• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 1988

The Main objective of this study is to find consumer attitude toward the Sanitary Regulation of Foods. In view of consumerism, this result will be used in re-regulating the law. Among the Sanitary Regulation of Foods, this study focuses on the Standard of prepackaged Food Labelling, because it is related both with the advertising from the food manufacturer's point of view and with the perception about the food itself from the consumer's point of view. After reviewing the previous studies and related provisions about the Standard of Prepackaged food Labelling, and compare other sanitary regulation of foods in developed countries (U.S.A. and Japan), basic research framework was derived. The research framework focuses on the user perception about the validity of provisions about the Standard of Prepackaged Food Labelling, and on the existance of exaggeration in food advertising using prepackaged foods. Data were collected through questionaires from the sample covering 374 food customers. The data were analyzed by frequency test and the important findings of this study are as follows. Most food consumers consider such provisions as date of manufacturing, circulation time limit, cautions for food handling, price, and manufacturer as important factors in buying food products. Among these factors, the date of manufacturing and circulation time limit are most critical factors, and must be labelled correctly on the prepackaged food cover. But other provisions which do not affect on consumer's buying decision (e.g. business admission number, self standard number) need not be labelled. From this study, we can conclude that the provisions about the standard of prepackaged Food Labelling currently used must be devided into two parts. One is 'mandatory provisions' which must be obeyed by all food manufacturets, and the other is 'autonomous provisions' which need not be obeyed by all food manufacturers. And mandatory provisions need to be regylated more strongly than now.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 2009

This study analyzes through the review of literature and laws the exposure time, clinical frequency, and radiation exposure of intraoral and extraoral radiography as well as of panoramic radiography performed by dental hygienists in dental clinics, compares the dental radiology curriculums of radiological science and dental hygiene departments, and proposes the expansion of dental hygienists' radiography operations. The radiology curriculums were compared between the radiological science and dental hygiene departments of colleges. For new analysis by radiography for dental diagnosis, the exposure time, radiation absorbed dose, effective dose, and number of days of natural radiation were compared by the type of oral radiation films and radiographical techniques proposed by domestic and international studies. The exposure time of panoramic radiography is 15 seconds and it takes about two minutes for completion, whereas the exposure time of the standard radiography is 0.2~0.8 seconds and it takes 10 times longer for completion of the radiography of full mouth than the panoramic radiography. The standard radiography can cause distortions of radiation at severely curved parts of dental arch and palatopharyngeal reflex. However, panoramic radiography can be performed even for lock jaw patients, causes less inconvenience to patients and is much simpler than the standard radiography. The percentage of dental clinics where radiography is performed by dental hygienists was 92.0%, and the percentage of standard film radiography by dental hygienists was 98% whereas the percentage of panoramic radiography by dental hygienists was 92%. For the absorbed dose which is an indicator of radiation exposure, the When the effective dose which is an indicator of the danger of radiation exposure was converted to the number of days of natural radiation, it was 3.3 days for panoramic radiography, but 13.9 days for the full mouth standard radiography by bisecting angle technique which was 4.2 times longer than the panoramic radiography. There were two colleges that had a dental radiology course with two credits in the departments of radiological science. The credits for dental radiology courses in the department of dental hygiene ranged varied by college, ranging from 3 to 8; on average, the theory course was 2.2 credits and the practice course was 2.02 credits. To summarize the above results, the percentage of dental clinics where panoramic radiography is performed by dental hygienists under the guidance of dentists is high. Panoramic radiography has become an essential facility for dental clinics. It is faster than standard film radiography and less dangerous due to low radiation exposure. Panoramic radiography is a simple mechanical job that does not require training of oral radiography by radiotechnologist. Because panoramic radiography is one of major operations which must be performed at all times in dental clinics, it must be designated as intraoral technique rather than extraoral technique, or legalized for inclusion in the scope of operations of dental hygienists.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1993.04a
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 1993

We consider a B/G/1 queueing system with vacations, where the server closes the gate when it begins a vacation. In this system, customers arrive according to a Bernoulli process. The service time and the vacation time follow discrete distributions. We obtain the distribution of the number of customers at a random point in time, and in turn, the distribution of the residence time (queueing time + service time) for a customer. This system finds an application in the performance evaluation of the DQDB protocol which has been adopted as the standard protocol for IEEE 802.6 MAN.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.833-837
• /
• 2012

This paper proposes a DRAM data retention time enhancement method that minimizes silicon loss and undercut at STI sidewall by reducing the SC1 (Standard Cleaning) time. SC1 time optimization debilitates the parasitic electric field in STI's top corner, which reduces an inverse narrow width effect to result in reduction of channel doping density without increasing the subthreshold leakage of cell Tr. Moreover, it minimizes the electric field in depletion area from cell junction to P-well, increasing yield or data retention time.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.83-97
• /
• 2015

IEEE 802.15.4 is a global standard designed for emerging applications in low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). The standard provides beneficial features, such as a beacon-enabled mode and guaranteed time slots for realtime data delivery. However, how to optimally operate those features is still an open issue. For the optimal operation of the features, this paper proposes a holistic optimization method that jointly optimizes three cross-related problems: cluster-tree construction, nodes' power configuration, and duty-cycle scheduling. Our holistic optimization method provides a solution for those problems so that all the real-time packets can be delivered within their deadlines in the most energy-efficient way. Our simulation study shows that compared to existing methods, our holistic optimization can guarantee the on-time delivery of all real-time packets while significantly saving energy, consequently, significantly increasing the lifetime of the network. Furthermore, we show that our holistic optimization can be extended to take advantage of the spatial reuse of a radio frequency resource among long distance nodes and, hence, significantly increase the entire network capacity.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.252-252
• /
• 2000

The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) has been considered as an inherently safe and reliable method far joining metals, and has been widely employed, especially in automobile body assembly shops, as a manufacturing process. In recent years, the requirement for more sophisticated quality control procedures has considerably grown in the mass production industries. The object of the application of servo control to spot welding gun is the improvement of quality control in the spot welding, one of conventional industrial areas. The important factors affecting welding qualities (shear strength, nuggest size, indentation depth) are welding current, welding time, and gun press force. Welding current and welding time are controlled by welding timer. But, the conventional welding guns using compressed air are out of control in changing gun press forces in welding process. In this paper, a servo gun welding system having a AC servo motor and a PC control system is presented. The main object of this paper is to estimate the influence of gun press force changes in the welding process (press time -> welding time -> hold time) to welding qualities, and to evaluate welding qualities in real time, by recognizing the patterns of gun press forces changed in the welding process and comparing with the standard patterns.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2014

Shot-peening is frequently used on various mechanical parts because it can improve the fatigue life of components by generating compressive residual stresses on the surface. This can be done by repeatedly hitting the work-piece surface with small balls and making indentations on it. In fact, finding optimal peening time among various peening parameters is the most important. Under-peening can not improve the fatigue life sufficiently while over-peening causes cracks and reduces fatigue life in contrast. In general, optimal peening time is experimentally determined by measuring arc-height using Almen-strip in accordance with SAE J442 standard. To save the time and efforts spent in carrying out experiments to find optimal peening time, this paper presents a computer simulation algorithm for the estimation of surface coverage made by impeller type shot-peening machines (PMI-0608). Surface coverage is defined as the proportion of the work-piece surface that has been indented in a given time of shot-peening. An example (standard tensile test specimen) is presented to validate the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 2009

De facto standards can be divided into the U.S. group standards' and 'forum and the consortium standard. mainly applies to high-tech industry forums, and a consortium standard of the industry given the nature of the standard are frequently revised, the country Due to the introduction of standard time. Economic loss to consider when in reality, the introduction of national standards of the United States is limited to the desirable standard, and the fact the actual award of standards, national standards, or if you want to introduce standard, each of depending on the type of attitude and strategy for standards by category, based on the characteristics of each body strategy and are needed. Through this study on utilization of de facto standards for national standards, it is researched that major de facto standards bodies status and domestic industrial fields which need utilization of de facto standards for national standards. Through overseas Case, effective usage of de facto standards will be obtained.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.740-754
• /
• 2015

This paper focuses on the reverse blocking busbar protection scheme with aim to improve the speed of its operation and at the same time to increase operational reliability, flexibility and stability of the protection during external and internal faults by implementation of the extended functionality provided by the IEC61850 standard-based protective Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The practical implementation of the scheme by the use of IEC 61850 standard communication protocol is investigated. The proposed scheme is designed for a radial type of a distribution network and is modeled and simulated in the DigSILENT software environment for various faults on the busbar and its outgoing feeders. A laboratory test bench is built using three ABB IEDs 670 series that are compliant with the IEC 61850 standard, CMC 356 Omicron test injection device, PC, MOXA switch, and a DC power supplier. Two types of the reverse blocking signals between the IEDs in the test bench are considered: hard wired and Ethernet communication by using IEC 61850 standard GOOSE messages. Comparative experimental study of the operational trip response speeds of the two implementations for various traffic conditions of the communication network shows that the performance of the protection scheme for the case of Ethernet IEC 61850 standard-based communication is better.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.302-312
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude and compliance with standard precautions and to identify predicting factors of compliance with standard precautions in ICU and ER nurses. Methods: The participants were 228 ICU and ER nurses working in one of three university hospitals and one general hospital. Collected data included general characteristics, features related to infection risk, and knowledge, attitude and compliance with standard precautions. For the final analysis, 218 questionnaires were used. Results: Within the previous one year, 103 (47.3%) nurses experienced pricking injury from syringe needles or other sharp materials, 111 (50.9%) nurses reported exposure to patients' blood and body fluid. In general, the scores for knowledge, attitude and compliance were all high. Compliance scores for nurses in intensive care units were significantly higher than those of nurses in emergency. There were significant correlations of knowledge, attitude, and compliance with standard precautions. Attitude and work place were significant factors predicting compliance with standard precautions. Conclusion: The results indicate that to increase nurse's compliance with standard precautions, continuous efforts to enhance positive attitudes and at the same time, improve work environments and use individualized approaches based on the work units are needed.