• 수산경영론집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2006

This paper tries to apply the standard method for the estimation of range and degree of fisheries damages caused by warm water drained by generating plants to a real situation. The theoretic foundation of the study has been shown in the article published on the journal of fisheries business administration of last year. The paper tries to examine the degree of external appicability of the theoretic model through empirical study. The results of the study are as follows. The model has been found a successful device for the estimation of fisheries damages caused by warm water drained by generating plants. It also shows a possibility to work in any other fisheries damage cases caused by several kinds of public undertaking on coastal areas. The key of the model is the successful derivation of the quantity amount of the critical variation of environmental factors for example, in this case, water thermal variation. Therefore the countinous and appropriate collection of law data on the environmental factors under a viewpoint of statistics is essential to the usefulness of the model.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2010

Males of the field cricket Teleogryllus emma produce calling songs that are attractive to receptive females. The calling songs of T. emma consist of two components, the long chirp that is composed of up to 12 single pulses, followed by a variable number of short chirps. Based on the analysis of coefficient of variation (CV), temporal characters of the long chirp were less variable than those of the short chirps in male calling songs. To test for phonotactic selectivity of females, we conducted a single-stimulus playback experiment in which five stimuli (standard, long chirp only, long chirp augmented, short chirps only, and short chirps augmented) were used. The standard stimulus included both long and short chirps whose characteristics were derived from the calling songs of field populations. Results of the playback experiment showed that female crickets oriented more frequently toward the stimuli that included the long chirp (standard, long chirp only, and long chirp augmented stimuli) than toward the stimuli lacking the long chirp (short chirps only and short chirps augmented stimuli), indicating that the long chirp in the calling songs was required to elicit positive phonotaxis in the female crickets. The result of CV analysis of the male calling songs and the findings of the female phonotaxis experiment suggested that the long chirp of calling songs may play a role in species recognition in T. emma.

• 복식
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2005

This study was to provide the fundamental data for a scientific and rational clothing construction by investigating the length variation of the upper body surface, using the method of surgical tape. The subjects were 15 early elementary schoolgirls in Busan area classified by three somatotypes, Arm-movements were consisted of 6 types. The statistical analyses used in this study were mean, standard deviation and the ANOVA and LSD procedure. The results of the analysis of the length of the upper body surface are as follows: By arm-movements, in the items of horizontal, front neck base girth, back upper bust girth, back bust girth and back under bust girth were increased and the other standard lines were apt to be decreased. In the items of vertical, all standard lines of front side and side seam length showed increased, the lines of bark side were apt to be decreased. The shoulder length represented the maximum rate of decrease($-36.59\%{\~}-48.98\%$) in M6($180^{\circ}$) and the side seam showed the maximum rate of increase($49.74\%{\~}59.22\%$) in the same movement.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2012

While there is no standards on slip risk for contaminants on surface, glycerol is described in standard contaminant for measuring coefficient of friction(COF) and slip resistance such as ISO 13287. But that is just used to measure the slip resistance of surface materials and shoes not to evaluate the contaminant materials. Therefore the objective of this study was to find out the relationship between standard contaminant and the contaminants used usually at the workplaces. For this, some measurement criteria were acquired from the analysis based on biomechanics and kinetics of human gait during slips. The slip resistance according to viscosity of the contaminants was measured applying the criteria and slip probability was determined by the gait analysis. Some factors which should be considered when measuring the slip resistance were identified. The velocity, acceleration, contact time and contact pressure should be 1 m/sec, 10 $m/sec^2$, 350 kPa and less than 0.5sec respectively. The variation of viscosity according to temperature for working oils was different from that of standard contaminant. The static coefficient of friction (SCOF) of working oils was almost 0.5 times as large as the SCOF of standard contaminant. So it was assumed to be difficult to compare the contaminants at the workplaces with the glycerol as a standard contaminant for estimating the slip risk.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 1973

본 연구는 조사검정의 정도를 높이고 또한 조사검정을 보다 효율적으로 수행하는데 기여하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였던바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 검정시료량에 대한 해서율 및 생사량비율의 표준편차와 변이계수는 시료량의 증가에 따라서 점차감소하는 경향을 보였는데 300입이상의 시험구에서는 시료량의 다소에 따른 유의차를 인정할 수 없었다. 2. 해서율에 대한 표준오차는 300 입구와 400 입구간의 유의차를 인정할 수 없었다. 3. 생사량비율에 대한 표준오차는 300 입구와 500 입구 및 600 입구간의 유의차를 인정할 수 없었다. 4. 견사장에 대한 표준편차, 표준오차 및 변이계수는 시료량의 다소에 따론 유의차를 인정할 수 없었다. 5. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하여 볼때 견사검정에 있어서의 적정시료량은 300입으로 추정된다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1985

An experiment to investigate the rate of change of phase angle of eddy current output signal caused by outer surface defect of nonferromagnetic tube by variation of standard depth of penetration and variation of percent of tube wall penetration was carried out. The results of the experiment show that the phase angle of defect signal is increased with decreasing the standard depth of penetration or the depth of defect. The results also show that the phase angle is decreased with increasing the skin effect of eddy current, and that the resolution is decreased with decreasing the depth of defect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.161-197
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• 2020

Total variation minimization is standard in mathematical imaging and there have been numerous researches over the last decades. In order to process large-scale images in real-time, it is essential to design parallel algorithms that utilize distributed memory computers efficiently. The aim of this paper is to illustrate recent advances of domain decomposition methods for total variation minimization as parallel algorithms. Domain decomposition methods are suitable for parallel computation since they solve a large-scale problem by dividing it into smaller problems and treating them in parallel, and they already have been widely used in structural mechanics. Differently from problems arising in structural mechanics, energy functionals of total variation minimization problems are in general nonlinear, nonsmooth, and nonseparable. Hence, designing efficient domain decomposition methods for total variation minimization is a quite challenging issue. We describe various existing approaches on domain decomposition methods for total variation minimization in a unified view. We address how the direction of research on the subject has changed over the past few years, and suggest several interesting topics for further research.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.112-123
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• 1997

The optimization techniques have been applied to versatile engineering problems for reducing manufacturing cost and for automatic design. The deterministic approaches or op5imization neglect the effects on uncertainties of design variables. The uncertainties include variation or perturbation such as tolerance band. The optimum may be useless when the constraints considering worst cases of design variables can not be satisfied, which results from constraint variation. The variation of design variables can also give rise to drastic change of performances. The two issues are related to constraint feasibility and insensitive performance. Robust design suggested in the present study is developed to gain an optimum insensitive to variation on design variables within feasible region. The multiobjective function is composed to the mean and the standard deviation of original objective function, while the constraints are supplemented by adding penalty term to original constraints. This method has a advantage that the second derivatives of the constraints are not required. A mathematical problem and several standard problems for structural optimization are solved to check out the usefulness of the suggested method.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2020

The influence of combination of nano silica and silica fume, as partial cement replacement materials, on the properties of concrete has been studied through the measurement of compressive strength. The compressive strength of concrete in terms of mean, standard deviation and with-in-test coefficient of variation related to the variation in the nominated parameters have also been developed. The compressive strength data developed experimentally has been analyzed using normal-probability distribution and partial safety factors of composite concretes have been evaluated by using first order second moment approach with Hasofer Lind's method. The use of Nano silica and silica fume in concrete decreases the partial safety factor of concrete i.e., increase the reliability of concrete. The experimental results show that the properties of concrete having nano silica and silica fume in combination were better than that of a plain concrete. The SEM test results showing the level of Ca(OH)₂ in plain concrete and consumption level Ca(OH)₂ of concrete containing nano silica & silica fume have also been presented.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

This paper introduces an active power dependent standard characteristic curve, Q(P) to compensate for voltage variations due to the output of distributed generation. This paper presents an efficient control method of grid-connected inverters by comparing and analyzing voltage variation magnitude and line loss according to the compensation method. Voltage variations are caused not only by active power, but also by the change of reactive power flowing in the line. In particular, the system is in a relatively remote place in a coastal area compared with existing power plants, so it is relatively weak and may not be suitable for voltage control. So, since it is very important to keep the voltage below the normal voltage limit within the specified inverter capacity and to minimize line loss due to the reactive power. we describe the active power dependent standard characteristic curve, Q(P) method and verify the magnitude of voltage variation by simulation. Finally, the characteristics of each control method and line loss are compared and analyzed.