactivity of a single nuclide in medical institutions. Administration of the correct dose to the human body acts as an important factor in diagnosis and treatment, and measurement through a dose calibrator before administration is the most important factor. Dose calibrator performs daily quality control after installation in each medical institution. Quality control is a means of guaranteeing quality control after installation, and is essential for improving the quality of treatment and promoting patient safety. Therefore, accurate and standardized performance evaluation methods should be established. In this study, 3D printing was used for quantitative evaluation of quality control by increasing the accuracy and standardization of quality control. When the 3D printer was installed and reproducibility was tested, the error range of the expected value and reading value decreased by 0.302% in the F-18 nuclide and 0.09% in the ^99mTc-pertechnate nuclide than when the 3D printer was installed. The error rate for other nuclides was also found to have a low error rate for reproducibility tests when 3D printing was installed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-227
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• 2022

The MPEG-I (Immersive) group is working on a standardization project for immersive video that provides 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF). The MPEG Immersion Video (MIV) standard technology is intended to provide limited 6DoF based on depth map-based image rendering (DIBR) technique. Many efficient coding methods have been suggested for MIV, but efficient transmission strategies have received little attention in MPEG-I. This paper proposes group-based adaptive rendering method for immersive video streaming. Each group can be transmitted independently using group-based encoding, enabling adaptive transmission depending on the user's viewport. In the rendering process, the proposed method derives weights of group for view synthesis and allocate high quality bitstream according to a given viewport. The proposed method is implemented through the Test Model for Immersive Video (TMIV) test model. The proposed method demonstrates 17.0% Bjontegaard-delta rate (BD-rate) savings on the peak signalto-noise ratio (PSNR) and 14.6% on the Immersive Video PSNR(IV-PSNR) in terms of various end-to-end evaluation metrics in the experiment.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Background: In Japan, new regulations that revise the dose limit for the lens of the eye (hereafter the lens), operational quantities, and measurement positions for the lens dose were enforced in April 2021. Based on the international safety standards, national guidelines, the results of the Radiation Safety Research Promotion Fund of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, and other studies, the Working Group of Radiation Protection Standardization Committee, the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS) developed a guideline for radiation dose monitoring for the lens. Materials and Methods: The Working Group of the JHPS discussed the criteria of non-uniform exposure and the management criteria set not to exceed the dose limit for the lens. Results and Discussion: In July 2020, the JHPS guideline was published. The guideline consists of three parts: main text, explanations, and 26 examples. In the questions, the corresponding answers were prepared, and specific examples were provided to enable similar cases to be addressed. Conclusion: With the development of the guideline on radiation dose monitoring of the lens, radiation managers and workers will be able to smoothly comply with revised regulations and optimize radiation protection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.2
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• pp.276-286
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• 2022

We carried out this study to provide basic data necessary to establish a management plan for concrete erosion control dams in the future by analyzing results of detailed inspections of aged dams conducted in accordance with 「Guidelines for the Maintenance of the Erosion Control Facility」. We analyzed the results of a detailed inspection of 54 concrete erosion control dams which had been built over 20 years previously, located in private forests of Gyeongsangbuk-do using statistical methods. Having conducted exterior defect investigations, we found 18 dams (33.4%) in need of repair or follow-up measures and 15 dams in which the overall grade was changed due to investigator's corrections; we therefore considered that standardization of related standards and indicators would be necessary. After conducting concrete compression strength tests, we found 19 dams (35.2%) to be below the standard value of 21 MPa, and in particular, we included, in grade A, eight dams which we judged to be in good condition as a result of the exterior defect inspection. There was little clear correlation between the total score and the compressive strength of concrete, but there was a statistically significant difference in the compressive strength by overall grade. After analyzing the changes in the characteristics of the erosion control dams according to the elapsed years after construction, we detected no particular trend in the changes of total score and compressive strength over time. However, the cumulative ratio of the dams that required repair and follow-up measures and the dams below the compression strength standard had a strong positive linear relationship over time, suggesting that it would be possible to identify the aging characteristics of concrete erosion control dams.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.464-474
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• 2022

Objectives: We introduced the cohort studies included in the Korean Cohort Consortium (KCC), focusing on large-scale cohort studies established in Korea with a prolonged follow-up period. Moreover, we also provided projections of the follow-up and estimates of the sample size that would be necessary for big-data analyses based on pooling established cohort studies, including population-based genomic studies. Methods: We mainly focused on the characteristics of individual cohort studies from the KCC. We developed "PROFAN", a Shiny application for projecting the follow-up period to achieve a certain number of cases when pooling established cohort studies. As examples, we projected the follow-up periods for 5000 cases of gastric cancer, 2500 cases of prostate and breast cancer, and 500 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The sample sizes for sequencing-based analyses based on a 1:1 case-control study were also calculated. Results: The KCC consisted of 8 individual cohort studies, of which 3 were community-based and 5 were health screening-based cohorts. The population-based cohort studies were mainly organized by Korean government agencies and research institutes. The projected follow-up period was at least 10 years to achieve 5000 cases based on a cohort of 0.5 million participants. The mean of the minimum to maximum sample sizes for performing sequencing analyses was 5917-72 102. Conclusions: We propose an approach to establish a large-scale consortium based on the standardization and harmonization of existing cohort studies to obtain adequate statistical power with a sufficient sample size to analyze high-risk groups or rare cancer subtypes.